本文選題：三維紋理映射 + 視線投射�。� 參考：《上海交通大學(xué)》2013年碩士論文

【摘要】：近年來心臟疾病的發(fā)病率不斷提高，心血管疾病已成為全球死亡人數(shù)最多的疾病之一。而針對心臟左心室二尖瓣裝置的參數(shù)測量研究對于二尖瓣病變的診斷和手術(shù)治療有重要意義，雙源CT技術(shù)的發(fā)展與成熟為心血管疾病的診斷和治療提供了重要的影像依據(jù)，也使二尖瓣裝置參數(shù)測量和分析成為可能。因此，，有效的利用計算機(jī)三維顯示技術(shù)提取二尖瓣裝置模型中的關(guān)鍵點進(jìn)行參數(shù)測量，是計算機(jī)輔助心臟二尖瓣裝置病變診斷和手術(shù)規(guī)劃的重要基礎(chǔ)。 三維顯示是進(jìn)行三維測量的基礎(chǔ)。近年來計算機(jī)三維顯示硬件的快速發(fā)展使三維醫(yī)學(xué)圖像顯示技術(shù)得以推廣。三維紋理映射和視線投射法等體繪制算法是三維計算機(jī)顯示技術(shù)的核心。三維紋理映射由于在顯卡的顯示處理單元（GPU）上運行，且已實現(xiàn)大量的硬件并行計算，所以能達(dá)到很快的顯示速率。本文對于三維心臟數(shù)據(jù)的整體顯示采用三維紋理映射法。 本文在設(shè)計傳遞函數(shù)等需要顯示細(xì)節(jié)的情況下用視線投射法進(jìn)行體繪制。采用的視線投射法基于并行架構(gòu)CUDA平臺運行，能充分利用GPU大量并行計算流處理器的資源，可以達(dá)到實時顯示的幀率，并且對細(xì)節(jié)的顯示較為逼真。 傳遞函數(shù)設(shè)計又是三維顯示中的關(guān)鍵技術(shù)之一，傳遞函數(shù)能幫助用戶更清楚地顯示感興趣的區(qū)域。本文采用基于可見性直方圖的傳遞函數(shù)設(shè)計。首先對體數(shù)據(jù)進(jìn)行預(yù)處理，提出在視線投射算法中利用基于可見性直方圖的心臟傳遞函數(shù)對心臟數(shù)據(jù)進(jìn)行三維顯示，并且我們提出了半自動方法來確定傳遞函數(shù)。通過這些方法，用戶可以通過調(diào)節(jié)傳遞函數(shù)突出顯示感興趣的部分，甚至可以觀察到心腔的許多細(xì)節(jié)。然后，我們利用CUDA技術(shù)對計算及顯示進(jìn)行加速，對三維心臟數(shù)據(jù)進(jìn)行實時動態(tài)顯示。 包括二尖瓣環(huán)投影面積在內(nèi)的心臟左心室參數(shù)測量對于衡量患者的心功能有著重要的意義。傳統(tǒng)CT的左心室參數(shù)測量由于在乳頭肌位置標(biāo)定及二尖瓣環(huán)提取方面遇到了較大的困難，因此效果不甚理想，且方法復(fù)雜，可重復(fù)性差。本文提出了一套全新的基于計算機(jī)圖形學(xué)的心臟左心室參數(shù)測量流程，可以快速準(zhǔn)確而有效進(jìn)行二尖瓣環(huán)及乳頭肌的位置標(biāo)定。并且借助于GPU三維紋理映射方法，在三維顯示的基礎(chǔ)上進(jìn)行三維取點。實驗證明，經(jīng)本文提出的方法提高了參數(shù)提取的準(zhǔn)確性，且可靠性較好，可應(yīng)用于臨床科研。
[Abstract]:In recent years, the incidence of heart disease has been increasing, cardiovascular disease has become one of the most deaths in the world. The parameter measurement of left ventricular mitral valve device is of great significance for the diagnosis and surgical treatment of mitral valve disease. The development and maturity of dual-source CT technique provide an important imaging basis for the diagnosis and treatment of cardiovascular disease. It also makes it possible to measure and analyze the parameters of mitral valve device. Therefore, the effective use of computer three-dimensional display technology to extract the key points of mitral valve device model for parameter measurement is an important basis for computer-aided diagnosis and surgical planning of mitral valve device. 3 D display is the basis of 3 D measurement. In recent years, with the rapid development of computer 3D display hardware, 3D medical image display technology has been popularized. Volume rendering algorithms such as 3D texture mapping and line of sight projection are the core of 3D computer display technology. 3D texture mapping can achieve a fast display rate because it runs on the display processing unit (GPU) of the graphics card and has realized a lot of hardware parallel computation. In this paper, three-dimensional texture mapping method is used for the whole display of three-dimensional heart data. In this paper, the design of transfer function need to show the details of the case using the line of sight projection method for volume rendering. The line of sight projection method is based on the parallel architecture CUDA platform, which can make full use of the resources of GPU parallel computing stream processor, can achieve the frame rate of real-time display, and the detail display is more realistic. Transfer function design is one of the key techniques in 3D display. Transfer function can help users to display the region of interest more clearly. The design of transfer function based on visibility histogram is adopted in this paper. Firstly, the volume data is preprocessed, and the heart transfer function based on visibility histogram is proposed to display the heart data in line of sight projection algorithm, and we propose a semi-automatic method to determine the transfer function. Through these methods, the user can highlight the part of interest by adjusting the transfer function, and can even observe many details of the heart cavity. Then, we use CUDA technology to speed up the calculation and display, and real-time dynamic display of three-dimensional cardiac data. The measurement of left ventricular parameters including mitral annular projection area plays an important role in evaluating cardiac function. The traditional measurement of left ventricular parameters by CT is difficult to calibrate the position of papillary muscle and extract mitral annulus, so the effect is not satisfactory, the method is complex and the repeatability is poor. In this paper, a new procedure of measuring left ventricular parameters based on computer graphics is proposed, which can be used to calibrate the position of mitral annulus and papillary muscle quickly and accurately. With the help of GPU 3D texture mapping method, 3D point extraction is carried out on the basis of 3D display. Experimental results show that the proposed method improves the accuracy and reliability of parameter extraction and can be applied to clinical scientific research.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：上海交通大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2013
【分類號】：R816.2

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