【摘要】：目的通過對溫州市老年人健康與營養(yǎng)狀況的調(diào)查研究,可以為改善養(yǎng)老院老年人生活質(zhì)量提供科學(xué)的依據(jù),為養(yǎng)老機(jī)構(gòu)的發(fā)展提供具體的建議。 方法2009年9月至2009年10月整群抽取溫州市兩所養(yǎng)老院240名有生活自理能力的老人作為研究對象,對其體格狀況、慢性病患病情況以及營養(yǎng)狀況進(jìn)行調(diào)查,分析各年齡段人群肥胖患病率、高血壓、高血糖及血脂異常的發(fā)生率,并對老年人每日攝入食物的消費(fèi)量情況進(jìn)行調(diào)查,采用稱重法進(jìn)行連續(xù)3天膳食調(diào)查,稱量食堂每日每餐各種飯菜食物烹調(diào)前的生重、烹調(diào)后的熟重、吃剩的重量,記錄出售的份數(shù),計(jì)算每份飯菜中各種食物重量,記錄每餐每種飯菜的進(jìn)餐人數(shù),進(jìn)餐者記錄每餐所進(jìn)食的飯菜名稱,同時(shí)記錄每日水果及飲品的攝入量。并用LKAT軟件計(jì)算平均每人每日食物、能量及各種營養(yǎng)素的攝入量。 結(jié)果養(yǎng)老院老年人中超重及肥胖分別為23.7%、15%,老年人隨著年齡的增長體重呈逐漸下降趨勢。老年人貧血檢出率為12.9%,且男性檢出率明顯高于女性(P0.05)；高血壓占53.3%,血糖升高者占22.9%,血脂異常者中,TC升高者占36.9%,且男性發(fā)生率明顯低于女性(P0.05)；TG升高者占36.3%。對養(yǎng)老院老年人營養(yǎng)調(diào)查顯示,老年人能量、蛋白質(zhì)、維生素B1、維生素PP、鐵、鋅攝入量較充裕。但維生素B2和維生素C缺乏,維生素A和鈣缺乏嚴(yán)重。 結(jié)論高血壓、高血糖、高血脂的檢出率較高,應(yīng)對其進(jìn)行護(hù)理干預(yù),定期健康體檢,進(jìn)行做到早發(fā)現(xiàn)、早診斷、早治療是極為重要的。在營養(yǎng)方面,養(yǎng)老院老年人膳食結(jié)構(gòu)不合理,應(yīng)制定合理營養(yǎng)平衡膳食制度,以保證老年人營養(yǎng)均衡。
[Abstract]:Objective to investigate the health and nutrition status of the elderly in Wenzhou City, and to provide a scientific basis for improving the quality of life of the elderly in nursing homes, and to provide specific suggestions for the development of pension institutions. Methods from September 2009 to October 2009, 240 elderly people with self-care ability in two nursing homes in Wenzhou City were selected by cluster sampling, and their physical condition, chronic disease and nutritional status were investigated. The prevalence of obesity, hypertension, hyperglycemia and dyslipidemia in different age groups were analyzed. The daily food consumption of the elderly was investigated, and the dietary survey was carried out for 3 consecutive days by weighing method. Weighing the weight of every meal in the canteen before cooking, the weight of cooked food after cooking, the weight of leftovers, recording the number of portions sold, calculating the weight of each meal, and recording the number of meals for each meal, The diner recorded the meal name for each meal and the daily intake of fruit and drinks. The average daily intake of food, energy and nutrients was calculated by LKAT software. Results the overweight and obesity of elderly in nursing home were 23. 7 and 15, respectively. The weight of elderly decreased gradually with the increase of age. The prevalence rate of anemia in the elderly was 12.9, and the positive rate of male was significantly higher than that of female (P0.05). Hypertension accounted for 53.3%, blood glucose increased 22.9%, abnormal blood lipids accounted for 36.9%, and the incidence of male was significantly lower than that of female (P0.05); TG increased 36.3%). The nutritional survey of the elderly in nursing homes showed that the elderly had abundant intake of energy, protein, vitamin B1, vitamin PP, iron and zinc. But vitamin B2 and vitamin C deficiency, vitamin A and calcium deficiency is serious. Conclusion the detection rate of hypertension, hyperglycemia and hyperlipidemia is high. It is very important to carry out nursing intervention, regular physical examination, early detection, early diagnosis and early treatment. In the aspect of nutrition, the diet structure of the elderly in nursing home is unreasonable, so we should establish a reasonable nutrition balanced diet system to ensure the nutrition balance of the elderly.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：安徽醫(yī)科大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2012
【分類號】：R153.3

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