【摘要】：目的：了解某地食品中鉛、鎘、汞、鋁、甜蜜素、糖精鈉、亞硝酸鹽及黃曲霉毒素B1、B2、G1、G2、M1等8種主要化學(xué)污染物及有害因素污染狀況，為食品安全監(jiān)管提供依據(jù)。 方法： 抽樣方法：采用多級分層抽樣。 監(jiān)測網(wǎng)：依托該地疾控系統(tǒng)現(xiàn)有理化實驗室，在轄區(qū)24個行政區(qū)域設(shè)置監(jiān)測點開展采樣與檢測。 分析方法：采用SAS9.13軟件對收集的資料進行統(tǒng)計分析，主要包括描述性分析和單因素檢驗，當理論頻數(shù)小于1時，采用Fisher確切概率法， P0.05認為2差異有統(tǒng)計學(xué)意義。 結(jié)果： 1.該地食品總體合格率94.93%（2623/2763），8種物質(zhì)超標率分別為：鉛5.6%（35/624）、鎘3.27%（20/611）、汞1.6%（10/622）、鋁24%（24/100）、黃曲霉毒素0%（0/140）、甜蜜素12.08%（18/149）、糖精鈉8.16%（12/147）、亞硝酸鹽3.89%（7/180）。 2.與全國平均水平比較結(jié)果：食品中蔬菜鉛超標率達13.6%，高于全國平均水平6.8%；蛋類鉛超標率6.64%；高于全國平均水平5.8%。糧食鎘超標率5.46%，高于全國平均水平2.1%；肉類鎘超標率6.6%，高于全國平均水平2.0%。油餅油條鋁超標率達82%，高于全國平均水平64.5%。醬腌制蔬菜類甜蜜素超標率11.3%，高于全國平均水平10.2%；酒甜蜜素超標率33.3%，高于全國平均水平26.6%。酒糖精鈉超標率32.1%，高于全國平均水平16.6%。 3.2010年鉛、豬腎鎘、汞和醬腌制蔬菜類甜蜜素等物質(zhì)的超標率以及糧食制品中鋁平均含量均低于2009年，呈下降趨勢。油炸食品中2010年鋁平均含量是2009年的2.46倍，呈上升趨勢。 4.城市與農(nóng)村、以及大中小城市比較結(jié)果：城市食品的鉛超標率4.0%，低于農(nóng)村10.6%。大城市食品鉛超標率9.7%、中等城市5.5%、小城市3.9%。城市食品中鎘超標率2.7%，低于農(nóng)村5.6%。城市食品中汞超標率0.8%，低于農(nóng)村4.6%。大城市食品的汞超標率3.9%、中等城市2.8%、小城市0.3%。大城市食品的甜蜜素超標率0%、中等城市10.1%、小城市21.7%。大城市食品的糖精鈉超標率0%、中等城市0%、小城市26.1%。以上單因素分析結(jié)果差異均有統(tǒng)計學(xué)意義。 結(jié)論：該地食品污染狀況需要引起關(guān)注，監(jiān)管部門今后應(yīng)加強對各類食品的監(jiān)測及安全監(jiān)管，并科學(xué)發(fā)布預(yù)警信息引導(dǎo)公眾正確消費。
[Abstract]:Objective: to investigate the pollution status of lead, cadmium, mercury, aluminum, cyclamate, saccharin sodium, nitrite and aflatoxin B1B2G1G2G2OM1 in food in order to provide basis for food safety supervision. Methods: sampling method: multistage stratified sampling was used. Monitoring network: based on the existing physical and chemical laboratory of the disease control system, 24 administrative areas in the jurisdiction set up monitoring points to carry out sampling and testing. Methods: SAS9.13 software was used to analyze the collected data, including descriptive analysis and single factor test. When the theoretical frequency was less than 1, the Fisher exact probability method was used. Results: 1. The total qualified rate of food in this area was 94.93% (2623 / 2763), and the surpassing rates of eight substances were: lead 5.6% (35 / 624), cadmium 3.27% (20 / 611), mercury 1.6% (10 / 622), aluminum 24% (24 / 100), aflatoxin 0% (0 / 140), cyclamate 12.08% (18 / 149), sodium saccharin 8.16% (12 / 147), nitrite 3.89% (7180). The results of comparison with the national average showed that the percentage of lead in vegetables exceeded the national standard by 13.6a, which was higher than the national average by 6.8 percent, the egg lead exceeded the standard by 6.64percent, and was higher than the national average by 5.8. The exceeding rate of grain cadmium is 5.46, which is higher than the national average level of 2.1, and the rate of meat cadmium exceeding the standard is 6.6, which is higher than the national average level of 2.0. Cruller Youtiao exceeded the standard by 82 percent, higher than the national average of 64.5. The over-standard rate of marinated vegetable cyclamate was 11.3, which was higher than the national average of 10.2, and the rate of cyclamate exceeded the national standard was 33.3, which was higher than the national average 26.6. The surpassing rate of saccharin sodium was 32.1g, which was higher than the national average level of 16.66.3.The exceeding standard rate of lead, pig kidney cadmium, mercury and marinated vegetable cyclamate in 2010 and the average content of aluminum in grain products were all lower than that in 2009, showing a downward trend. The average aluminum content in fried foods in 2010 was 2. 46 times higher than in 2009, with an upward trend of 4. 4%. The results of comparison between urban and rural, as well as large and medium-sized cities: the lead excess rate of urban food was 4.0, lower than that of rural 10.6. Food lead exceeded the standard rate of 9.7% in big cities, 5.5 in medium cities, 3.9 in small cities. The rate of exceeding the standard of cadmium in urban food was 2.7%, which was lower than that in rural area (5.6%). The mercury excess rate in urban food was 0.8, which was lower than that in rural areas. The mercury excess rate of food in big cities is 3.9 percent, that in medium cities is 2.8 percent, and that in small cities is 0.3 percent. The rate of cyclamate exceeded the standard for mega-city food is 0, medium city is 10. 1 and small city is 21. 7. The sugar sodium of the big city food exceeds the standard rate 0, the middle city 0, the small city 26. 1. The results of single factor analysis were statistically significant. Conclusion: the situation of food pollution in this area needs to be paid attention to. The supervision department should strengthen the monitoring and safety supervision of all kinds of food in the future, and issue early warning information scientifically to guide the public to consume correctly.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：重慶醫(yī)科大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2012
【分類號】：R155.5

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