【摘要】：眾所周知，田徑運(yùn)動(dòng)是運(yùn)動(dòng)之母，它是所有體育運(yùn)動(dòng)項(xiàng)目的基礎(chǔ)。然而，由于田徑項(xiàng)目動(dòng)作難度不斷提高，訓(xùn)練時(shí)間不斷加長(zhǎng)，對(duì)機(jī)體的承受能力也提出了越來(lái)越高的要求，因此，對(duì)多數(shù)從事田徑運(yùn)動(dòng)的高水平運(yùn)動(dòng)員來(lái)說(shuō)，運(yùn)動(dòng)損傷是不可避免的，怎樣減少運(yùn)動(dòng)損傷的發(fā)生是擺在體育工作者面前的一個(gè)重要課題。高校高水平田徑運(yùn)動(dòng)員一般都具備良好的身體素質(zhì)和專項(xiàng)技能，然而由于運(yùn)動(dòng)損傷的發(fā)生，不但打破了科學(xué)系統(tǒng)的訓(xùn)練計(jì)劃，還導(dǎo)致了一批有前途的田徑運(yùn)動(dòng)員過(guò)早地離開(kāi)了田徑場(chǎng)地，這嚴(yán)重的阻礙了田徑運(yùn)動(dòng)水平的發(fā)展。因此，加強(qiáng)對(duì)高校高水平運(yùn)動(dòng)員尤其是對(duì)高水平田徑運(yùn)動(dòng)員損傷的科學(xué)認(rèn)識(shí)、減少運(yùn)動(dòng)損傷的發(fā)生、尋求有效預(yù)防其運(yùn)動(dòng)損傷的方法和手段已經(jīng)迫在眉睫。 本研究運(yùn)用運(yùn)動(dòng)醫(yī)學(xué)、運(yùn)動(dòng)訓(xùn)練學(xué)、體育心理學(xué)、人體解剖學(xué)、體育保健學(xué)等學(xué)科的相關(guān)知識(shí)，采用文獻(xiàn)資料、問(wèn)卷調(diào)查和數(shù)理統(tǒng)計(jì)、專家訪談等研究方法，對(duì)河南省131名高校高水平田徑運(yùn)動(dòng)員的運(yùn)動(dòng)損傷進(jìn)行調(diào)查，得出以下結(jié)論： 1、河南省高校高水平田徑運(yùn)動(dòng)員的運(yùn)動(dòng)級(jí)別大部分為二級(jí)，占79.4%，，他們平均每年參加比賽的次數(shù)為2.5次。 2、河南省高校高水平田徑運(yùn)動(dòng)員運(yùn)動(dòng)損傷率較高，占92.4%，男女運(yùn)動(dòng)員受傷人數(shù)沒(méi)有顯著差異，人均受傷2.9次。 3、河南省高校高水平田徑運(yùn)動(dòng)員中損傷部位主要是大腿部（24.2%）、踝部（21.3%）、小腿部（20.5%）等。不同項(xiàng)群項(xiàng)目的田徑運(yùn)動(dòng)員，在運(yùn)動(dòng)損傷部位方面存在著一定的差異。在損傷的輕重程度上多屬于輕度損傷和中度損傷，有81.0%的損傷發(fā)生在訓(xùn)練階段；損傷的季節(jié)多發(fā)生在冬季和秋季。 4、造成運(yùn)動(dòng)損傷發(fā)生的因素主要有：身體過(guò)度疲勞、舊傷未痊愈等生理因素；訓(xùn)練或比賽時(shí)情緒低落、注意力不集中等心理因素；技術(shù)運(yùn)用不熟練、技術(shù)動(dòng)作錯(cuò)誤等技術(shù)因素；準(zhǔn)備活動(dòng)不充分、恢復(fù)時(shí)間及措施安排不合理等訓(xùn)練因素以及場(chǎng)地器材、天氣原因等其他客觀因素。 并根據(jù)研究結(jié)果，結(jié)合專家意見(jiàn)，提出了一系列解決對(duì)策。
[Abstract]:As we all know, track and field is the mother of sports, it is the basis of all sports. However, due to the increasing difficulty and training time of track and field events, the higher and higher demands are put forward on the ability of the body to bear. Therefore, for most of the high-level athletes engaged in track and field sports, Sports injury is inevitable, how to reduce the occurrence of sports injury is an important subject in front of sports workers. High level track and field athletes in colleges and universities generally have good physical quality and special skills. However, due to the occurrence of sports injury, it not only breaks the training plan of scientific system, It also caused a group of promising track and field athletes to leave the track and field early, which seriously hindered the development of track and field level. Therefore, it is urgent to strengthen the scientific understanding of the injuries of the high level athletes, especially the high level track and field athletes, to reduce the occurrence of the sports injuries and to seek effective methods and means to prevent them. This study uses the relevant knowledge of sports medicine, sports training, sports psychology, human anatomy, sports health care and other subjects, using literature, questionnaire and mathematical statistics, expert interviews and other research methods. The sports injuries of 131 high level track and field athletes in colleges and universities in Henan Province were investigated, and the following conclusions were drawn: 1. The sports grade of high level track and field athletes in Henan Province is mostly second class. The average number of times they take part in competitions is 2.5 times a year. 2. The sports injury rate of high level track and field athletes in Henan Province is relatively high, accounting for 92.4%. There is no significant difference in the number of injuries between male and female athletes. The injuries per capita were 2.9 times. Among the high-level track and field athletes in Henan Province, the main injuries were in the large legs (24.2%), the ankle (21.3%), the lower legs (20.5%) and so on. Track and field athletes in different events have some differences in sports injury location. The degree of injury is mostly mild and moderate, 81.0% of the injuries occur in the training stage, and the seasons of injury occur in winter and autumn. 4, the main factors causing sports injuries are: physical overfatigue, Physiological factors such as unhealed old injuries; psychological factors such as low mood, lack of concentration during training or competition; technical factors such as unskillful use of skills, technical errors in movement, inadequate preparation activities, etc. Training factors such as unreasonable recovery time and measures, and other objective factors, such as venue equipment, weather factors and so on. According to the research results, combined with the expert opinion, a series of solutions are put forward.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：四川師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2013
【分類號(hào)】：G82;R873

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