【摘要】：目的：了解本市某選煤廠勞動(dòng)者的噪聲暴露以及聽(tīng)力損失情況,探討影響勞動(dòng)者聽(tīng)力損失的相關(guān)因素,為職業(yè)性噪聲聾的預(yù)防提供理論依據(jù)與指導(dǎo)。 方法：采取作業(yè)場(chǎng)所噪聲現(xiàn)場(chǎng)檢測(cè)、問(wèn)卷調(diào)查與職業(yè)健康檢查相結(jié)合的方法,對(duì)選煤廠勞動(dòng)者的噪聲暴露量、勞動(dòng)者噪聲相關(guān)知識(shí)、防護(hù)措施以及聽(tīng)力損失的情況進(jìn)行橫斷面調(diào)查。采用多重線性回歸分析的方法對(duì)勞動(dòng)者相關(guān)知識(shí)知曉程度的影響因素、勞動(dòng)者聽(tīng)力損失的影響因素進(jìn)行統(tǒng)計(jì)分析,使用路徑分析的方法對(duì)影響勞動(dòng)者防護(hù)設(shè)備使用頻率的因素進(jìn)行分析。 結(jié)果： (1)勞動(dòng)者工作地點(diǎn)噪聲強(qiáng)度在70.0dB(A)-99.3dB(A)之間,勞動(dòng)者LEX,8h(8小時(shí)等效聲級(jí))在77.8dB(A)-93.9dB(A)之間,其中85dB(A)以上的占38.8%；勞動(dòng)者累積噪聲暴露量(Cumulative Noise Exposure, CNE)于79.8dB(A)-108.4dB(A)之間,其中100dB(A)以上的占19.8%。 (2)勞動(dòng)者關(guān)于噪聲相關(guān)知識(shí)的知曉程度與勞動(dòng)者的文化程度以及參加相關(guān)噪聲知識(shí)培訓(xùn)有關(guān)。噪聲相關(guān)知識(shí)的培訓(xùn)與知曉程度正相關(guān)(r=0.409,p0.05),文化程度與知曉程度正相關(guān)(r=0.471,p0.05)。 (3)調(diào)查對(duì)象中每次都使用防護(hù)設(shè)備的占29.3%,噪聲防護(hù)設(shè)備的使用頻率受相關(guān)知識(shí)的知曉程度直接影響(β=0.409,p0.05),噪聲相關(guān)知識(shí)的培訓(xùn)通過(guò)相關(guān)知識(shí)知曉程度對(duì)防護(hù)設(shè)備的使用頻率產(chǎn)生間接影響(β=0.168,p0.05),勞動(dòng)者的文化程度通過(guò)相關(guān)知識(shí)知曉程度對(duì)防護(hù)設(shè)備的使用頻率產(chǎn)生間接影響(β=0.110,p0.05)。 (4)聽(tīng)力損失與勞動(dòng)者噪聲相關(guān)知識(shí)的知曉程度、勞動(dòng)防護(hù)設(shè)備的使用頻率、勞動(dòng)者累積噪聲暴露量有關(guān)。噪聲相關(guān)知識(shí)的知曉程度與聽(tīng)力損失負(fù)相關(guān)(r=-0.262,p0.05),防護(hù)設(shè)備的使用頻率與聽(tīng)力損失負(fù)相關(guān)(r=-0.231,p0.05),累積噪聲暴露量與聽(tīng)力損失正相關(guān)(r=0.215,p0.05)。 結(jié)論： 選煤廠噪聲污染嚴(yán)重,相關(guān)知識(shí)知曉程度和防護(hù)設(shè)備的使用頻率較低。相關(guān)知識(shí)知曉程度與文化程度、培訓(xùn)情況有關(guān)；防護(hù)設(shè)備使用頻率與文化程度、培訓(xùn)情況、相關(guān)知識(shí)知曉程度有關(guān)；勞動(dòng)者聽(tīng)力損失嚴(yán)重程度與其知識(shí)知曉程度、累積噪聲暴露量、防護(hù)設(shè)備的使用頻率有關(guān)。
[Abstract]:Objective: to investigate the noise exposure and hearing loss of workers in a coal preparation plant in this city, to explore the related factors affecting the hearing loss of workers, and to provide theoretical basis and guidance for the prevention of occupational noise-induced deafness. Methods: the methods of site noise detection, questionnaire survey and occupational health examination were used to investigate the noise exposure and related knowledge of workers in coal preparation plant. The protective measures and hearing loss were investigated cross-sectional. Multiple linear regression analysis was used to analyze the influencing factors of workers' knowledge and hearing loss. Using the method of path analysis, the factors influencing the frequency of labor protection equipment are analyzed. Results: (1) the noise intensity in the workplace was between 70.0dB (A) and 99.3dB (A), and the LEX,8h (equivalent sound level of 8 hours) was between 77.8dB (A) and 93.9dB (A). 38.8% of them were above 85dB (A). The cumulative noise exposure (Cumulative Noise Exposure, CNE) of workers was between 79.8dB (A) and 108.4dB (A), in which more than 100dB (A) accounted for 19. 8%. (2) the knowledge of noise related knowledge is related to the worker's education level and participation in the training of related noise knowledge. The training of noise-related knowledge was positively correlated with the level of awareness (r = 0.409, p 0.05), and the level of education was positively correlated with the degree of awareness (r = 0.471p / 0.05). (3) 29.3% of the subjects used protective equipment every time. The frequency of noise protection equipment was directly affected by the knowledge level (尾 = 0.409 p0.05). The training of noise-related knowledge has an indirect effect on the frequency of use of protective equipment through the level of knowledge (尾 = 0.168p0.05). The educational level of workers had indirect influence on the frequency of using protective equipment through the degree of knowledge (尾 = 0.110p 0.05). (4) the degree of hearing loss is related to the knowledge of workers' noise, the frequency of use of labor protection equipment, and the cumulative exposure of workers to noise. The awareness of noise-related knowledge was negatively correlated with hearing loss (r-0.262, p0.05), and the frequency of use of protective equipment was negatively correlated with hearing loss (r-0.231, p0.05). Cumulative noise exposure was positively correlated with hearing loss (r = 0.215, p 0.05). Conclusion: the noise pollution of coal preparation plant is serious, the knowledge level and the use frequency of protective equipment are low. The degree of knowledge of relevant knowledge is related to the level of education and training, and the frequency of use of protective equipment is related to the level of education, training, and the degree of knowledge of relevant knowledge. The severity of hearing loss is related to the degree of knowledge, cumulative noise exposure and the frequency of use of protective equipment.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：山西醫(yī)科大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2013
【分類號(hào)】：R134

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