【摘要】：目的：淮河流域部分地區(qū)癌癥高發(fā)，原因不明，復(fù)雜多變的外暴露環(huán)境導(dǎo)致病因探索舉步維艱，根據(jù)已有研究篩選出的當?shù)靥卣魑廴疚�，開展內(nèi)暴露監(jiān)測與效應(yīng)指標監(jiān)測以掌握主要特征污染物在人群中的內(nèi)暴露水平，可以為評價特征污染物對當?shù)鼐用裨斐傻慕】碉L險提供科學(xué)依據(jù)，為當?shù)丨h(huán)境污染治理指明方向。 方法：采取對比研究的方法，在監(jiān)測試點地區(qū)境內(nèi)選擇1個對照區(qū)和4個監(jiān)測區(qū)，采集當?shù)爻Ｗ【用癯磕驑悠�，分別對尿樣中的重金屬、1-羥基芘、亞硝胺、8-羥基脫氧鳥苷的含量進行監(jiān)測分析，其中，重金屬檢測采用電感耦合等離子體質(zhì)譜法，1-羥基芘檢測采用超高效液相色譜-質(zhì)譜法，亞硝胺檢測采用氣相色譜-質(zhì)譜法，8-羥基脫氧鳥苷檢測采用高效液相色譜-電化學(xué)法。 結(jié)果：八種監(jiān)測重金屬在尿樣中均有檢出，4個監(jiān)測區(qū)居民尿中鉻和鉛的含量均明顯低于對照區(qū)，2個監(jiān)測區(qū)尿中鈹顯著高于對照區(qū)；1-羥基芘在監(jiān)測區(qū)與對照區(qū)間無明顯差異，但其檢測濃度明顯高于我國普通居民水平；八種揮發(fā)性亞硝胺在尿樣中均有檢出，4個監(jiān)測區(qū)尿中總亞硝胺水平均顯著高于對照區(qū)；1個監(jiān)測區(qū)尿樣中8-羥基脫氧鳥苷明顯低于對照區(qū)，其余無顯著性差異，且5個監(jiān)測地區(qū)檢出的8-羥基脫氧鳥苷水平明顯高于我國普通居民；尿樣中重金屬鉻、鉛濃度與當?shù)鼐用裣腊┌Y死亡率呈負相關(guān)關(guān)系，硒與人體遺傳損傷效應(yīng)指標存在顯著負相關(guān)關(guān)系；尿總亞硝胺含量與當?shù)鼐用窨偘┌Y死亡率以及消化道癌癥死亡率顯著正相關(guān)。 結(jié)論：尿樣中高1-羥基芘濃度說明當?shù)鼐用穸喹h(huán)芳烴暴露水平較高，存在健康風險；尿總亞硝胺含量與當?shù)鼐用癜┌Y死亡率顯著正相關(guān)，提示監(jiān)測地區(qū)癌癥高發(fā)可能與亞硝胺類物質(zhì)有關(guān)；尿樣高8-羥基脫氧鳥苷水平說明監(jiān)測地區(qū)人群所受遺傳損傷強度較高，存在潛在健康威脅，元素Se對此可能具有保護作用。
[Abstract]:Objective: there is a high incidence of cancer in some areas of the Huaihe River Basin. Developing internal exposure monitoring and effect index monitoring to grasp the internal exposure level of main characteristic pollutants in the population can provide scientific basis for evaluating the health risks caused by characteristic pollutants to local residents. For the local environmental pollution control direction. Methods: one control area and four monitoring areas were selected in the monitoring pilot area. Morning urine samples of local residents were collected. The heavy metals, 1-hydroxy pyrene, nitrosamine in urine samples were determined respectively. The content of 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine was monitored and analyzed. Among them, heavy metals were detected by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry, 1-hydroxypyrene by ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry and nitrosamines by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine was determined by high performance liquid chromatography-electrochemical method. Results: eight kinds of heavy metals were detected in urine samples. The contents of Cr and Pb in urine of residents in four monitoring areas were significantly lower than those in control areas, and beryllium in urine in two monitoring areas were significantly higher than those in control areas. There was no significant difference between the monitoring area and the control group, but the detected concentration of 1-hydroxypyrene was significantly higher than that of the ordinary residents in China. Eight kinds of volatile nitrosamines were detected in urine samples, and the levels of total nitrosamines in urine in the four monitoring areas were significantly higher than those in the control areas. The level of 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine in urine samples in one monitoring area was significantly lower than that in the control area, and the level of 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine in the five monitoring areas was significantly higher than that in the ordinary residents of China. The concentrations of Cr and Pb in urine were negatively correlated with the mortality rate of digestive tract cancer in local residents, and there was a significant negative correlation between selenium and the genetic damage effect index of human body. The total nitrosamine content in urine was positively correlated with total cancer mortality and gastrointestinal cancer mortality. Conclusion: the high concentration of 1-hydroxypyrene in urine indicates that the exposure level of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in local residents is high and there is a health risk. The total nitrosamine content in urine was positively correlated with the cancer mortality in the local population, suggesting that the high incidence of cancer in the monitoring area might be related to nitrosamines. The high level of 8-hydroxy-deoxyguanosine in urine indicated that the genetic damage was higher and there was a potential health threat in the population in the monitoring area, and the element Se might have a protective effect on it.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：華中科技大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2013
【分類號】：R114

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