【摘要】：冠心病是威脅中國公眾健康的重要疾病,目前臨床普遍采用的影像學(xué)診斷方式是X射線冠狀動脈造影(coronary angiography,CAG)和多層螺旋計算機(jī)層析成像(multislice computed tomography,MSCT)。CAG被稱為診斷冠心病的“金標(biāo)準(zhǔn)”,但其本質(zhì)為透視投影成像,若造影角度選擇不當(dāng),容易引起血管投影縮短和血管相互間遮蓋,影響感興趣狹窄血管段的診斷與治療,因此確定感興趣段的最佳造影角度具有重要的意義。 MSCT技術(shù)近年來得到了迅速發(fā)展,以無創(chuàng)成像、三維容積數(shù)據(jù)等優(yōu)勢在冠心病排查及術(shù)前分析中應(yīng)用越來越廣泛。本文的主要研究目的是采用計算機(jī)視覺和數(shù)字圖像處理方法,對術(shù)前MSCT心臟數(shù)據(jù)進(jìn)行分析,分割三維冠脈血管,同時建立CAG系統(tǒng)幾何模型,研究介入手術(shù)中感興趣血管段最佳造影角度的計算方法,并對多期相的冠脈進(jìn)行運(yùn)動分析,輔助診斷冠心病。 本文的研究內(nèi)容主要包括: 一.建立系統(tǒng)整體數(shù)據(jù)處理方案 根據(jù)X射線冠脈造影與多層螺旋CT兩種冠脈成像技術(shù)的特點(diǎn)及相關(guān)技術(shù)參數(shù),提出了基于多層螺旋CT數(shù)據(jù)的術(shù)前分析方案,進(jìn)行感興趣血管段最佳造影角度確定及冠脈運(yùn)動分析,建立了課題的整體數(shù)據(jù)處理流程。 二.多層螺旋CT數(shù)據(jù)中的冠脈分割 選擇區(qū)域生長機(jī)制,同時輔以必要的預(yù)處理步驟,分別與概率決策、基于Hessian矩陣的血管增強(qiáng)濾波及基于最佳方向性梯度通量的血管增強(qiáng)濾波結(jié)合,以獲得滿意的分割效果。 三.基于多層螺旋CT血管模型的最佳造影角度計算 建立由CT數(shù)據(jù)坐標(biāo)系到造影系統(tǒng)坐標(biāo)系的幾何變換模型,模擬二維投影圖像。對感興趣段血管進(jìn)行基于形態(tài)學(xué)的細(xì)化,并進(jìn)行B樣條擬合,同時滿足最小投影縮短和最小遮蓋的角度,即為造影系統(tǒng)的最佳視角。 四.基于多層螺旋CT數(shù)據(jù)的冠脈運(yùn)動初步分析 對多期相的骨架點(diǎn)進(jìn)行基于連貫點(diǎn)漂移的非剛體配準(zhǔn),實現(xiàn)運(yùn)動場估計,定量描述主要分支的位移幅度與速率。利用全期相冠脈數(shù)據(jù),建立動態(tài)血管模型,計算了整個心動周期內(nèi)的冠脈最佳造影角度。
[Abstract]:Coronary heart disease (CHD) is an important disease threatening the public health in China. At present, X-ray coronary angiography (coronary) and multislice spiral computed tomography (multislice computed tomographic MSCT) .CAG are commonly used in clinic as the "golden standard" for the diagnosis of coronary heart disease. However, its essence is fluoroscopic projection imaging. If the angle of angiography is not properly chosen, it will easily lead to the shortening of vascular projection and the mutual covering of blood vessels, which will affect the diagnosis and treatment of stenosis of interest. Therefore, it is of great significance to determine the optimal imaging angle of the segment of interest. In recent years, MSCT technology has been developed rapidly. The advantages of non-invasive imaging and three-dimensional volumetric data are more and more widely used in coronary heart disease examination and preoperative analysis. The main purpose of this paper is to use computer vision and digital image processing to analyze the preoperative MSCT cardiac data, to segment the three-dimensional coronary artery, and to establish the geometric model of CAG system. To study the method of calculating the optimal angle of coronary artery segment in interventional surgery and to analyze the motion of multi-phase coronary artery in order to help diagnose coronary heart disease. The main contents of this paper are as follows: 1. According to the characteristics of X-ray coronary angiography and multi-slice spiral CT and the related technical parameters, a scheme of preoperative analysis based on multi-slice spiral CT data was proposed. The optimal angle of angiography and coronary artery motion analysis were determined and the whole data processing process was established. II. The growth mechanism of coronary artery segmentation in multi-slice spiral CT data is selected, and the necessary preprocessing steps are used, respectively, and the probability decision is obtained. The combination of the Hessian matrix based vascular enhancement filter and the optimal directional gradient flux is used to obtain a satisfactory segmentation effect. Three Based on the optimal angiographic angle of multi-slice spiral CT angiography model, a geometric transformation model from CT data coordinate system to imaging system coordinate system is established to simulate two-dimensional projection image. The vessels of interest are refined based on morphology and fitted with B-spline, which satisfies the angle of minimum projection shortening and minimum shading, that is, the best angle of view of the imaging system. four Preliminary Analysis of Coronary artery Motion based on Multi-slice Spiral CT data the nonrigid body registration of multi-phase skeleton points based on coherent point drift is carried out to estimate the motion field and quantitatively describe the displacement amplitude and velocity of the main branches. Based on the whole phase coronary artery data, a dynamic vascular model was established, and the optimal angle of coronary angiography was calculated for the whole cardiac cycle.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：天津大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2012
【分類號】：R816.2

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