【摘要】：目的為了解寧夏五縣農(nóng)村育齡婦女的健康狀況及衛(wèi)生服務(wù)情況,探討衛(wèi)生服務(wù)利用的影響因素,為全區(qū)進一步全面推進育齡婦女衛(wèi)生保健工作提出策略性建議。方法本次研究采取多階段分層整群隨機抽樣的方法,對寧夏農(nóng)村常住育齡婦女進行入戶問卷調(diào)查,使用多水平模型分析寧夏五縣農(nóng)村育齡婦女衛(wèi)生服務(wù)利用的影響因素。結(jié)果1、本次共調(diào)查農(nóng)村育齡婦女7154名,平均年齡(31.23±10.46)歲,其中漢族占44.3%,回族占55.2%,其他民族占0.5%。文化程度以小學及以下為主,占53.1%,婚姻狀況以已婚為主,占70.9%,職業(yè)以務(wù)農(nóng)為主,占56.8%,農(nóng)村育齡婦女自評健康狀況良好。2、農(nóng)村育齡婦女的兩周患病率為9.8%,慢性病患病率為10.1%。3、不同年齡組、民族間、文化程度、婚姻狀況和職業(yè)的農(nóng)村育齡婦女兩周患病率和慢性病患病率均存在差異(均為P0.05)。兩周患病率和慢性病患病率均隨著年齡增加而上升,隨文化程度的升高而降低,未婚者最低,務(wù)農(nóng)的育齡婦女高于其他職業(yè),回族高于漢族。4、農(nóng)村育齡婦女兩周患病疾病別構(gòu)成前五位的是:急性鼻咽炎(普通感冒)、流行性感冒、女性生殖器官疾病、椎間盤疾病和上呼吸道感染;慢性病患病疾病別構(gòu)成前五位的是:高血壓病、女性生殖器官疾病、椎間盤疾病、急慢性胃腸炎和上呼吸道感染。5、農(nóng)村育齡婦女兩周就診率為4.6%,兩周患病就診率為47.0%。兩周患病首次就診機構(gòu)主要是縣級醫(yī)院。年住院率為6.9%,住院人次率為8.3%。女性生殖器官疾病排在了住院疾病別構(gòu)成的首位。6、農(nóng)村育齡婦女婦科檢查率為14.8%,產(chǎn)前檢查率為93.1%,產(chǎn)前檢查機構(gòu)主要以縣級以上的醫(yī)院和鄉(xiāng)鎮(zhèn)衛(wèi)生院為主。住院分娩率為93.1%,選擇在縣級醫(yī)院分娩的人最多,在家分娩的主要原因是急產(chǎn)。7、影響寧夏五縣農(nóng)村育齡婦女衛(wèi)生服務(wù)利用的主要因素有年齡、婚姻狀況、文化程度、主要職業(yè)、自我健康狀況評價、到醫(yī)療機構(gòu)的距離和經(jīng)濟狀況。結(jié)論寧夏五縣農(nóng)村育齡婦女的健康狀況相比已得到改善,但由于農(nóng)村的文化教育程度偏低,農(nóng)村女性生殖器官疾病已嚴重威脅了寧夏農(nóng)村育齡婦女的健康狀況,不同人群的衛(wèi)生需求存在差異,因此農(nóng)村育齡婦女對衛(wèi)生服務(wù)利用的水平仍需提高。其中年齡、婚姻狀況、文化程度、主要職業(yè)、自我健康狀況評價、到醫(yī)療機構(gòu)的距離和經(jīng)濟狀況均會不同程度影響其對衛(wèi)生服務(wù)的利用。
[Abstract]:Objective to investigate the health status and health service of rural women of childbearing age in five counties of Ningxia, and to explore the influencing factors of the utilization of health services, and to put forward strategic suggestions for further promoting the health care work of women of childbearing age in the whole district. Methods A multi-stage stratified cluster random sampling method was used to investigate the health service utilization of rural women of childbearing age in rural areas of Ningxia. The factors influencing the utilization of health services of rural women of childbearing age in five counties of Ningxia were analyzed by using multi-level model. Results 1. 7154 rural women of childbearing age were investigated, with an average age of (31.23 鹵10.46) years. The Han nationality accounted for 44.3%, the Hui nationality for 55.2%, and the other nationalities for 0.5 years. The education level was mainly primary school and below (53.1%), marriage status was mainly married (70.9%), occupation was agricultural work (56.8%), and self-rated health status of rural women of childbearing age was good. 2. The two-week prevalence rate of women of childbearing age in rural areas was 9.8 and the prevalence of chronic diseases was 10.1.3. different age groups, ethnic groups, and education levels, There were significant differences in the prevalence of two weeks and chronic diseases among rural women of childbearing age in marriage status and occupation (P0.05). The prevalence rate of two weeks and chronic diseases increased with the increase of age and decreased with the increase of education level. The unmarried women were the lowest, the women of child-bearing age were higher than those of other occupations, and the Hui nationality was higher than the Han nationality. The first five diseases of rural women of childbearing age in two weeks were acute nasopharyngitis (common cold), influenza, female reproductive organ disease, intervertebral disc disease and upper respiratory tract infection; The top five diseases of chronic diseases were hypertension, female genital disease, intervertebral disc disease, acute and chronic gastroenteritis and upper respiratory tract infection. The rate of seeing a doctor in two weeks was 47.0. The first visit to the hospital in two weeks was mainly county-level hospital. The annual hospitalization rate was 6.9 and the hospitalization rate was 8.3. Female genital diseases ranked first among the hospitalized diseases. 6. The gynecological examination rate of rural women of childbearing age was 14.8 and the antenatal examination rate was 93.1. The main antenatal examination institutions were hospitals above county level and township health centers. The rate of in-hospital delivery was 93.1, and the number of people who gave birth in county hospitals was the most, and the main reason of home delivery was the urgent delivery. 7. The main factors affecting the utilization of health services for rural women of childbearing age in five counties of Ningxia were age, marital status, and education level. Major occupations, self-assessment of health status, distance to medical institutions and financial status. Conclusion the health status of rural women of childbearing age in five counties of Ningxia has been improved, but because of the low level of education in rural areas, the reproductive organ diseases of rural women have seriously threatened the health status of women of childbearing age in rural areas of Ningxia. There are differences in health demand among different population groups, so the utilization of health services for rural women of childbearing age still needs to be improved. Among them, age, marital status, education level, major occupation, self-health status evaluation, distance to medical institution and economic status will affect the utilization of health services to varying degrees.
【學位授予單位】：寧夏醫(yī)科大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：R173

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