【摘要】：[研究背景]自18世紀(jì)工業(yè)革命以后,工業(yè)的迅速發(fā)展雖然帶來了經(jīng)濟的飛速增長,但卻嚴(yán)重污染了環(huán)境,給人類的健康帶來了巨大的危害。各國政府在意識到環(huán)境對人類的重要性后,紛紛開始制定環(huán)境相關(guān)立法,以保護公民的合法權(quán)益。隨著環(huán)境相關(guān)立法的不斷發(fā)展與完善,世界各國除制定了一系列防治環(huán)境污染的法律之外,還針對環(huán)境污染所造成的健康損害賠償或補償?shù)葐栴}制定了相關(guān)法律,使環(huán)境污染健康損害者能夠及時、有效、合理的得到應(yīng)有的賠償或補償。而我國目前尚無環(huán)境污染健康損害賠償或補償?shù)南嚓P(guān)法律法規(guī),亟待建立。 [研究目的]本課題旨在通過研究環(huán)境汞污染所致不同程度健康損害的補償指標(biāo)體系,為環(huán)境污染健康損害賠償或補償法律法規(guī)的制定提供技術(shù)支持。 [研究方法]通過文獻研究收集分析汞污染、國內(nèi)外環(huán)境污染健康損害賠償?shù)认嚓P(guān)文獻資料；比較分析我國職業(yè)性汞中毒診斷標(biāo)準(zhǔn)與環(huán)境污染汞中毒診斷分級標(biāo)準(zhǔn),結(jié)合我國現(xiàn)有的健康損害分級相關(guān)資料與環(huán)境汞污染的健康效應(yīng),將環(huán)境汞污染健康損害進行分級；通過對我國現(xiàn)行的人身損害賠償指標(biāo)的比較分析,結(jié)合國外環(huán)境污染健康損害賠償指標(biāo)及環(huán)境汞污染的特性,擬定出環(huán)境汞污染健康損害補償指標(biāo),并通過專家討論進行確定；以環(huán)境汞污染的健康損害分級為基礎(chǔ),結(jié)合擬定的環(huán)境汞污染健康損害補償指標(biāo),制定出環(huán)境汞污染所致不同程度健康損害補償指標(biāo)體系,并運用現(xiàn)場調(diào)研的方法驗證其可行性。 [結(jié)果]經(jīng)汞中毒診斷等標(biāo)準(zhǔn)比較分析,認(rèn)為環(huán)境汞污染的健康損害可分為輕度健康損害、中度健康損害、重度健康損害和死亡等四級。輕度健康損害是指機體出現(xiàn)輕度功能障礙,無明顯臨床癥狀、體征,生活能夠自理,不存在醫(yī)療依賴和護理依賴,尚能從事輕的勞動；中度健康損害是指機體出現(xiàn)中度功能障礙,有明顯的臨床癥狀、體征,生活能夠自理,存在一般的醫(yī)療依賴,無護理依賴,喪失了部分勞動能力；重度健康損害是指機體出現(xiàn)嚴(yán)重的功能障礙,生活部分不能自理或完全不能自理,存在特殊醫(yī)療依賴和護理依賴,完全喪失了勞動能力；死亡是指因環(huán)境汞污染造成的死亡。 通過對國內(nèi)外人身損害賠償相關(guān)指標(biāo)的分析,擬定出我國環(huán)境汞污染健康損害補償指標(biāo),主要包括醫(yī)療費、誤工費、護理費、住宿費、醫(yī)院伙食補助費、交通費、營養(yǎng)費、殘疾生活補助費、殘疾賠償金、殘疾輔助器具費、死亡賠償金、被撫養(yǎng)人生活費、喪葬費和精神撫慰金等。 根據(jù)環(huán)境汞污染健康損害分級,結(jié)合相關(guān)資料分析及現(xiàn)場驗證,制定出一套不同級別損害的相應(yīng)指標(biāo)體系。輕度健康損害應(yīng)補償交通費、誤工費和醫(yī)療費等；中度健康損害應(yīng)補償交通費、誤工費、醫(yī)療費、護理費、營養(yǎng)費、住院伙食補助費、住宿費,若受害者殘廢,需支付殘疾賠償金、殘疾生活補助費和殘疾輔助器具費等；重度健康損害應(yīng)補償交通費、誤工費、醫(yī)療費、護理費、營養(yǎng)費、住院伙食補助費、住宿費,若受害者殘廢,需支付殘疾賠償金、殘疾生活補助費、殘疾輔助器具費和被撫養(yǎng)人生活費等。死亡應(yīng)補償死亡賠償金、喪葬費和被撫養(yǎng)人生活費等。 [結(jié)論及建議]研究表明,工業(yè)企業(yè)排放的汞污染物未超標(biāo),但由于長期低劑量接觸而導(dǎo)致環(huán)境汞污染健康損害時,由政府對健康損害者進行行政補償；工業(yè)企業(yè)排放汞污染物超標(biāo),造成環(huán)境汞污染,導(dǎo)致受污染人群出現(xiàn)健康損害時,由污染企業(yè)對健康損害者進行民事賠償。環(huán)境汞污染健康損害補償指標(biāo)中,交通費、營養(yǎng)費、住院伙食補助費、住宿費、被撫養(yǎng)人生活費、誤工費、護理費和殘疾生活補助費等受地區(qū)經(jīng)濟差異影響,賠償金額不同；殘疾輔助器具費、喪葬費按照國家統(tǒng)一規(guī)定；殘疾賠償金、死亡賠償金屬于精神損害賠償,根據(jù)以人為本、公平公正的原則,給予統(tǒng)一賠償。進行資質(zhì)認(rèn)證,在醫(yī)院中設(shè)立專門的科室對環(huán)境汞污染健康損害進行診斷和判定。本次研究因時間倉促,收集的汞中毒病例較少,且不能反應(yīng)全國的情況,需要進一步驗證。
[Abstract]:[Research Background] After the industrial revolution in the 18th century, the rapid development of industry has brought the rapid economic growth, but it seriously polluted the environment and brought great harm to the human health. After being aware of the importance of the environment to the human, the governments of all countries have begun to enact relevant legislation on the environment to protect the legitimate rights and interests of the citizens. With the development and perfection of the environment-related legislation, in addition to the development of a series of laws for the prevention and control of environmental pollution, the countries of the world have formulated relevant laws to solve the problems of health damage compensation or compensation caused by environmental pollution, so that the environmental pollution health-impaired can be timely and effective, Reasonable compensation or compensation. At present, there are no related laws and regulations for environmental pollution, health damage compensation or compensation, and it is urgent to establish.[Objective] This project is to provide technical support for the development of environmental pollution health damage compensation or compensation laws and regulations by studying the compensation index system of different degree of health damage caused by environmental mercury pollution. hold.[research method] collect and analyze that mercury pollution, domestic and foreign environmental pollution health damage and other relevant literature by the literature study; compare and analyze the diagnostic criteria of occupational mercury poisoning in China and the diagnosis of environmental pollution mercury poisoning According to the level standards, combined with the health effects of the existing health damage classification and the environmental mercury pollution in China, the environmental mercury pollution health damage is classified; and the ratio of the current personal injury compensation index to the country In combination with the foreign environmental pollution health damage index and the characteristics of the environmental mercury pollution, the environmental pollution health damage compensation index is developed, and the determination is made through the expert discussion; and the health damage classification of the environmental mercury pollution is carried out. On the basis of the proposed environmental pollution compensation index of environmental mercury pollution, the compensation index system of different degree of health damage caused by environmental mercury pollution is set up, and the field investigation method is used to verify the health damage compensation index system Feasibility.[Results] The health damage of the environmental mercury pollution can be classified into mild health damage, moderate health damage, severe health damage and the like compared with the standard comparative analysis of the mercury poisoning diagnosis. Grade IV of death. Mild health impairment refers to the occurrence of mild dysfunction of the body, no obvious clinical symptoms, signs, self-care of life, no medical dependence and care dependence, and light labor; and moderate health impairment refers to the moderate dysfunction of the body and has obvious clinical significance. The symptoms, the signs, the life can be self-care, there are general medical dependence, no care dependence, the partial labor ability is lost; the severe health impairment refers to the serious dysfunction of the body, the life part can't be self-care or completely unable to be self-care, there are special medical dependence and the death refers to the environmental mercury pollution. Through the analysis of the related indexes of personal injury compensation at home and abroad, the health damage compensation index of environmental mercury pollution in China is drawn up, which mainly includes the medical expenses, the cost of compensation, the nursing fee, the accommodation cost, the food allowance of the hospital, the transportation, the nutrition and the living allowance for the disabled. Fee, compensation for disability, assistive device for disability, compensation for death, cost of living for dependants, funeral expenses and develop a set of different levels according to the environmental mercury pollution health damage classification, combining relevant data analysis and on-site verification, The corresponding index system of the damage shall be the corresponding index system of the damage. The minor health damage shall compensate for the transportation, the cost of work, the medical expenses, etc.; the moderate health damage shall compensate for the transportation, the cost of work, the medical expense, the nursing fee, the nutrition fee, the food allowance for the hospitalization, the accommodation expenses, and if the victim is disabled It is necessary to pay disability compensation, disability living allowance and assistive device for disability, etc.; severe health damage shall compensate for transportation, cost of work, medical expense, nursing, nutrition, food allowance and accommodation, if the victim is disabled, the disability compensation shall be paid Payment for gold, disability living allowance, and assistive device for disability and the cost of living, etc. The death shall compensate for the death compensation and the funeral expenses.[Conclusion and Suggestion] The study shows that the mercury pollutants discharged by industrial enterprises are not in excess, but when the environmental mercury pollution is damaged due to long-term low-dose contact, the government can make administrative compensation for the health-impaired persons, and the industrial enterprises discharge the mercury pollution. When the product is in excess of the standard, causing environmental mercury pollution, the pollution enterprise will be responsible for the health damage caused by the contaminated population. Civil compensation for health-impaired persons. Among the compensation indicators for environmental mercury pollution health damage, transportation, nutrition, food allowance, accommodation, maintenance of dependants, cost of work, nursing and disability living allowance, etc. are affected by regional economic differences, and compensation The amount is different; the disability auxiliary equipment cost and the funeral expenses are in accordance with the national unified regulations; the disability compensation and the death compensation belong to the mental damages, and according to the people-oriented, fair public Positive principles, unified compensation, qualification certification, establishment of specialized departments in the hospital for environmental mercury pollution Health impairment was diagnosed and determined. The study was short of time, with fewer cases of mercury poisoning and no response to the national
【學(xué)位授予單位】：中國疾病預(yù)防控制中心
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2012
【分類號】：R135.13

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