本文選題：坐起-行走 + 坐位高度��； 參考：《大連理工大學(xué)》2012年碩士論文

【摘要】：坐起-行走是日常生活中最常出現(xiàn)的動(dòng)作之一,人體完成由臀部和雙足三點(diǎn)支撐的坐位狀態(tài),過渡到雙足站立繼而邁步行走的狀態(tài),表現(xiàn)出有序的姿勢改變。坐起-行走動(dòng)作除嬰幼兒外涉及所有的年齡人群,其動(dòng)作難度高于行走動(dòng)作,對(duì)于下肢功能不斷衰弱,視力減退的老年人而言,坐起-行走有時(shí)會(huì)發(fā)生跌倒,嚴(yán)重的會(huì)引發(fā)骨折等并發(fā)癥。所以本文以大連理工大學(xué)退休教師(72.6±2.2歲)和在校大學(xué)生(19.7±1.3歲)各11名志愿者為研究對(duì)象,通過兩臺(tái)DLUT4060壓電式多分量測力平臺(tái)結(jié)合DVM8820三維紅外影像捕捉系統(tǒng)對(duì)受試者的坐起-行走進(jìn)行測試,探討兩年齡組完成動(dòng)作時(shí)采取的不同運(yùn)動(dòng)策略和發(fā)生跌倒的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。通過運(yùn)動(dòng)生物力學(xué)和統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)分析得出： 1、通過運(yùn)動(dòng)生物力學(xué)分析結(jié)合受試者自我選擇的最佳坐位高度的統(tǒng)計(jì)結(jié)果,得出無論老年人還是年輕人最佳坐位高度均為100%胭窩高時(shí),使人體在完成坐起-行走動(dòng)作時(shí)獲得生物力學(xué)上的最大優(yōu)勢,動(dòng)作完成的最舒適和安全最高,有利于維持身體的平衡穩(wěn)定狀態(tài),發(fā)生跌倒的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)也最低。 2、對(duì)兩年齡群體而言‘較低和過高的坐位高度,都會(huì)影響人體動(dòng)作完成時(shí)的身體姿態(tài)和下肢功能的發(fā)揮；而且高度越低時(shí),所造成的負(fù)面影響越大,這對(duì)老年人來說尤其明顯。 3、老年人不能像年輕人那樣快速而流暢地完成坐起-行走,坐起-行走動(dòng)作對(duì)老年人的身體平衡穩(wěn)定的控制系統(tǒng)已經(jīng)構(gòu)成威脅,易引發(fā)跌倒。 所以,在設(shè)計(jì)和布置老年人起居環(huán)境和公共活動(dòng)場所的設(shè)施高度時(shí),應(yīng)綜合考慮該地區(qū)老年人的胭窩高度這一影響要素,這樣能從一定程度上降低老年人發(fā)生跌倒的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。此外老年人在日常生活中,應(yīng)注意從椅子或沙發(fā)起身后身體充分伸展并站穩(wěn)后,再向前邁步行走,這樣可以獲得更大的平衡穩(wěn)定性,降低發(fā)生跌倒的機(jī)率；在進(jìn)行健身鍛煉時(shí),要注意提高髖部和下肢伸肌肌群的力量,尤其是注意下肢關(guān)節(jié)的柔韌性方面的練習(xí),諸如太極拳類的練習(xí)不但可以提高下肢關(guān)節(jié)的力量,也可以提高柔韌性,從而達(dá)到提高身體平衡能力的目的。
[Abstract]:Sit-up-walking is one of the most common movements in daily life. The human body completes the sitting state supported by the hip and bipedal three points to the state of standing on both feet and then walking, showing an orderly posture change. Sitting up-walking involves all age groups except infants, and is more difficult than walking. For elderly people with declining lower limb function and impaired eyesight, sit-up-walking can sometimes cause falls. Severe complications can lead to fractures. Therefore, 11 volunteers (72.6 鹵2.2 years old) and 19.7 鹵1.3 years old college students in Dalian University of Science and Technology (Dalian University of Technology) were chosen as the subjects of the study. Two DLUT4060 piezoelectric multi-component force-measuring platforms combined with DVM8820 three-dimensional infrared image capture system were used to test the sitting up and walking of the subjects. The different motion strategies and the risk of falling down were discussed when the two age groups completed their movements. Through sports biomechanics and statistical analysis, it is concluded that: 1. According to the results of exercise biomechanics analysis and the statistical results of the best sitting height of the subjects, the best sitting height of 100% popliteal height was obtained for both the elderly and the young. It can make the human body obtain the biggest advantage in biomechanics and the most comfortable and safe in the process of sitting up and walking, which is helpful to maintain the balance and stability of the body, and the risk of falling down is the lowest. 2. For the two year old group, the lower and higher sitting height will affect the body posture and lower limb function when the human body is finished, and the lower the height, the greater the negative effect, which is especially obvious for the elderly. 3. The elderly can not complete sit-walk as quickly and fluently as young people. Sit-walk poses a threat to the stable control system of the body balance of the elderly and can easily lead to falls. Therefore, when designing and arranging the living environment of the elderly and the height of the facilities in the public activity place, we should take into account the influence factor of the height of the living place of the elderly in this area, so as to reduce the risk of falling down in the elderly to a certain extent. In addition, in daily life, the elderly should pay attention to the body from the chair or sofa after fully stretching and standing steady, and then walk forward, so as to achieve greater stability of balance, reduce the probability of falling down; when doing exercise, Attention should be paid to improving the strength of the extensor muscles of the hip and lower limbs, especially to the flexibility of the lower extremity joints. Exercises such as Taijiquan can not only enhance the strength of the lower extremity joints, but also increase their flexibility. In order to achieve the purpose of improving the balance of the body.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：大連理工大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2012
【分類號(hào)】：G804.2

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