【摘要】：垃圾瀝濾液是城市生活垃圾焚燒發(fā)電處理過程中產(chǎn)生的二次污染物，它是一種烏黑發(fā)臭、成分復(fù)雜、有機(jī)物和氨氮含量高的廢水。瀝濾液中含有具有致癌、致畸、致突變的有機(jī)污染物，其處理不當(dāng)會(huì)對(duì)環(huán)境造成影響，進(jìn)而危害人類的健康。在實(shí)際運(yùn)行中，垃圾焚燒發(fā)電廠面臨垃圾瀝濾液處理的技術(shù)難題。工業(yè)上常采用生物法對(duì)瀝濾液進(jìn)行預(yù)處理，但預(yù)處理后廢水仍具有較高COD、NH_3-N含量，需進(jìn)行深度處理。 電化學(xué)氧化處理法因具有占用空間小、幾乎不消耗化學(xué)試劑、反應(yīng)速率快、氧化徹底、二次污染小等特點(diǎn)，而引起大家的廣泛關(guān)注。本研究著眼于垃圾瀝濾液的無害化處理，在瀝濾液生物法處理的基礎(chǔ)上，結(jié)合生化出水中高氯離子濃度的特點(diǎn)，建立起利用間接氧化為主的電化學(xué)深度處理方法。課題面向工業(yè)實(shí)際應(yīng)用，設(shè)計(jì)了能連續(xù)動(dòng)態(tài)處理廢水的電化學(xué)反應(yīng)器，優(yōu)化了反應(yīng)器的結(jié)構(gòu)參數(shù)，并對(duì)電化學(xué)反應(yīng)器的運(yùn)行能耗進(jìn)行了評(píng)價(jià)，以實(shí)現(xiàn)垃圾瀝濾液的低成本處理和資源化利用。 實(shí)驗(yàn)以鈦基氧化釕—氧化銥涂層電極（Ti/RuO_2-IrO_2）作為陽極，304鋼板作為陰極，開展了電化學(xué)氧化去除廢水中難生物降解有機(jī)物、膠體、氨氮的研究。探索了電化學(xué)氧化過程重要工藝參數(shù)對(duì)垃圾瀝濾液生化出水中COD去除的影響規(guī)律，結(jié)果表明：在電流密度65.35mA·cm~(-2)、反應(yīng)器內(nèi)表觀流速2.72cm·s~(-1)、初始氯離子含量5000mg·L~(-1)、極間距10mm的條件下，反應(yīng)進(jìn)行1h時(shí)COD可降到100mg·L~(-1)下�？疾炝穗娀瘜W(xué)處理時(shí)間、比電極面積和處理后廢水的靜置時(shí)間等參數(shù)對(duì)膠體脫除的影響，結(jié)果表明：處理后廢水的過濾性能較生化原液得到很大提高。采用GC-MS分析了電化學(xué)氧化過程中廢水體系有機(jī)污染物的降解機(jī)理，發(fā)現(xiàn)處理過程有氯代有機(jī)物生成。最后，通過斑馬魚急性毒性實(shí)驗(yàn)測(cè)得：生化出水對(duì)斑馬魚存在急性毒性，電化學(xué)處理后出水中因氯代有機(jī)物的生成，其也存在環(huán)境毒性，，須避免氯代有機(jī)物的二次污染。 實(shí)驗(yàn)從反應(yīng)器的設(shè)計(jì)、工藝參數(shù)的優(yōu)化、過程機(jī)理的分析、環(huán)境毒性的評(píng)價(jià)四個(gè)角度探索了電化學(xué)法的可行性。本研究表明，電化學(xué)法能很好的去除垃圾瀝濾液生化出水中的COD、NH_3-N、色度、膠體等，整個(gè)過程操作簡(jiǎn)單，調(diào)控方便，方法的工業(yè)應(yīng)用前景廣闊。
[Abstract]:Municipal solid waste leachate is a secondary pollutant produced in the process of municipal solid waste incineration and power generation treatment. It is a kind of wastewater with black odor complex composition and high content of organic matter and ammonia nitrogen. Leachate contains organic pollutants which are carcinogenic teratogenic and mutagenic. Improper treatment of leachate will affect the environment and endanger human health. In actual operation, the waste incineration power plant faces the technical problem of waste leachate treatment. Biofiltration is often used to pretreat leachate in industry, but the wastewater still has high COD,NH_3-N content after pretreatment, which requires advanced treatment. Electrochemical oxidation treatment has attracted wide attention due to its advantages of small space, almost no consumption of chemical reagents, fast reaction rate, thorough oxidation and low secondary pollution. Based on the biological treatment of leachate and the characteristics of high chloride ion concentration in the biochemical effluent, an advanced electrochemical treatment method with indirect oxidation was established. For the practical application of industry, an electrochemical reactor was designed to treat wastewater continuously and dynamically, the structure parameters of the reactor were optimized, and the energy consumption of the electrochemical reactor was evaluated. In order to achieve the waste leachate low-cost treatment and utilization of resources. The removal of refractory organic matter colloid and ammonia nitrogen from wastewater by electrochemical oxidation was studied using titanium based ruthenium oxide iridium oxide coated electrode (Ti/RuO_2-IrO_2) as anode and 304 steel plate as cathode. The effect of the important process parameters of electrochemical oxidation on the removal of COD in biochemical effluent of waste leachate was investigated. The results showed that under the conditions of current density 65.35mA cm~ (-2), apparent flow rate 2.72cm s-1, initial chlorine content 5000mg L ~ (-1), and polar spacing 10mm, the effect of electrochemical oxidation process on the removal of COD from waste leachate was studied. When the reaction was carried out for 1 h, the COD could be reduced to 100mg L ~ (-1). The effects of electrochemical treatment time, specific electrode area and static time of treated wastewater on colloid removal were investigated. The results showed that the filtration performance of treated wastewater was much better than that of biochemical raw liquor. The degradation mechanism of organic pollutants in wastewater system during electrochemical oxidation was analyzed by GC-MS, and chlorinated organic compounds were found in the treatment process. Finally, through the acute toxicity test of zebrafish, it was found that the biodegradable effluent had acute toxicity to zebrafish, and the secondary pollution of chlorinated organic compounds should be avoided because of the formation of chlorinated organic compounds in the effluent after electrochemical treatment. The feasibility of electrochemical method was explored from four aspects: reactor design, optimization of process parameters, analysis of process mechanism and evaluation of environmental toxicity. The results show that the electrochemical method can remove the COD,NH_3-N, chromaticity and colloid of the waste leachate, the whole process is simple and easy to adjust and control, and the industrial application prospect of the method is broad.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：重慶理工大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2013
【分類號(hào)】：R124.3;X703

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