【摘要】：目的調(diào)查成都市7~16歲兒童青少年青春期發(fā)育現(xiàn)狀并分析影響其發(fā)育的相關(guān)家庭因素,為了解其生長(zhǎng)發(fā)育長(zhǎng)期趨勢(shì)及影響因素提供科學(xué)依據(jù)。方法采用整群抽樣法選取成都市1 810名7~16歲兒童青少年作為研究對(duì)象,采用現(xiàn)場(chǎng)觀測(cè)和問(wèn)卷調(diào)查的方法收集其青春期發(fā)育狀況及相關(guān)家庭因素信息。結(jié)果成都市男孩睪丸發(fā)育啟動(dòng)中位年齡為11.90歲,陰毛發(fā)育為12.80歲,初次遺精(以下簡(jiǎn)稱"初遺")中位年齡為13.00歲;女孩乳房發(fā)育啟動(dòng)中位年齡為10.74歲,陰毛發(fā)育為11.60歲,初潮中位年齡為12.23歲。相比已初遺組男孩,未初遺組男孩父母親受教育水平較低,父母親職業(yè)為務(wù)農(nóng)者所占比例較大(χ2值分別為16.30,29.65,P值均0.05);女孩初潮情況與父母親受教育水平及職業(yè)的關(guān)系與男孩初遺情況相似(P值均0.05);相反,乳房發(fā)育程度較高的女孩父母親受教育水平較低,父母親職業(yè)為務(wù)農(nóng)者所占比例較高(χ2值分別為31.81,43.02,P值均0.05)。綜合青春期不同階段指標(biāo),男女生中均發(fā)現(xiàn),相比未發(fā)育組及發(fā)育早期組兒童,發(fā)育晚期組兒童父母親受教育水平較低(男孩父母低受教育水平的比例分別為18.58%和24.26%,女孩分別為23.21%和27.05%),父母親職業(yè)為務(wù)農(nóng)者所占比例較大(男孩分別為16.84%和19.78%,女孩分別為23.97%和26.45%)(P值均0.05)。結(jié)論相比我國(guó)東、中部城市和歐美國(guó)家,成都市兒童青少年睪丸、乳房開(kāi)始發(fā)育較晚,發(fā)生初遺初潮較早。影響其青春期發(fā)育的主要家庭因素為父母親的受教育水平及職業(yè)。
[Abstract]:Objective to investigate the present situation of adolescent development of 7- and 16-year-old children in Chengdu and analyze the related family factors affecting their development, so as to provide scientific basis for understanding the long-term trends and influencing factors of their growth and development. Methods 1810 children and adolescents aged 7 to 16 years old in Chengdu were selected by cluster sampling, and the information of puberty development and related family factors were collected by field observation and questionnaire survey. Results the median age of testicular development was 11.90 years old, pubic hair development was 12.80 years old, and the median age of primary spermatozoa was 13.00 years old. The median age of breast development was 10.74 years old, pubic hair development was 11.60 years, and menarche was 12.23 years old. Compared with the boys in the primary group, the education level of the parents was lower and the proportion of the parents working in agriculture was higher (蠂 ~ 2 = 16.30 ~ 29.65, P = 0.05). The relationship between the menarche of girls and their parents' education level and occupation was similar to that of boys (P < 0.05). On the contrary, girls with higher breast development had lower education level and higher proportion of parents working in agriculture (蠂 ~ 2 = 31.81, P = 43.02, P = 0.05). Combined with the indicators of different stages of puberty, boys and girls found that, compared with undeveloped and early stage children, In the late developmental group, the educational level of parents was lower (18.58% and 24.26% for boys and 23.21% and 27.05% for girls, respectively). The proportion of parents working in agriculture was higher (16.84% and 19.78% for boys, 23.97% and 26.45% for girls, respectively). Conclusion compared with the eastern and central cities of China and the European and American countries, the testis of children and adolescents in Chengdu began to develop late, and the first period of menarche occurred earlier. The main family factors affecting their puberty development are their parents' education level and occupation.
【作者單位】： 四川大學(xué)華西公共衛(wèi)生學(xué)院營(yíng)養(yǎng)食品衛(wèi)生與毒理學(xué)系;上海交通大學(xué)附屬上海市第一人民醫(yī)院;
【基金】：達(dá)能營(yíng)養(yǎng)中心膳食營(yíng)養(yǎng)研究與宣教基金項(xiàng)目(DIC2012-10)
【分類號(hào)】：R179

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