本文選題：長(zhǎng)跑愛(ài)好者　切入點(diǎn)：下肢損傷　出處：《北京體育大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：近年來(lái)我國(guó)伴隨參與長(zhǎng)跑人數(shù)的增長(zhǎng),跑步運(yùn)動(dòng)損傷的發(fā)生數(shù)量激增,情況不容樂(lè)觀。目前我國(guó)在長(zhǎng)跑人群跑步損傷方面的流行病學(xué)調(diào)查研究極少,在跑步相關(guān)損傷的防治上也缺少足夠的研究做支撐。本研究分兩部分,第一部分對(duì)跑者進(jìn)行問(wèn)卷調(diào)查,獲取其跑步習(xí)慣、下肢運(yùn)動(dòng)損傷發(fā)生率及損傷特點(diǎn);第二部分對(duì)長(zhǎng)跑愛(ài)好者進(jìn)行測(cè)試評(píng)估,根據(jù)跑者的性別和損傷進(jìn)行分組和對(duì)比,分析下肢結(jié)構(gòu)及功能特征與運(yùn)動(dòng)損傷之間的關(guān)系。包括Q角、雙下肢長(zhǎng)度差異、下肢關(guān)節(jié)活動(dòng)度、平衡穩(wěn)定性、肌肉延展性、肌肉力量、軀干肌肉耐力、足偏角、足弓形態(tài)以及功能性動(dòng)作等內(nèi)容。為我國(guó)長(zhǎng)跑愛(ài)好者運(yùn)動(dòng)損傷的防治策略提供相關(guān)研究基礎(chǔ)。主要結(jié)果:(1)問(wèn)卷調(diào)查顯示長(zhǎng)跑愛(ài)好者下肢損傷發(fā)生率為81.3%,排在前三的損傷部位為膝、踝和足,排在前三的損傷為髂脛束摩擦綜合征、膝前痛和足底筋膜炎。(2)損傷組和健康組在下肢Q角、關(guān)節(jié)活動(dòng)度(髖后伸、外旋、內(nèi)旋;踝背屈)、雙下肢長(zhǎng)度差異、閉眼單腳站立時(shí)間長(zhǎng)度、髂腰肌和髂脛束緊張度、踝背屈和髖周肌肉等長(zhǎng)肌肉力量、軀干屈伸肌群耐力、FMS深蹲動(dòng)作模式、單腿下蹲測(cè)試、足偏角和中足占比結(jié)果中無(wú)顯著性差異。(3)損傷組比健康組在雙下肢閉眼單腳站立時(shí)間差值上較大,股直肌緊張比例較高、軀干側(cè)向肌肉耐力較差且有顯著性差異(P0.05),并與跑步損傷有相關(guān)性。(4)女性損傷組整體比健康組在Y字平衡測(cè)試綜合推動(dòng)距離上較短、在FMS主動(dòng)直腿上抬動(dòng)作模式得分較低且有顯著性差異(P0.05),并與損傷有相關(guān)性。主要結(jié)論:(1)長(zhǎng)跑愛(ài)好者下肢運(yùn)動(dòng)損傷患病率很高,達(dá)到81.3%,主要集中在膝、踝和足。最常見(jiàn)的損傷為髂脛束摩擦綜合征、膝前痛和足底筋膜炎。(2)雙側(cè)下肢靜態(tài)平衡穩(wěn)定性失衡、股直肌緊張、軀干側(cè)向肌群耐力相對(duì)較差與跑步下肢損傷存在一定相關(guān)性。(3)Y字平衡測(cè)試綜合推動(dòng)距離等反映出的下肢動(dòng)態(tài)穩(wěn)定性以及FMS主動(dòng)直腿上抬動(dòng)作水平與女性跑者下肢損傷有一定相關(guān)性。(4)下肢Q角、雙下肢長(zhǎng)度差異、部分關(guān)節(jié)活動(dòng)度(負(fù)重踝背屈、髖后伸、髖內(nèi)旋、髖外旋)、下肢部分肌群力量(髖內(nèi)收、外展、后伸;足背屈肌群)、足弓形態(tài)、部分功能動(dòng)作(FMS深蹲動(dòng)作模式、單腿下蹲動(dòng)作)完成水平等在本次研究中沒(méi)有表現(xiàn)出與跑步下肢損傷存在聯(lián)系。
[Abstract]:In recent years, along with the increase of the number of people involved in long-distance running, the number of injuries in running has increased sharply, and the situation is not optimistic. This study is divided into two parts. The first part is to investigate the runners' running habits, the incidence of lower extremity sports injuries and the characteristics of injuries. In the second part, the distance runners were tested and evaluated. According to the sex and injury of runners, the relationship between the structure and function of lower limbs and sports injuries was analyzed, including Q angle, length difference of both legs. Lower limb joint motion, balance stability, muscle ductility, muscle strength, trunk muscle endurance, foot angle, The results showed that the incidence of lower extremity injuries of long-distance runners was 81.33, which was the top three. The injured part of the knee is the knee. Ankle and foot, the top three injuries were the friction syndrome of iliotibial tract, anterior knee pain and plantar fasciitis. The injury group and the healthy group had lower extremity Q angle, joint motion (hip extension, external rotation, internal rotation, ankle dorsiflexion, length difference of lower extremity). Length of standing time, tension of iliopsoas muscle and iliotibial bundle, muscle strength of ankle dorsiflexion and perihip muscle, endurance of trunk flexion and extensor muscle group and FMS squat mode, single leg squat test, There was no significant difference in the results of foot deviation angle and middle foot ratio. The difference of standing time and tension of rectus femoris were higher in the injury group than in the healthy group. The lateral muscle endurance of the trunk was poor and there was significant difference (P0.05A) and there was a correlation with the running injury.) the overall driving distance of the female injury group was shorter than that of the healthy group in the Y word balance test, and the overall driving distance of the female injury group was shorter than that of the healthy group. In the FMS active straight leg lifting mode, the score was lower and there was significant difference (P 0.05), which was related to the injury. Conclusion: 1) the prevalence rate of lower extremity motion injury of long-distance runner is very high (81.3%), which is mainly focused on the knee. Ankle and foot. The most common injuries are friction syndrome of iliotibial tract, anterior knee pain and plantar fasciitis. There is a certain correlation between the relatively poor endurance of trunk lateral muscle group and the lower limb injury of running. The dynamic stability of lower extremity and the level of FMS active straight leg lifting and the lower extremity of female runners are reflected in the comprehensive push distance test and so on. The Q angle of lower extremity was correlated with injury. The length of both lower limbs is different, and some joint activities (ankle flexion, hip extension, hip rotation, hip rotation, hip extroversion, lower extremity muscle group strength (hip adductor, abduction, extension), flexor dorsalis pedis group, arch form), Some functional movements such as FMS squat mode, single leg squat, etc., were not associated with lower limb injury in this study.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：北京體育大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：R873

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