本文選題：學(xué)齡前兒童 + 視力��； 參考：《蘇州大學(xué)》2012年碩士論文

【摘要】：目的：眼睛是人體最重要的感受器官,人類主要是通過視覺得到各種信息,有80%以上的信息是用眼睛獲得的。眼睛不僅作為接收信息的主要器官,而且能夠發(fā)送傳遞信息,人的喜、怒、哀、樂等各種情感都要靠雙眼表現(xiàn)。學(xué)齡前兒童處在視力發(fā)育的關(guān)鍵期,各種不良的飲食、用眼習(xí)慣都有會成為視力發(fā)育的影響因素。本研究旨在通過對全市學(xué)齡前兒童視力發(fā)育的現(xiàn)狀及其影響因素的橫斷面調(diào)查,了解昆山市學(xué)齡前兒童的視力發(fā)育影響因素,以進(jìn)一步采取相應(yīng)措施,促進(jìn)學(xué)齡前兒童視力的健康發(fā)育。 方法：采用抽樣調(diào)查的方法,對全市11家托幼機(jī)構(gòu)的1570名學(xué)齡前兒童的視力發(fā)育現(xiàn)狀及其影響因素進(jìn)行橫斷面研究。視力發(fā)育現(xiàn)狀采用視力檢查和屈光篩查同時進(jìn)行的方法,均由受過專業(yè)訓(xùn)練的兒童保健醫(yī)師進(jìn)行操作。影響因素調(diào)查表為自編內(nèi)容,交由兒童撫養(yǎng)人填寫,回收后進(jìn)行統(tǒng)計(jì)分析。 結(jié)果： 1.昆山市學(xué)齡前兒童視力異常檢出率為12.42%(195/1570),屈光異常檢出率為20.19%(317/1570),總異常檢出率為27.58%(433/1570)。 2.男孩視力異常檢出率為8.40%(88/833),女孩視力異常檢出率10.99%(107/737),男、女童之間視力異常檢出率有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)差異(χ2=5.62,P0.05)。 3.各班級之間視力異常檢出率之間比較有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)差異(χ2=93.27,P=0.00)；各班級之間視力異常類型為近視的檢出率之間存在統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)差異(χ2=97.06,P0.01)；各班級之間屈光異常檢出率和屈光異常類型為遠(yuǎn)視的檢出率存在統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)差異(χ2值分別為74.72和81.53,P值均0.01)。 4.各年齡組之間視力異常檢出率比較有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)差異(χ2=47.70,P0.01)；各年齡組視力異常類型為近視的檢出率之間存在統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)差異(χ2=98.88,P0.01)；各年齡組之間屈光異常檢出率和屈光異常為遠(yuǎn)視的檢出率存在統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)差異(χ2值分別為110.74和137.69,P值均0.01)。 5.影響昆山市學(xué)齡前兒童視力發(fā)育的影響因素為接觸電腦時間和戶外活動時間；屈光發(fā)育的影響因素為母親年齡、出生體重、接觸電腦時間、睡覺姿勢、睡覺時是否開燈、睡眠時間、食物軟硬喜好等；視力總異常的影響因素為母親年齡、孕期是否服用藥物、是否出生窒息、出生體重、接觸電腦時間、戶外活動時間、睡眠時間、睡覺時是否開燈。 結(jié)論： 1.昆山市學(xué)齡前兒童的視力異常、屈光異常現(xiàn)狀呈現(xiàn)女孩高發(fā)、低齡化的趨勢,視力發(fā)育異常現(xiàn)象不容小覷,值得有關(guān)衛(wèi)生部門重視。 2.對于本研究中發(fā)現(xiàn)的接觸電腦時間、睡覺姿勢、睡覺時是否開燈、睡眠時間、食物軟硬喜好、戶外活動時間等影響學(xué)齡前兒童視力發(fā)育的因素,應(yīng)積極采取多種健康教育措施,保護(hù)和促進(jìn)其視力的健康發(fā)展。
[Abstract]:Objective: the eye is the most important organ of the human body. The human gets all kinds of information mainly through the vision, and more than 80% of the information is obtained by the eye. The eye is not only the main organ to receive information, but also can transmit information. Preschool children are in the critical period of vision development. The purpose of this study was to understand the influencing factors of preschool children's vision development in Kunshan City by cross-sectional investigation of the present situation and influencing factors of preschool children's vision development in Kunshan City, so as to further take appropriate measures. To promote the healthy development of eyesight of preschool children. Methods: a cross-sectional study was carried out on the visual acuity of 1570 preschool children in 11 kindergartens in the city. Visual acuity development was performed simultaneously by visual examination and refractive screening, and was performed by a trained child health care physician. The questionnaire of influencing factors was compiled by ourselves, which was filled out by child dependents and collected for statistical analysis. Results: 1. The detectable rate of abnormal eyesight, ametropia and total abnormality were 12.42% (195-1570), 20.19% (317 / 1570) and 27.58% (433 / 1570), respectively. The detection rate of abnormal vision was 8.40% (88 / 833) for boys and 10.99% (107 / 737) for girls. There was statistical difference in the detection rate of visual acuity abnormality among different classes (蠂 ~ 2 ~ 2 ~ (93.27) / P ~ (0.00), and there was a statistical difference in the detection rate of myopia between different classes (蠂 ~ (2) ~ (97.06) / P ~ (0.01). There were significant differences in the detectable rate of ametropia and hyperopia between different classes (蠂 ~ 2 = 74.72 and P = 81.53, P = 0.01). There was statistical difference in the detection rate of abnormal visual acuity among different age groups (蠂 ~ 2 / 47.70 / P _ (0.01), and there was a statistical difference among the types of myopia in different age groups (蠂 ~ 2 / 98.88 / P _ (0.01). There were significant differences in the detection rate of ametropia and hyperopia among different age groups (蠂 ~ 2 = 110.74 and 137.69 P = 0.05). The influencing factors of visual development of preschool children in Kunshan were computer contact time and outdoor activity time, and the influencing factors of refractive development were mother's age, birth weight, computer contact time, sleeping posture and whether to turn on the lights during sleep. Sleep time, soft and hard food preference, etc. The influencing factors of abnormal vision are the age of mother, whether or not to take medicine during pregnancy, whether birth asphyxia, birth weight, computer contact time, outdoor activity time, sleep time, whether to turn on the light when sleeping. Conclusion: 1. The present situation of abnormal eyesight and ametropia of preschool children in Kunshan shows the trend of high incidence of girls and low age. The phenomenon of abnormal vision development should not be underestimated, which deserves the attention of relevant health departments. 2. Various health education measures should be taken to influence the visual development of preschool children, such as computer contact time, sleeping posture, whether lights are turned on while sleeping, sleeping time, food soft and hard preference, outdoor activity time and so on. To protect and promote the healthy development of their eyesight.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：蘇州大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2012
【分類號】：R179

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