本文選題：我國(guó) + 優(yōu)秀運(yùn)動(dòng)員　； 參考：《華東師范大學(xué)》2012年碩士論文

【摘要】：優(yōu)秀運(yùn)動(dòng)員作為我國(guó)競(jìng)技體育事業(yè)的重要組成部分之一,其傷殘現(xiàn)狀已引起了社會(huì)輿論與相關(guān)單位或部門對(duì)此問題的廣泛關(guān)注并不斷升溫。傷殘預(yù)防在傷殘保障體系中的重要作用一直是國(guó)內(nèi)外各相關(guān)行業(yè)與研究領(lǐng)域的共識(shí),但我國(guó)優(yōu)秀運(yùn)動(dòng)員的傷殘預(yù)防還沒有得到系統(tǒng)性的建立與發(fā)展。想要更好地實(shí)施運(yùn)動(dòng)員傷殘預(yù)防工作,就必須要從宏觀層面上深刻地認(rèn)識(shí)我國(guó)優(yōu)秀運(yùn)動(dòng)員傷殘現(xiàn)狀,才能使預(yù)防工作在具體的微觀層面上做到有據(jù)可依、有的放矢。流行病學(xué)觀點(diǎn)認(rèn)為,“通過(guò)研究人群中疾病與健康的分布及其影響分布的因素,可以以探討病因,闡明流行特征與規(guī)律,制定預(yù)防、控制和消滅疾病的對(duì)策與措施,并評(píng)價(jià)措施效果�！盵4]以此作為理論依據(jù),本文通過(guò)收集07至10年“中國(guó)社會(huì)統(tǒng)計(jì)年鑒”與“優(yōu)秀運(yùn)動(dòng)員傷殘賠付統(tǒng)計(jì)表”中的相關(guān)統(tǒng)計(jì)數(shù)據(jù),運(yùn)用數(shù)理統(tǒng)計(jì)法,對(duì)我國(guó)優(yōu)秀運(yùn)動(dòng)員進(jìn)行了以下幾個(gè)視角的現(xiàn)狀分析：1)傷殘部位分布；2)傷殘等級(jí)分布；3)傷殘的地區(qū)(單位)分布；4)傷殘的項(xiàng)目分布；5)傷殘的性別分布。通過(guò)以上分析與討論后得出的結(jié)論認(rèn)為：1)我國(guó)優(yōu)秀運(yùn)動(dòng)員的四年傷殘狀況呈遞減態(tài)勢(shì)；2)我國(guó)優(yōu)秀運(yùn)動(dòng)員的傷殘人數(shù)與傷殘率分布是不均勻的,在區(qū)域、項(xiàng)目、性別、傷殘部位、傷殘級(jí)別層面上都有集中性特征；3)下肢與上肢是我國(guó)優(yōu)秀運(yùn)動(dòng)員傷殘人數(shù)最多的部位；4)耳部是頭面的突出傷殘部位,其主要由摔跤與柔道項(xiàng)目產(chǎn)生；5)腰部是上身的突出傷殘部位,它在各個(gè)項(xiàng)目中都普遍存在；6)關(guān)節(jié)是上肢的突出傷殘部位,其中格斗類項(xiàng)目與自行車和體操比較突出；7)膝部與踝跗是下肢的突出傷殘部位,絕大部分項(xiàng)目都普遍存在,但格斗類、大球類與體操項(xiàng)目相對(duì)更為突出；8)呼吸系統(tǒng)和生殖系統(tǒng)是內(nèi)臟的突出傷殘部位,其致因有內(nèi)源性與也有外源性的,突出項(xiàng)目是自行車；9)內(nèi)臟與頭面部位傷殘是嚴(yán)重傷殘的主要來(lái)源,而輕度傷殘則比較偏向于下肢部位傷殘；10)嚴(yán)重傷殘與區(qū)域和項(xiàng)目的傷殘人數(shù)和傷殘率都沒有太明顯的關(guān)聯(lián),這可能表明了它更傾向于意外性特征；11)輕度傷殘的產(chǎn)生非常普遍地存在于我國(guó)優(yōu)秀運(yùn)動(dòng)員中,嚴(yán)重傷殘也偶有出現(xiàn)；12)我國(guó)各區(qū)域的競(jìng)技體育實(shí)力在一定程度上與傷殘率成反比,但普遍上與傷殘人數(shù)成正比；13)我國(guó)“傷殘互助保險(xiǎn)”中的“一類項(xiàng)目”的危險(xiǎn)性普遍比其它項(xiàng)目高,但非“一類項(xiàng)目”也有嚴(yán)重傷殘現(xiàn)象；14)在不同項(xiàng)目的運(yùn)動(dòng)形式差異影響下,各項(xiàng)目的突出傷殘部位都有所偏重,具有專項(xiàng)性特征；15)格斗類、自行車和武術(shù)套路項(xiàng)目的傷殘人數(shù)明顯偏向男性運(yùn)動(dòng)員,有身體對(duì)抗球類項(xiàng)目的傷殘人數(shù)明顯偏向于女性運(yùn)動(dòng)員。根據(jù)以上結(jié)論提出的建議如下：1)繼續(xù)鞏固我國(guó)優(yōu)秀運(yùn)動(dòng)員傷殘預(yù)防工作的發(fā)展態(tài)勢(shì)；2)認(rèn)真學(xué)習(xí)、準(zhǔn)確把握我國(guó)優(yōu)秀運(yùn)動(dòng)員的傷殘現(xiàn)狀,進(jìn)一步研究傷殘突出問題,以不斷推進(jìn)我國(guó)優(yōu)秀運(yùn)動(dòng)員傷殘預(yù)防工作；3)加強(qiáng)我國(guó)優(yōu)秀運(yùn)動(dòng)員的科學(xué)選材與醫(yī)務(wù)監(jiān)督,切實(shí)減少我國(guó)優(yōu)秀運(yùn)動(dòng)員各種類、各部位傷殘、傷殘人數(shù)與傷殘率；4)針對(duì)突出傷殘部位研發(fā)有效的預(yù)防器具,改進(jìn)運(yùn)動(dòng)技術(shù)與訓(xùn)練方法,做到防患于未然；5)加大對(duì)我國(guó)競(jìng)技體育實(shí)力不占優(yōu)勢(shì)單位的投入與關(guān)注,提高它們管理、科研、訓(xùn)練科學(xué)性,實(shí)現(xiàn)我國(guó)競(jìng)技體育的全面發(fā)展；6)加強(qiáng)對(duì)“傷殘互助保險(xiǎn)”中一類項(xiàng)目的傷殘預(yù)防科研,提升我國(guó)競(jìng)技體育發(fā)展質(zhì)量；7)關(guān)注性別差異導(dǎo)致的傷殘人數(shù)分布偏倚,全面加強(qiáng)運(yùn)動(dòng)員傷殘預(yù)防工作。
[Abstract]:As one of the most important parts of competitive sports in China, the status of disability has aroused widespread concern in social public opinion and related units or departments. The important role of disability prevention in the disability protection system has always been the consensus of all related industries and research fields at home and abroad, but China The disability prevention of excellent athletes has not been established and developed systematically. In order to better implement the disability prevention and prevention work of athletes, it is necessary to have a profound understanding of the status quo of the disability of our elite athletes from the macro level so that the prevention work can be carried out at the specific micro level and the epidemiological point of view. It is believed that "by studying the distribution of disease and health in the population and the distribution of its influence, we can explore the etiological factors, clarify the characteristics and laws of the epidemic, formulate the countermeasures and measures to prevent, control and eliminate the disease, and evaluate the effect of the measures." [4] as a theoretical basis, this article collects the "Chinese Social Statistics Yearbook" from 07 to 10 years. With the statistical data of "statistical table of disability and compensation for outstanding athletes", using mathematical statistics, the status of the outstanding athletes in China was analyzed in the following aspects: 1) the distribution of the disabled position; 2) the distribution of disability grade; 3) the distribution of the disabled area (unit); 4) the distribution of disabled items; 5) the sex distribution of the disabled. The conclusions of the above analysis and discussion are as follows: 1) the status of disability in four years of our elite athletes was reduced, and 2) the number of disability and disability rate of Chinese elite athletes was uneven, and there were concentrated characteristics in the area, project, sex, disable position and disability level; 3) lower limbs and upper limbs were excellent transportation in China. The part that mobilize the most disabled number of disabled persons; 4) the ear is the prominent and disable part of the head, which is mainly caused by wrestling and judo; 5) the waist is a prominent and disable part of the upper body, and it is common in every item; 6) the joint is the prominent and disable part of the upper limb, of which the grid is more prominent than the bicycle and gymnastics; 7) the knee. And the ankle tarsus are the prominent and disable parts of the lower extremities, most of the items are common, but the combat type, the big ball and the gymnastics are more prominent; 8) the respiratory system and the reproductive system are the prominent and disable parts of the viscera, its cause is endogenous and exogenous, the prominent item is the bicycle; 9) the viscera and the head and face are severely disabled The main source of heavy disability, while the mild disability is more biased toward the lower extremities, and 10) there is no obvious correlation between the number of serious disability and the number of disability and disability in the region and the project, which may indicate that it is more prone to accidental characteristics; and 11) the occurrence of mild disability is not often found in the excellent athletes of our country. Disability also occasionally appears; 12) the competitive sports strength of all regions of our country is inversely proportional to the rate of disability, but it is generally proportional to the number of disabled persons; 13) the risk of "kind of items" in the "disability mutual insurance" in China is generally higher than that of other projects, but the non "kind of project" also has serious disability; 14) is different Under the influence of the difference of sports form of the project, the outstanding parts of each item have some special characteristics; 15) the number of disabled persons in the combat, bicycle and Wushu routines obviously inclines to the male athletes, and the number of disabled persons with body against ball items is obviously biased toward the female athletes. As follows: 1) continue to consolidate the development trend of our country's outstanding athletes' disability prevention work; 2) conscientiously study, accurately grasp the status of the disability of our elite athletes, further study the problems of disability, and continue to promote the prevention of disability in our country; 3) strengthen the scientific selection and medical supervision of excellent athletes in China, To reduce all kinds of excellent athletes in our country, the disability of all parts, the number of disabled and disability; 4) to develop effective preventive instruments, improve sports technology and training methods, improve the prevention and cure, and 5) increase the investment and attention of the competitive sports strength of our country, and improve their management, scientific research and training. Scientific nature, realizing the all-round development of competitive sports in our country; 6) strengthening the prevention and Research on the disability prevention and prevention of the "disability mutual aid insurance", improving the quality of the development of competitive sports in China; 7) paying attention to the distribution bias of the number of disabled persons caused by gender differences and Comprehensively Strengthening the prevention and treatment of athletes' disability.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：華東師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2012
【分類號(hào)】：R873

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