【摘要】：目的了解武漢市青少年抑郁及早期應(yīng)激狀況，探索早期應(yīng)激與青少年抑郁的關(guān)系及其社會(huì)心理作用機(jī)制，為預(yù)防及干預(yù)青少年抑郁，保障兒童青少年心理健康提供依據(jù)。 方法采用現(xiàn)況研究方法，選取武漢市6所中小學(xué)，，重點(diǎn)學(xué)校與普通學(xué)校各3所，每一類型學(xué)校有小學(xué)（5，6年級(jí)）、初中和高中各一所，整群抽取9~18歲青少年。使用一般情況問(wèn)卷、兒童抑郁癥狀量表、兒童期虐待自評(píng)量表及社會(huì)心理相關(guān)量表進(jìn)行問(wèn)卷調(diào)查。資料采用SPSS17.0進(jìn)行描述性分析、t檢驗(yàn)、2檢驗(yàn)、方差分析和多元回歸分析等，運(yùn)用AMOS v18.0擬合結(jié)構(gòu)方程模型。 結(jié)果共調(diào)查2950人，回收有效問(wèn)卷2888份，回收率為97.9%。小學(xué)692人，初中1137人，高中1059人；男女比為1.22:1。①青少年抑郁現(xiàn)況：抑郁癥狀檢出率為14.3%，抑郁水平在15歲和高中最高，性別差異無(wú)統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義。②早期應(yīng)激現(xiàn)況：早期應(yīng)激檢出率為51.9%，性別差異無(wú)統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義；13歲-15歲和初中的早期應(yīng)激水平較高。③早期應(yīng)激不同類型：情感虐待檢出率（41.1%）最高，除忽視外男生高于女生；年齡、年級(jí)除性虐待外均有差異。④早期應(yīng)激與青少年抑郁關(guān)系：抑郁組的早期應(yīng)激檢出率高于非抑郁組。除性虐待外，早期應(yīng)激其他類型在抑郁組較多；早期應(yīng)激及其以上三種類型可能增加青少年抑郁的發(fā)病危險(xiǎn)。⑤相關(guān)社會(huì)心理因素：神經(jīng)質(zhì)和精神質(zhì)在抑郁和早期應(yīng)激組得分高，內(nèi)外向得分較低；抑郁/早期應(yīng)激學(xué)生的自尊、正向歸因及社會(huì)支持得分較低，負(fù)向歸因得分較高。⑥早期應(yīng)激與抑郁關(guān)系的綜合分析：青少年抑郁、早期應(yīng)激分別與內(nèi)外向、自尊、正向歸因及社會(huì)支持負(fù)相關(guān)，與負(fù)向歸因、精神質(zhì)和神經(jīng)質(zhì)正相關(guān)；以上因素對(duì)早期應(yīng)激和抑郁關(guān)系發(fā)揮不同強(qiáng)度的直接和/或間接效應(yīng)。 結(jié)論青少年抑郁情緒和早期應(yīng)激檢出率較高，在不同性別、年齡和年級(jí)間存在差異。人格、認(rèn)知和社會(huì)支持等社會(huì)心理因素以不同途徑影響早期應(yīng)激與青少年抑郁的關(guān)系。因此，應(yīng)加強(qiáng)青少年心理健康教育，注重從社會(huì)心理不同維度、層次促進(jìn)其身心全面健康發(fā)展。
[Abstract]:Objective to investigate the depression and early stress of adolescents in Wuhan, and to explore the relationship between early stress and adolescent depression and the mechanism of their psychosocial effects, so as to provide the basis for preventing and intervening adolescent depression and safeguarding the mental health of children and adolescents. Methods six primary and middle schools in Wuhan were selected, 3 in key schools and 3 in general schools. Each type of school had primary school (grade 5 or grade 6), middle school and high school respectively. General situation questionnaire, child depression symptom scale, child abuse self-rating scale and psychosocial related scale were used to investigate the questionnaire. Data were analyzed by SPSS17.0 and AMOS v18.0 were used to fit the structural equation model. Results A total of 2950 people were investigated, 2888 valid questionnaires were collected, and the recovery rate was 97.9%. The ratio of boys to girls was 1.22: 1.1 the prevalence of depression in adolescents was 14.3%, the depression level was the highest in 15 years old and the highest in high school. There was no significant difference in sex. 2 the prevalence of early stress was 51.9. There was no significant difference in sex between 13 and 15 years old and in junior high school. 3 different types of early stress: the rate of emotional abuse was the highest (41.1%). There were significant differences in age and grade except sexual abuse between early stress and adolescent depression: the detection rate of early stress in depression group was higher than that in non-depression group. In addition to sexual abuse, other types of early stress were more common in depression group. Early stress and the above three types may increase the risk of depression in adolescents. 5 related psychosocial factors: neuroticism and psychoticism score higher in depression and early stress group, lower score in introversion and extroversion; The scores of self-esteem, positive attribution and social support of depression / early stress students were lower, and negative attribution scores were higher. 6 the comprehensive analysis of the relationship between early stress and depression: adolescent depression, early stress and introversion, self-esteem; Positive attribution and social support were negatively correlated with negative attribution, psychoticism and neuroticism, and these factors had different direct and / or indirect effects on the relationship between early stress and depression. Conclusion the prevalence of depression and early stress in adolescents is higher than that in different genders, ages and grades. Social psychological factors such as personality, cognition and social support influence the relationship between early stress and adolescent depression in different ways. Therefore, we should strengthen the mental health education of adolescents, pay attention to promoting their physical and mental health development from different dimensions of social psychology.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：華中科技大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2013
【分類號(hào)】：R179

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