【摘要】：近年來(lái)海南島海域赤潮頻發(fā)，因食用貝類而引起的麻痹性貝毒（paralytic shellfishpoisoning，PSP）和腹瀉性貝毒（diarrhetic shellfish poisoning，DSP）中毒事件時(shí)有發(fā)生，嚴(yán)重制約海南島濱海旅游業(yè)和水產(chǎn)養(yǎng)殖業(yè)的發(fā)展并威脅人類的健康。為此，本研究于2010年冬季至2011年秋季間，在海南島的文昌、澄邁、洋浦、陵水等5個(gè)海域采集了14種95份貝類樣品，進(jìn)行PSP和DSP檢測(cè)，旨在獲取PSP和DSP在海南島沿海海域的分布特征。主要研究結(jié)果如下： 1、海南島海域PSP的污染狀況 ①海南島沿海海域貝類中PSP的含量較低，最高檢出毒力值為3.576Mu/g，檢出率為11.58%。②海南島沿海海域貝類中PSP的季節(jié)變化非常明顯，以冬季最高，秋季次之，其他兩季均未檢出PSP。③海南島沿海海域貝類中PSP的地理分布較廣，除澄邁海域沒(méi)有檢出，文昌、洋浦等沿海貝類中均有PSP檢出，其中陵水沿海海域貝類中PSP的檢出率最高。④海南島海域貝類中PSP的主要富集種為細(xì)紋卵蛤、織紋螺、翡翠貽貝和櫛江珧。⑤共檢出11種PSP成分，主要成分有GTX1、GTX4、C1、C2，高毒力值的NEO和STX含量較少，其它毒素成分如deGTX3，deGTX2，GTX3，GTX2和dcSTX的含量也十分低。 2、海南島海域DSP的污染狀況 ①海南島海域貝類中的DSP檢出率和超標(biāo)率均比較高，分別達(dá)到46.32%和33.68%。在超標(biāo)的貝類樣品中，最高毒力值達(dá)0.2Mu/g。②海南島海域貝類中DSP的污染狀況在冬季最為嚴(yán)重，，檢出率和超標(biāo)率均達(dá)到56.25%，夏季貝類中的DSP污染最小，貝類中DSP含量無(wú)超標(biāo)情況。③海南島海域貝類中DSP的分布范圍較為廣泛，在各個(gè)采樣點(diǎn)均有檢出，就地域分布而言，海南島東、南部海域貝類中DSP的污染狀況較西、北部嚴(yán)重。④此次在海南島海域共調(diào)查了14種貝類，其中有11種貝類中檢測(cè)出含有DSP，分別是裂紋格特蛤、華貴櫛孔扇貝、魁蚶、櫛江珧、方斑東風(fēng)螺、波紋巴非蛤、文蛤、衣紫蛤、織紋螺、近江牡蠣和翡翠貽貝，其中污染狀況較為嚴(yán)重有櫛江珧、裂紋格特蛤、近江牡蠣、華貴櫛孔扇貝和魁蚶。 在此調(diào)查研究的基礎(chǔ)上，本論文設(shè)計(jì)了海南島沿海海域的貝毒監(jiān)測(cè)和管理方案，為相關(guān)部門在貝類赤潮毒素管理方面提供理論參考。
[Abstract]:In recent years, red tide occurs frequently in Hainan Island. Paralytic shellfish poisonings and (diarrhetic shellfish poisonings caused by consumption of shellfish occur frequently, which seriously restricts the development of coastal tourism and aquaculture in Hainan Island and threatens the health of human beings. Therefore, from winter 2010 to autumn 2011, 14 species and 95 shellfish samples were collected from Wenchang, Chengmai, Yangpu and Lingshui in Hainan Island for PSP and DSP detection. The purpose of this paper is to obtain the distribution characteristics of PSP and DSP in the coastal waters of Hainan Island. The main results are as follows: 1. The pollution status of PSP in Hainan Island Sea area 1 the content of PSP in shellfish in Hainan Island coastal area is relatively low. The highest detectable virulence was 3.576Mu/ g, and the detectable rate was 11.58.2 the seasonal variation of PSP in the shellfish of Hainan Island was very obvious, the highest in winter, followed in autumn, and the geographical distribution of PSP in the shellfish of Hainan Island in the other two seasons was not detected. Except in Chengmai sea area, PSP was detected in coastal shellfish such as Wenchang, Yangpu, etc. The highest PSP detection rate was found in shellfish in Lingshui coastal area. 4. The main enrichment species of PSP in shellfish in Hainan Island were fine egg clam and snail. A total of 11 PSP components were detected from mussel and Pinna pectinata. The main components were GTX1, GTX4, C1C2, and the contents of neo and STX with high virulence were less. The contents of other toxins, such as deGTX3, deGTX2, GTX3, GTX2 and dcSTX, are also very low. 2. The pollution status of DSP in Hainan Island is very high, and the detection rate and exceeding rate of DSP in shellfish in Hainan Island are higher, reaching 46.32% and 33.68%, respectively. The highest virulence of DSP in shellfish samples was 0.2Mu/ g.2 in Hainan Island in winter. The detection rate and over-standard rate of DSP in shellfish were 56.25% and 56.25% respectively, and in summer the pollution of DSP in shellfish was the least. DSP content in shellfish without exceeding the standard. 3 the distribution of DSP in shellfish in Hainan Island is more extensive, and it has been detected at all sampling points. In terms of regional distribution, the pollution status of DSP in shellfish in the east and south of Hainan Island is more western than that in the east of Hainan Island. A total of 14 species of shellfish were investigated in the sea area of Hainan Island in the northern part of the country. Among them, 11 species of shellfish were found to contain DSPs, respectively, including crack Gete clam, chlamys farreri, clam, pectinopsis pectinata, Euphorbia squarensis, Bafeiclam, Meretrix Meretrix, Among them, the pollution is serious, such as Pinna pectinata, clam, oyster, chlamys farreri and clam. On the basis of the investigation and research, this paper designs the shellfish poison monitoring and management scheme in the coastal waters of Hainan Island, which provides a theoretical reference for the related departments in the management of shellfish red tide toxin.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：暨南大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2012
【分類號(hào)】：R155.5

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