【摘要】：目的： 1.調(diào)查掌握湖南省各級疾病預(yù)防控制機(jī)構(gòu)生活飲用水水質(zhì)衛(wèi)生監(jiān)測能力情況。 2.分析湖南省各級疾病預(yù)防控制機(jī)構(gòu)生活飲用水水質(zhì)衛(wèi)生監(jiān)測存在的問題,為提高衛(wèi)生監(jiān)測能力提供依據(jù)。 方法：按照衛(wèi)生部新版《生活飲用水衛(wèi)生標(biāo)準(zhǔn)》(GB5749—2006),設(shè)計監(jiān)測能力調(diào)查表,內(nèi)容包括各級疾病預(yù)防控制機(jī)構(gòu)的實(shí)驗(yàn)室基本情況、檢測人員信息、對106項飲用水水質(zhì)項目的檢測能力和相關(guān)儀器的配備情況。將調(diào)查表發(fā)放到各級疾病預(yù)防控制機(jī)構(gòu)進(jìn)行普查,并完成數(shù)據(jù)的填寫和上報,對上報的相關(guān)信息進(jìn)行統(tǒng)計分析。結(jié)果： 1.各級疾控機(jī)構(gòu)實(shí)驗(yàn)室基本情況：全省94.93%的疾控機(jī)構(gòu)通過了計量認(rèn)證；地市級以下疾控機(jī)構(gòu)一半以上的實(shí)驗(yàn)室面積集中在500m2以下；地市級以下的水質(zhì)檢驗(yàn)人員學(xué)歷以大專為主,職稱以初、中級為主,年齡集中在30—40歲之間； 2.水質(zhì)指標(biāo)的監(jiān)測情況：全省各級疾病預(yù)防控制機(jī)構(gòu)對水質(zhì)常規(guī)檢測指標(biāo)的綜合監(jiān)測率為71.24%,其中,省級監(jiān)測能力達(dá)到100.00%；地級市監(jiān)測能力為87.75%；縣級市監(jiān)測能力為76.93%；縣(區(qū))級監(jiān)測能力為67.96%。對水質(zhì)非常規(guī)檢測指標(biāo)的綜合監(jiān)測率為8.76%,其中,省級監(jiān)測能力達(dá)到96.87%；地級市監(jiān)測能力為28.24%；縣級市監(jiān)測能力為6.15%；縣(區(qū))級監(jiān)測能力為5.78%。市、縣(區(qū))級不能監(jiān)測的項目主要集中在放射性指標(biāo)中的總α放射性和總β放射性,以及毒理學(xué)指標(biāo)中的三氯甲烷、四氯化碳、溴酸鹽、甲醛、亞氯酸鹽、氯酸鹽、氯胺、二氧化氯、臭氧。 3.飲用水衛(wèi)生監(jiān)測儀器設(shè)備：縣級市CDC缺乏一些基本的理化檢驗(yàn)儀器,縣區(qū)疾控中心無一家配備較先進(jìn)的大型設(shè)備。 結(jié)論：湖南省級以下各級疾病預(yù)防控制機(jī)構(gòu)實(shí)驗(yàn)室認(rèn)可率較低,水質(zhì)檢驗(yàn)人員素質(zhì)有待加強(qiáng),地市級以下疾控機(jī)構(gòu)缺乏水質(zhì)檢測設(shè)備儀器,水質(zhì)監(jiān)測能力亟待加強(qiáng)。
[Abstract]:Objective: 1. To investigate and master the sanitary monitoring capacity of drinking water quality of disease prevention and control institutions at all levels in Hunan Province. 2. The problems in sanitary monitoring of drinking water quality in disease prevention and control institutions at all levels in Hunan Province were analyzed in order to provide basis for improving the ability of sanitary surveillance. Methods: according to the new edition of Sanitary Standards for drinking Water (GB5749-2006) of the Ministry of Health, a questionnaire on monitoring ability was designed, which included the basic laboratory information of disease prevention and control institutions at all levels, and the information of personnel. The detection ability and equipment of 106 items of drinking water quality were studied. The questionnaire will be sent to the disease prevention and control agencies at all levels to carry out a census, and complete the completion of data filling and reporting, to report the relevant information for statistical analysis. Results: 1. Basic conditions of laboratories of disease control institutions at all levels: 94.93% of the disease control institutions in the province have passed the metrological certification, more than half of the laboratory area of the disease control institutions below the prefectural level is below 500m2; The qualification of water quality inspectors below the municipal level is mainly junior college, professional title is primary, intermediate level, the age is concentrated in 30-40 years old; 2. Monitoring situation of water quality index: the comprehensive monitoring rate of disease prevention and control institutions at all levels in the province is 71.24, in which the provincial monitoring ability reaches 100.00,87.75 in prefectural cities; The monitoring ability of county level is 76.93 and that of county (district) is 67.96. The comprehensive monitoring rate of unconventional water quality detection index is 8.76, among which, the monitoring ability of provincial level is 96.87, that of prefectural city is 28.2424, that of county-level city is 6.15. The ability of monitoring at county (district) level is 5.78. The items that cannot be monitored at the city, county (district) level are mainly the total alpha radioactivity and total beta radioactivity in the radioactivity index, and the trichloromethane, carbon tetrachloride, bromate, formaldehyde, chlorite, chloramine in the toxicology index, Chlorine dioxide, ozone. 3. Drinking water sanitation monitoring equipment: the county level city CDC lacks some basic physical and chemical inspection instruments, the county district disease control center does not have the more advanced large-scale equipment. Conclusion: the laboratory accreditation rate of disease prevention and control institutions below the level of Hunan Province is low, the quality of water quality inspectors needs to be strengthened, and the quality of water quality inspection equipment is lacking in the disease control institutions below the prefectural level, and the ability of water quality monitoring needs to be strengthened urgently.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：中南大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2012
【分類號】：R123.1

【參考文獻(xiàn)】

相關(guān)期刊論文 前10條

1 鄂學(xué)禮;陳昌杰;張嵐;;我國生活飲用水衛(wèi)生標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的研究[J];癌變.畸變.突變;2007年03期

2 肖羽堂,張晶晶,吳鳴,劉輝,張東,許建華;我國水資源污染與飲用水安全性研究[J];長江流域資源與環(huán)境;2001年01期

3 羅力;孫梅;王穎;萇鳳水;鄭余煥;朱立國;柴煜卿;勵曉紅;傅華;梁鴻;陳文;周志俊;屈衛(wèi)東;呂軍;陳英耀;于競進(jìn);于明珠;蘇海軍;汪華;張瑜;劉嶺;施培武;何曉軍;雷杰;陳政;郝模;;三年建設(shè)前后中國疾病預(yù)防控制機(jī)構(gòu)實(shí)驗(yàn)室檢驗(yàn)?zāi)芰Φ谋容^研究[J];中國公共衛(wèi)生管理;2007年03期

4 王國永;康殿民;鞏懷證;陳仁友;郭婕;張曉菲;畢振強(qiáng);王志玉;傅繼華;;山東省疾病預(yù)防控制機(jī)構(gòu)檢驗(yàn)?zāi)芰Ψ治鯷J];中國公共衛(wèi)生管理;2008年02期

5 申屠杭;;生活飲用水衛(wèi)生標(biāo)準(zhǔn)執(zhí)行中的若干問題探討[J];中國公共衛(wèi)生管理;2008年06期

6 張文淵;飲用水與人體健康[J];廣東微量元素科學(xué);2002年10期

7 鐘格梅,楊虹,李裕利,唐振柱;廣西各級疾病預(yù)防控制機(jī)構(gòu)生活飲用水衛(wèi)生監(jiān)測能力調(diào)查與分析[J];廣西預(yù)防醫(yī)學(xué);2005年01期

8 胡松;梁虹;舒棟才;代穩(wěn);;我國水安全研究現(xiàn)狀及展望[J];水科學(xué)與工程技術(shù);2010年03期

9 吳茂江;飲用水與人體健康[J];河北師范大學(xué)學(xué)報;2002年03期

10 藍(lán)楠;我國飲用水資源保護(hù)的立法構(gòu)想和制度創(chuàng)新[J];環(huán)境保護(hù);2002年03期

，

本文編號：2415649