【摘要】：大多數(shù)的農(nóng)藥殘留（簡(jiǎn)稱農(nóng)殘）物質(zhì)都屬于有毒有害物質(zhì)，它們以各種危害形式持續(xù)存在于水體、土壤、大氣等各種日常生活環(huán)境當(dāng)中，能夠通過(guò)不同的途徑進(jìn)入人體，對(duì)人的身體健康產(chǎn)生極大的危害。有機(jī)磷農(nóng)藥（OrganophosphorousPesticides，OPPs）是用于防治植物病、蟲、害的含有機(jī)磷的有機(jī)化合物。這一類農(nóng)藥品種多，藥效高，用途廣，易分解，在人、畜體內(nèi)一般不積累，在農(nóng)藥中是極為重要的一類化合物。但有不少品種對(duì)人、畜的急性毒性很強(qiáng)。水體中OPPs的存在主要是來(lái)自于農(nóng)業(yè)及工業(yè)廢水的排放。有大量報(bào)告研究表明，微量的有機(jī)磷農(nóng)殘對(duì)水的生態(tài)系統(tǒng)已經(jīng)產(chǎn)生一定的危害，因此水域生態(tài)環(huán)境系統(tǒng)中有機(jī)磷農(nóng)殘污染問(wèn)題也隨之成為水環(huán)境研究的熱點(diǎn)問(wèn)題。因此，研究出能快速、靈敏、準(zhǔn)確的檢測(cè)環(huán)境中有機(jī)磷農(nóng)殘的方法，對(duì)于評(píng)價(jià)其生態(tài)風(fēng)險(xiǎn)等問(wèn)題具有十分重要的意義。然而，對(duì)于環(huán)境中的微量有機(jī)磷農(nóng)殘的檢測(cè)技術(shù)方法仍然存在準(zhǔn)確性和靈敏度較差等諸多的難題，而且通常情況下水體中OPPs的量很低（μg/L級(jí)），一般方法難于對(duì)其進(jìn)行直接測(cè)定。 本文對(duì)蘭州市安寧區(qū)不同地點(diǎn)的生活飲用水中有機(jī)磷農(nóng)藥殘留檢測(cè)研究為基礎(chǔ)，分別對(duì)有機(jī)磷農(nóng)藥的性質(zhì)、結(jié)構(gòu)特征及高效液相色譜法的的原理、特點(diǎn)進(jìn)行研究;建立一種以高效液相色譜法為基礎(chǔ)的同時(shí)檢測(cè)多種有機(jī)磷農(nóng)藥殘留的方法；確定了采用高效液相色譜法（HPLC）時(shí)的最佳條件。結(jié)果表明，以甲醇:水（68.5:31.5，V/V）作為流動(dòng)相、流動(dòng)相pH為6、流速為1.0mL/min、進(jìn)樣量為20μL的條件下，，HPLC完全可以分離七種有機(jī)磷農(nóng)藥（樂(lè)果、敵敵畏、毒死蜱、內(nèi)吸磷、甲基對(duì)硫磷、馬拉硫磷、對(duì)硫磷）。該方法的最低檢出限在1.1μg/L~1.7μg/L之間；回收率在83%~96%，相對(duì)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)偏差3.6%~6.5%之間，精密度高。通過(guò)試驗(yàn)證明該方法分離效果好，選擇性高，檢測(cè)靈敏度高。
[Abstract]:Most pesticide residues (referred to as agricultural residues) are toxic and harmful substances, which persist in water, soil, atmosphere and other daily living environments in various hazardous forms, and can enter the human body through different ways. It does great harm to people's health. Organophosphorus pesticides (OrganophosphorousPesticides,OPPs) are organic compounds that contain organic phosphorus, which are used to control plant diseases, insects and pests. This kind of pesticide has many varieties, high efficacy, wide use, easy to decompose, does not accumulate in human and animal body, and is a very important kind of compound in pesticide. But there are many species to human, animal acute toxicity is very strong. The existence of OPPs in water is mainly from the discharge of agricultural and industrial wastewater. A large number of reports have shown that a small amount of organophosphorus agricultural residues has caused certain harm to the water ecosystem, so the pollution of organophosphorus agricultural residues in the aquatic ecosystem has become a hot issue in the water environment research. Therefore, it is of great significance to study a rapid, sensitive and accurate method for the detection of organophosphorus agricultural residues in the environment. However, there are still many difficulties in the detection of trace organophosphorus agricultural residues in the environment, such as poor accuracy and sensitivity, and the amount of OPPs in water is usually very low (渭 g / L). It is difficult to determine it directly by general method. Based on the study on determination of organophosphorus pesticide residues in drinking water at different locations in Anning District of Lanzhou City, the properties, structural characteristics, principle and characteristics of high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) of organophosphorus pesticides were studied. To establish a method for simultaneous determination of organophosphorus pesticide residues based on high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The optimum conditions were determined when (HPLC) was used by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The results showed that seven organophosphorus pesticides (dimethoate, dichlorvos, dimeth Chlorpyrifos, internal absorption phosphorus, methyl parathion, malathion, parathion). The detection limit of this method is between 1.1 渭 g / L and 1.7 渭 g / L, the recovery is 83% ~ 96%, the relative standard deviation is 3.6% ~ 6.5%, and the precision is high. The experimental results show that the method has good separation effect, high selectivity and high detection sensitivity.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：西北師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2013
【分類號(hào)】：O657.72;R123.1

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