發(fā)布時(shí)間：2018-10-26 07:28

【摘要】：目的：調(diào)查圍生期孕產(chǎn)婦的膳食營養(yǎng)相關(guān)母嬰健康素養(yǎng)現(xiàn)狀，分析其可能的影響因素，為針對(duì)性地開展健康教育，制定健康促進(jìn)策略，提高孕產(chǎn)婦的健康素養(yǎng)水平提供依據(jù)。 方法：參照衛(wèi)生部2012年發(fā)布的《母嬰健康素養(yǎng)——基本知識(shí)與技能》相關(guān)內(nèi)容，設(shè)計(jì)《膳食營養(yǎng)相關(guān)母嬰健康素養(yǎng)》調(diào)查問卷，內(nèi)容包括基本知識(shí)、生活方式與行為、基本技能。隨機(jī)選取長春市婦產(chǎn)醫(yī)院產(chǎn)科住院的產(chǎn)前2天至產(chǎn)后5天的單胎孕產(chǎn)婦作為調(diào)查對(duì)象。調(diào)查問卷現(xiàn)場回收。共回收有效問卷431份。問卷數(shù)據(jù)采用SPSS17.0軟件進(jìn)行統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)分析。計(jì)量資料的比較采用t檢驗(yàn)，計(jì)數(shù)資料的比較采用χ2檢驗(yàn)。 結(jié)果： 1.基本知識(shí) 被調(diào)查者的知識(shí)評(píng)分，，盡管大專以上組高于高中以下組、城市組高于鄉(xiāng)鎮(zhèn)組，但各組的評(píng)分?jǐn)?shù)均低于60分。尤其是，對(duì)于孕前體重正常者的孕期體重適宜增加值、增補(bǔ)葉酸的目的、孕期增補(bǔ)葉酸的至少持續(xù)時(shí)間、孕期增補(bǔ)葉酸的最好持續(xù)時(shí)間、正常育齡孕婦每日增補(bǔ)葉酸的正確劑量、孕中期、孕后期及哺乳期的鈣適宜攝入量、乳類是鈣的最好食物來源、維生素C促進(jìn)鐵的吸收利用、孕婦血紅蛋白正常值、孕婦正常血壓、巨大兒的含義、低出生體重兒的含義、正常足月新生兒的出生體重范圍值、新生兒滿月時(shí)體重最佳增長值、新生兒出生后開始喂奶的適宜時(shí)間、嬰兒添加輔食后繼續(xù)母乳喂養(yǎng)至2歲或2歲以上、正常足月新生兒出生后6個(gè)月內(nèi)一般不用補(bǔ)鈣、孕婦飲酒損害胎兒發(fā)育，其知曉率均不足60%。 2.生活方式 孕期不飲酒、每天進(jìn)行30分鐘以上適宜運(yùn)動(dòng)、監(jiān)測血壓、孕24周～28周篩查糖尿病、孕前3個(gè)月至孕后3個(gè)月增補(bǔ)葉酸、適量補(bǔ)鈣者均為60%以上；孕期每天乳類攝入量不少于300克、適量補(bǔ)鐵、新生兒出生后1小時(shí)內(nèi)開始喂母乳、按需哺乳者，均不足60%。其中，孕期適量補(bǔ)鈣者，高中以下組少于大專以上組，鄉(xiāng)鎮(zhèn)組少于城市組；孕期監(jiān)測血壓者，鄉(xiāng)鎮(zhèn)組少于城市組。 3.基本技能 基本技能的認(rèn)同及形成率不足60%的包括：嬰兒的咀嚼能力從出生后7～8個(gè)月開始鍛煉，10～12個(gè)月培養(yǎng)嬰兒自己用勺進(jìn)食，為嬰兒添加的非乳類食物注意無鹽、注意不加調(diào)味品，嬰兒發(fā)生腹瀉時(shí)及時(shí)補(bǔ)充液體、不用糖水代替母乳、無需禁食。其中，對(duì)于一些基本技能的認(rèn)同及形成率，高中以下組低于大專以上組，鄉(xiāng)鎮(zhèn)組低于城市組。 結(jié)論： 1.被調(diào)查的圍生期孕產(chǎn)婦健康素養(yǎng)的知識(shí)和技能總體水平不高。 2.孕產(chǎn)婦的膳食營養(yǎng)相關(guān)母嬰健康素養(yǎng)水平存在城鄉(xiāng)差異。城市孕產(chǎn)婦的基本知識(shí)水平、合理生活方式、基本技能的認(rèn)同和形成率高于鄉(xiāng)鎮(zhèn)。 3.孕產(chǎn)婦的膳食營養(yǎng)相關(guān)母嬰健康素養(yǎng)水平與文化程度有關(guān)。文化教育水平較高者的膳食營養(yǎng)相關(guān)知識(shí)水平、合理生活方式、基本技能的認(rèn)同和形成率高于文化教育水平較低者。
[Abstract]:Objective: to investigate the status quo of maternal and infant health literacy related to dietary nutrition in perinatal period and analyze its possible influencing factors so as to provide basis for health education and health promotion strategy to improve maternal health literacy. Methods: according to the related contents of "Maternal and Child Health Literacy-basic knowledge and skills" issued by Ministry of Health in 2012, a questionnaire was designed for "Dietary Nutrition related Maternal and Child Health Literacy", which included basic knowledge, lifestyle and behavior. Basic skills Single pregnant women in Changchun Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital from 2 days to 5 days after delivery were randomly selected as investigation objects. The questionnaire was collected on the spot. A total of 431 valid questionnaires were collected. The questionnaire data were analyzed by SPSS17.0 software. T test was used to compare measurement data and 蠂 2 test was used to compare counting data. Results: 1. The score of knowledge of the subjects of basic knowledge was lower than that of the junior high school group and the urban group, but the score of the urban group was lower than that of the township group, but the score of each group was lower than 60 points. In particular, for those with normal pre-pregnancy weight gain, for the purpose of folic acid supplementation, for at least the duration of the supplementation of folic acid during pregnancy, and for the best duration of the supplementation of folic acid during pregnancy, Pregnant women of normal reproductive age supplement the correct dose of folic acid daily, the appropriate intake of calcium in the second trimester, the second trimester of pregnancy and the lactation period, milk is the best food source of calcium, vitamin C promotes the absorption and utilization of iron, and the normal value of maternal hemoglobin, Normal blood pressure of pregnant women, meaning of macrosomia, meaning of low birth weight infants, range of birth weight of normal full-term newborns, optimum weight gain value of newborns at full moon, suitable time for newborns to start feeding after birth, Infants continue to breastfeed until 2 years old or above after supplementary feeding, normal full-term newborns generally do not need to supplement calcium within 6 months after birth, pregnant women drink damage to fetal development, their awareness rate is less than 60%. 2. Life style pregnancy does not drink alcohol, do more than 30 minutes of exercise every day, monitoring blood pressure, 24 weeks to 28 weeks of gestation screening diabetes, 3 months before pregnancy to 3 months after pregnancy supplemented folic acid, adequate calcium is more than 60%; The intake of milk during pregnancy is not less than 300 grams, the amount of iron supplements is adequate, the newborn begins to breastfeed within 1 hour after birth, and the suckling according to need is less than 60. Among them, moderate calcium supplementation during pregnancy was less than that in junior high school group, township group was less than urban group, and blood pressure monitoring during pregnancy was less in township group than in urban group. 3. The rate of identification and formation of basic skills was less than 60%. The chewing ability of infants began to exercise from 7 to 8 months after birth, and the infants were trained to eat on their own at 10 ~ 12 months. The non-milk food added to the baby should have no salt, no seasoning, no sugary water instead of breast milk and no fasting. Among them, for some basic skills identification and formation rate, the group below senior middle school is lower than the group above college, the group of towns is lower than the group of city. Conclusion: 1. The general level of knowledge and skills of perinatal maternal health literacy was not high. 2. Maternal dietary nutrition related to maternal and child health literacy levels exist urban and rural differences. The recognition and formation rate of basic knowledge, life style and basic skills of urban pregnant and lying-in women are higher than that of villages and towns. 3. The level of maternal and infant health literacy related to dietary nutrition is related to the education level. The knowledge level of dietary nutrition, reasonable life style, basic skills identification and formation rate of those with higher level of culture and education were higher than those with lower level of culture and education.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：吉林大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2013
【分類號(hào)】：R153.1

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