【摘要】：本文以提取完茶油后的茶渣為原料,研究了超聲波輔助乙醇提取茶皂素的,同時(shí)用AB-8大孔樹(shù)脂對(duì)粗茶皂素進(jìn)行純化。根據(jù)茶皂素的性能特點(diǎn),考查其抗氧化性及抗菌能力。通過(guò)酸水解法將茶皂苷水解為單糖和皂苷,TLC(薄層層析法)確定單糖組成,HPLC-UV及紅外光譜初步確定皂苷的結(jié)構(gòu)。主要研究結(jié)果如下： 1、通過(guò)與水浸法和乙醇溶液浸提法進(jìn)行比較,確定超聲波輔助乙醇提取茶皂素是一種切實(shí)可行的方法。通過(guò)響應(yīng)曲面優(yōu)化試驗(yàn)得出最佳工藝參數(shù)為：超聲波功率800W,頻率20kHz,乙醇體積分?jǐn)?shù)為70%,料液比為1：10,浸提溫度60℃,超聲時(shí)間30min,提取2次,提取率達(dá)89.8543±0.4858%； 2、選用AB-8大孔樹(shù)脂對(duì)茶皂素進(jìn)行純化。其靜態(tài)飽和吸附量為0.0356g/g干樹(shù)脂,靜態(tài)解析率為94.15%。在上樣液濃度為10mg/mL、pH6.3左右,上樣液流速2BV/h條件下達(dá)到較好的吸附效果。經(jīng)蒸餾水、0.2%NaOH溶液、25%、45%、65%、85%、95%乙醇溶液梯度洗脫,收集65%乙醇洗脫液,用HPLC檢測(cè)茶皂素純度可達(dá)80.56%； 3、10%HCL溶液對(duì)純化后的茶皂素于沸水浴中酸水解5h,得酸水解液和皂苷元沉淀,TLC法分析皂苷和酸水解中單糖的組成。結(jié)果表明：茶皂素中所含的單糖只有葡萄糖,而皂苷可能含有兩種物質(zhì)； 4、HPLC-UV-MS對(duì)皂苷進(jìn)行檢測(cè),發(fā)現(xiàn)酸水解后的皂苷元可能含有三種同分異構(gòu)體,其分子質(zhì)量大約在1521左右。皂苷的初步結(jié)構(gòu)接合紅外光譜(IR)可得出； 5、由還原力測(cè)定、清除Tris體系產(chǎn)生的超氧陰離子自由基能力測(cè)定、清除羥自由基能力測(cè)定及DPPH實(shí)驗(yàn)等,確定茶皂素樣品抗氧化能力顯著。對(duì)金黃色葡萄球菌、大腸桿菌、枯草芽孢桿菌的抑菌實(shí)驗(yàn)表明,茶皂素溶液對(duì)這三種菌均有抑制作用。其中,當(dāng)其水溶液的濃度為5mg/mL時(shí),對(duì)大腸桿菌和枯草芽孢桿菌有抑制作用,而10mg/mL時(shí)對(duì)金黃色葡萄球菌起抑制作用。 通常,茶籽餅提取完茶油后絕大部分的茶粕通常作為一些無(wú)鰓動(dòng)物的飼料或是廢棄。茶籽中含有10%～13%茶皂素,因此,將提油后剩余的茶粕作為原料來(lái)提取當(dāng)中的茶皂素,對(duì)提高茶籽餅的綜合利用率和利用價(jià)值具有較大的現(xiàn)實(shí)意義。相比已有的提取方法,超聲波輔助提取法用時(shí)短、耗能低、茶皂素的提取率明顯提高。
[Abstract]:In this paper, the extraction of tea saponin from tea dregs after extraction of tea oil by ultrasonic assisted ethanol was studied. The crude tea saponin was purified by AB-8 macroporous resin. According to the characteristic of tea saponin, the anti-oxidation and anti-bacterial ability of tea saponin were investigated. The composition of monosaccharide was determined by acid hydrolysis method, and the structure of saponins was preliminarily determined by HPLC-UV and IR spectra, which were used to hydrolyze thesaponins into monosaccharides and saponins by thin layer chromatography (TLC). The main results are as follows: 1. Compared with the water immersion method and the ethanol solution extraction method, the ultrasonic assisted ethanol extraction of tea saponin is a feasible method. The optimum technological parameters are as follows: ultrasonic power 800 W, frequency 20 kHz, ethanol volume fraction 70, ratio of material to liquid 1: 10, extraction temperature 60 鈩，

本文編號(hào)：2264170