【摘要】：中國在前期經(jīng)濟建設(shè)中，忽略了工作環(huán)境中的職業(yè)危害對勞動者身體的傷害，，近三十年來，職業(yè)病大量地涌現(xiàn)，對家庭、經(jīng)濟、社會造成了嚴重影響。廣東省作為國家先進大省，職業(yè)病發(fā)病率相當高，廣東省在職業(yè)病防治上已經(jīng)做了一定的工作，但結(jié)果并不理想。職業(yè)病發(fā)病數(shù)量每年居高不下，新型職業(yè)病種多發(fā)，廣東省的職業(yè)病防治面臨著困境，探索出更具成效的新防治思路與對策，有利于緩解其影響，維護社會的穩(wěn)定。同時也為全國的職業(yè)病防治管理提供參考價值。 本文以廣東省作為研究對象，對職業(yè)病防治管理的新思路與對策進行了探索。首先對職業(yè)病的定義，特點與法定職業(yè)病的目錄等基礎(chǔ)概念進行了解釋與必要的評述，指出國內(nèi)的職業(yè)病防治管理起步時間較晚，水平還比較低。然后結(jié)合數(shù)據(jù)分析了廣東省職業(yè)病的發(fā)病情況及其特點，列出了目前廣東省職業(yè)病防治管理的現(xiàn)狀與當前采用的預(yù)防、治理策略，得出現(xiàn)行策略下，效果并不理想的結(jié)果。接著為了探討出更具實效性的思路與對策，就廣東省職業(yè)病防治所面臨的困境及其成因展開了分析，從責任、能力、與意識三方面高度總結(jié)出形成困境的主要原因。最后針對成因，結(jié)合國外的最佳實踐，在知名企業(yè)的成功經(jīng)驗基礎(chǔ)上，提出了職業(yè)病在防治管理問題上新的思路與對策。 在職業(yè)病的防治管理新思路與對策上，作者主要從兩方面展開：政府層面和企業(yè)層面。政府層面，強調(diào)首先應(yīng)從調(diào)整與改變政府對企業(yè)的態(tài)度開始，開展一系列的工作，比如：投入資金到職業(yè)衛(wèi)生師建設(shè)中去，改善監(jiān)管條件，簡化職業(yè)病診斷與鑒定的程度，設(shè)立企業(yè)專項機構(gòu)，加大職業(yè)病病人的保障等等。其中職業(yè)衛(wèi)生師建設(shè)是重點，它能幫助企業(yè)從源頭上消除職業(yè)危害因素；企業(yè)層面，強調(diào)在職業(yè)衛(wèi)生管理上由“要我管理”轉(zhuǎn)變成“我要管理”，在企業(yè)內(nèi)營造職業(yè)健康安全文化，通過文化影響行為，形成習慣。新的思路從較新的角度進行了思考，提出的具體對策具有可操作性，實施得當?shù)脑�，可以較好地解決廣東省在職業(yè)病防治上的困境并推進改國內(nèi)的職業(yè)病防治發(fā)展進程。
[Abstract]:In the early stage of economic construction in China, the occupational hazards in the working environment have been neglected. In the past 30 years, occupational diseases have emerged in large numbers, which have had a serious impact on the family, economy and society. The incidence of occupational diseases is quite high in Guangdong Province, which is an advanced province in China. Guangdong Province has done some work in the prevention and treatment of occupational diseases, but the results are not satisfactory. The number of occupational diseases is high and the new occupational diseases occur frequently every year. The prevention and treatment of occupational diseases in Guangdong Province is facing difficulties. It is helpful to alleviate its influence and maintain social stability by exploring more effective new ideas and countermeasures for occupational diseases prevention and treatment. At the same time, it also provides reference value for the management of occupational disease prevention and control throughout the country. In this paper, Guangdong Province is taken as the research object to explore the new ideas and countermeasures of occupational disease prevention and management. Firstly, the basic concepts of occupational disease, such as definition, characteristics and catalogue of statutory occupational diseases, are explained and reviewed. It is pointed out that the management of occupational disease prevention and control in China started late and the level is still low. Then it analyzes the incidence and characteristics of occupational diseases in Guangdong Province, lists the present situation of occupational disease prevention and management in Guangdong Province and the current prevention and control strategies, and draws the results that the effect is not satisfactory under the current strategy. Then, in order to find out more effective ideas and countermeasures, this paper analyzes the plight and its causes of occupational disease prevention and treatment in Guangdong Province, and sums up the main reasons of the dilemma from three aspects of responsibility, ability, and consciousness. Finally, based on the successful experience of well-known enterprises and combining the best practice of foreign countries, the author puts forward some new ideas and countermeasures on the prevention and control of occupational diseases. In the new ideas and countermeasures of occupational disease prevention and management, the author mainly starts from two aspects: government level and enterprise level. At the government level, it is stressed that we should start with adjusting and changing the attitude of the government towards enterprises, and carry out a series of work, such as: investing in the construction of occupational health professionals, improving the regulatory conditions, and simplifying the degree of diagnosis and identification of occupational diseases. Set up enterprise special organization, increase occupational disease patient's safeguard and so on. Among them, occupational health teacher construction is the key point, it can help enterprises eliminate occupational hazard factors from the source; at the enterprise level, the emphasis on occupational health management has changed from "want me to manage" to "I want to manage". Create occupational health and safety culture in the enterprise, through culture influence behavior, form habit. The new thinking is thought from a new angle, the concrete countermeasure put forward is operable, if carried out properly, it can solve the dilemma of occupational disease prevention and cure in Guangdong province and promote the development process of occupational disease prevention and cure in China.
【學位授予單位】：西北農(nóng)林科技大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2012
【分類號】：R13

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