鞍鋼射線測厚儀放射防護狀況的調(diào)查與分析
發(fā)布時間：2018-08-27 12:34
【摘要】：目的：旨在了解鞍鋼射線測厚儀防護狀況，為企業(yè)輻射防護管理提供技術(shù)支持。 方法：對鞍鋼公司現(xiàn)有108個測厚儀（含5個凸度儀）進行輻射劑量水平監(jiān)測，對412名放射工作人員進行個人劑量監(jiān)測和職業(yè)健康檢查。并對結(jié)果進行統(tǒng)計分析。 結(jié)果：①射線測厚儀使用狀況：鞍鋼公司現(xiàn)有108個測厚儀（含凸度儀5個），其中：同位素測厚儀52.8%（57/108），X射線測厚儀47.2%(51/108,含凸度儀5個）。 Ⅱ類137Cs密封源（10.19%，11/108）使用在厚板熱軋線的穿透式測厚儀上；Ⅲ類X射線裝置（9.26%,10/108）使用在薄板熱軋線的穿透式測厚儀上；在冷軋薄板線上，Ⅲ、Ⅳ類241Am密封源（37.04%,40/108），Ⅲ類X射線裝置（23.15%,25/108）使用在穿透式測厚儀上，Ⅴ類147Pm使用在β反散射式測厚儀（5.56%，6/108），Ⅲ類X射線裝置使用在鍍層熒光測厚儀（占14.81%，16/108）上。 ②射線測厚儀的輻射防護設(shè)施：射線開關(guān)為遙控伺服控制，有多重聯(lián)鎖保護裝置，具有工作狀態(tài)指示燈，防護門、防護圍欄、專有屏蔽房等防護設(shè)施及“當(dāng)心電離輻射”警示標(biāo)識等。 ③射線測厚儀輻射工作場所監(jiān)測結(jié)果：工作場所中同位素測厚儀的周圍劑量當(dāng)量率最大值為0.66μSv/h，X射線裝置為4.38μSv/h。在正常生產(chǎn)狀況下，距離厚板熱軋線、薄板熱軋線3m區(qū)域限制人員停留；距離其余生產(chǎn)線1m區(qū)域限制人員停留。 ④個人劑量監(jiān)測結(jié)果：412名工作人員個人劑量監(jiān)測值為0.04mSv/a~12.76mSv/a，小于1mSv/a的為98.54%,人均有效劑量為0.21mSv/a，符合國家職業(yè)限值標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。在測厚儀射線出束正常生產(chǎn)狀況下，需到現(xiàn)場維修人員的人均年有效劑量為：(0.51±0.30)mSv。 ⑤放射工作人員職業(yè)健康檢查結(jié)果：高血壓患病率為6.55%(27/412),心電圖異常率4.85（%20/412）,尿常規(guī)異常率為2.67（%7/412）,腎功異常率3.64%（15/412）,色弱率1.94%（8/412）,胸片異常0.24%（1/412），眼晶狀體異常率1.46%（6/412）。淋巴細(xì)胞微核率均在正常值2‰范圍內(nèi)、未見血常規(guī)異常者。體檢的結(jié)論為：405人可繼續(xù)從事外照射崗位工作；7人不適宜外照射崗位工作，建議調(diào)離。這不適宜外照射作業(yè)的7人中，除1人患肺結(jié)核外，6人雙眼或單眼晶狀體有點片狀或條狀渾濁人員均為冷軋線作業(yè)人員。 對2006年至2011年在射線測厚儀崗位調(diào)崗的25名放射工作人員的離崗原因進一步分析，發(fā)現(xiàn)眼晶狀體改變?yōu)檎{(diào)崗的首位原因，有16人，且均為冷軋線作業(yè)人員。 ⑥按厚板熱軋線、薄板熱軋線及冷軋線分類分析：工作場所劑量率平均值的年有效劑量估算結(jié)果依次為0.15mSv/a、0.71mSv/a、0.59mSv/a；人均年有效劑量依次為0.15mSv/a、0.25mSv/a、0.21mSv/a。年有效劑量估算值與人均年有效劑量有較好的一致性，各生產(chǎn)線的年劑量估算值大于個人劑量監(jiān)測值,且均低于年劑量限值。 厚板熱軋線、薄板熱軋線和冷軋線間單次劑量當(dāng)量＞0.25mSv的發(fā)生率有差異（X2=6.47，P=0.039）。尚不能認(rèn)為厚板熱軋線、薄板熱軋線和冷軋線間職業(yè)健康檢查異常情況有差異（X2=0.46，P=0.795）。 結(jié)論：在正常生產(chǎn)狀況下，，射線測厚儀工作場所是比較安全的，不會對公眾和放射工作人員的健康和安全造成危害。 今后應(yīng)限制放射工作人員對射線測厚儀鄰近設(shè)備的在線維護，加強鉛眼鏡等輻射防護用品使用狀況的監(jiān)督，加強上崗前體檢的管理，對在崗放射工作人員的職業(yè)健康狀況應(yīng)做進一步的調(diào)查與分析。本文的監(jiān)測結(jié)果是在已有防護設(shè)施的基礎(chǔ)上進行的，故將其結(jié)果在同行業(yè)推廣時，應(yīng)加以說明；X射線測厚儀沒有專門的監(jiān)測規(guī)范，本監(jiān)測結(jié)果只能在一定程度上反映射線作業(yè)工人的劑量水平，為了日后輻射防護監(jiān)測科學(xué)規(guī)范，應(yīng)做深入研究，制定X射線測厚儀放射防護監(jiān)測標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。
[Abstract]:OBJECTIVE: To understand the radiation protection status of X-ray thickness gauge in Anshan Iron and Steel Co., and provide technical support for radiation protection management in enterprises.
Methods: The radiation dose level of 108 thickness gauges (including 5 convexity gauges) in Anshan Iron and Steel Company was monitored, and 412 radiation workers were monitored for personal dose and occupational health.
RESULTS: 1. The usage of X-ray thickness gauge: There are 108 thickness gauges (including 5 convexity gauges) in Angang, including 52.8% (57/108) Isotope Thickness Gauge and 47.2% (51/108) X-ray thickness gauge.
Class II 137Cs sealed source (10.19%, 11/108) is used on the penetrating thickness gauge of hot rolling thick plate line; Class III X-ray device (9.26%, 10/108) is used on the penetrating thickness gauge of hot rolling thin plate line; Class III, IV 241Am sealed source (37.04%, 40/108) is used on the cold rolling thin plate line; Class III X-ray device (23.15%, 25/108) is used on the penetrating thickness gauge. Class V 147 Pm is used in beta-backscatter thickness gauge (5.56%, 6/108), and Class III X-ray device is used in coating fluorescence thickness gauge (14.81%, 16/108).
(2) Radiation protection facilities of X-ray thickness gauge: X-ray switch is remote control servo control, with multiple interlocking protection devices, with working status indicator lights, protective doors, protective fences, exclusive shielding room and other protective facilities and "be careful of ionizing radiation" warning signs.
(3) Radiation workplace monitoring results: the maximum dose equivalent rate of Isotope Thickness Gauge in the workplace is 0.66 uSv/h, and the X-ray device is 4.38 uSv/h.
(4) Individual dose monitoring results: The personal dose monitoring values of 412 staff members were 0.04 mSv/a~12.76 mSv/a, 98.54% less than 1 mSv/a, and the average effective dose was 0.21 mSv/a, which accorded with the national occupational limit standard.
_The occupational health examination results showed that the prevalence of hypertension was 6.55% (27/412), the abnormal rate of ECG was 4.85 (% 20/412), the abnormal rate of urine routine was 2.67 (% 7/412), the abnormal rate of renal function was 3.64% (15/412), the abnormal rate of color was 1.94% (8/412), the abnormal rate of chest X-ray was 0.24% (1/412), and the abnormal rate of lens was 1.46% (6/412). The physical examination concluded that 405 persons could continue to work in the post of external irradiation, 7 persons were not suitable for the post of external irradiation and were recommended to be transferred.
A further analysis was made of the reasons for the departure of 25 radiation workers who were transferred to the positions of radiographic thickness gauge from 2006 to 2011. It was found that 16 of them were cold rolling line workers.
_According to the classification analysis of thick plate hot rolling line, thin plate hot rolling line and cold rolling line, the annual effective dose estimation results of the average dose rate in the workplace were 0.15 mSv/a, 0.71 mSv/a, 0.59 mSv/a; the annual effective dose per capita was 0.15 mSv/a, 0.25 mSv/a, 0.21 mSv/a. The annual effective dose estimates were in good agreement with the annual effective dose per capita. The annual dose estimated value of the production line is greater than the individual dose monitoring value, and all are lower than the annual dose limit.
The occurrence rate of single dose equivalent > 0.25 mSv between hot rolling line, hot rolling line and cold rolling line was different (X2 = 6.47, P = 0.039). It was not considered that there was any difference in occupational health examination between hot rolling line, hot rolling line and cold rolling line (X2 = 0.46, P = 0.795).
CONCLUSION: Under normal production conditions, the workplace of radiographic thickness gauge is relatively safe, and will not do harm to the health and safety of the public and radiation workers.
In the future, it is necessary to restrict the on-line maintenance of the adjacent equipment of the radiographic thickness gauge, strengthen the supervision of the use of radiation protection equipment such as lead glasses, strengthen the management of pre-job physical examination, and make further investigation and Analysis on the occupational health status of the on-job radiological workers. On the basis of this, the results should be explained when they are popularized in the same industry; X-ray thickness gauge has no special monitoring specifications, and the monitoring results can only reflect the dose level of workers exposed to radiation to a certain extent. Standard.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：吉林大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2012
【分類號】：R144
本文編號：2207294
[Abstract]:OBJECTIVE: To understand the radiation protection status of X-ray thickness gauge in Anshan Iron and Steel Co., and provide technical support for radiation protection management in enterprises.
Methods: The radiation dose level of 108 thickness gauges (including 5 convexity gauges) in Anshan Iron and Steel Company was monitored, and 412 radiation workers were monitored for personal dose and occupational health.
RESULTS: 1. The usage of X-ray thickness gauge: There are 108 thickness gauges (including 5 convexity gauges) in Angang, including 52.8% (57/108) Isotope Thickness Gauge and 47.2% (51/108) X-ray thickness gauge.
Class II 137Cs sealed source (10.19%, 11/108) is used on the penetrating thickness gauge of hot rolling thick plate line; Class III X-ray device (9.26%, 10/108) is used on the penetrating thickness gauge of hot rolling thin plate line; Class III, IV 241Am sealed source (37.04%, 40/108) is used on the cold rolling thin plate line; Class III X-ray device (23.15%, 25/108) is used on the penetrating thickness gauge. Class V 147 Pm is used in beta-backscatter thickness gauge (5.56%, 6/108), and Class III X-ray device is used in coating fluorescence thickness gauge (14.81%, 16/108).
(2) Radiation protection facilities of X-ray thickness gauge: X-ray switch is remote control servo control, with multiple interlocking protection devices, with working status indicator lights, protective doors, protective fences, exclusive shielding room and other protective facilities and "be careful of ionizing radiation" warning signs.
(3) Radiation workplace monitoring results: the maximum dose equivalent rate of Isotope Thickness Gauge in the workplace is 0.66 uSv/h, and the X-ray device is 4.38 uSv/h.
(4) Individual dose monitoring results: The personal dose monitoring values of 412 staff members were 0.04 mSv/a~12.76 mSv/a, 98.54% less than 1 mSv/a, and the average effective dose was 0.21 mSv/a, which accorded with the national occupational limit standard.
_The occupational health examination results showed that the prevalence of hypertension was 6.55% (27/412), the abnormal rate of ECG was 4.85 (% 20/412), the abnormal rate of urine routine was 2.67 (% 7/412), the abnormal rate of renal function was 3.64% (15/412), the abnormal rate of color was 1.94% (8/412), the abnormal rate of chest X-ray was 0.24% (1/412), and the abnormal rate of lens was 1.46% (6/412). The physical examination concluded that 405 persons could continue to work in the post of external irradiation, 7 persons were not suitable for the post of external irradiation and were recommended to be transferred.
A further analysis was made of the reasons for the departure of 25 radiation workers who were transferred to the positions of radiographic thickness gauge from 2006 to 2011. It was found that 16 of them were cold rolling line workers.
_According to the classification analysis of thick plate hot rolling line, thin plate hot rolling line and cold rolling line, the annual effective dose estimation results of the average dose rate in the workplace were 0.15 mSv/a, 0.71 mSv/a, 0.59 mSv/a; the annual effective dose per capita was 0.15 mSv/a, 0.25 mSv/a, 0.21 mSv/a. The annual effective dose estimates were in good agreement with the annual effective dose per capita. The annual dose estimated value of the production line is greater than the individual dose monitoring value, and all are lower than the annual dose limit.
The occurrence rate of single dose equivalent > 0.25 mSv between hot rolling line, hot rolling line and cold rolling line was different (X2 = 6.47, P = 0.039). It was not considered that there was any difference in occupational health examination between hot rolling line, hot rolling line and cold rolling line (X2 = 0.46, P = 0.795).
CONCLUSION: Under normal production conditions, the workplace of radiographic thickness gauge is relatively safe, and will not do harm to the health and safety of the public and radiation workers.
In the future, it is necessary to restrict the on-line maintenance of the adjacent equipment of the radiographic thickness gauge, strengthen the supervision of the use of radiation protection equipment such as lead glasses, strengthen the management of pre-job physical examination, and make further investigation and Analysis on the occupational health status of the on-job radiological workers. On the basis of this, the results should be explained when they are popularized in the same industry; X-ray thickness gauge has no special monitoring specifications, and the monitoring results can only reflect the dose level of workers exposed to radiation to a certain extent. Standard.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：吉林大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2012
【分類號】：R144
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