本文選題：養(yǎng)老機(jī)構(gòu) + 老年人�。� 參考：《中南大學(xué)》2013年碩士論文

【摘要】：目的：本課題通過調(diào)查長沙市某養(yǎng)老機(jī)構(gòu)老年人的營養(yǎng)狀況,分析老年人生活的社會環(huán)境、心理狀態(tài)、生活自理能力、生活質(zhì)量與MNA評分之間的關(guān)系,提高廣大養(yǎng)老機(jī)構(gòu)醫(yī)護(hù)工作者鑒定存在營養(yǎng)不良危險(xiǎn)或處于營養(yǎng)不良狀態(tài)的老年個(gè)體的能力；通過相關(guān)性分析的結(jié)果,探討影響長沙市老年機(jī)構(gòu)老年人營養(yǎng)狀況的危險(xiǎn)因素,為科學(xué)營養(yǎng),提高老年人生活質(zhì)量,實(shí)現(xiàn)健康老齡化提供理論依據(jù)；同時(shí)也為養(yǎng)老護(hù)理服務(wù)機(jī)構(gòu)的醫(yī)護(hù)人員對存在營養(yǎng)不良風(fēng)險(xiǎn)的老年人實(shí)施有效的早期干預(yù)措施提供科學(xué)的指導(dǎo),減少營養(yǎng)不良相關(guān)性并發(fā)癥的發(fā)生；指導(dǎo)老年人掌握營養(yǎng)知識,加強(qiáng)自身營養(yǎng)保健,提高社會養(yǎng)老的質(zhì)量。 方法：本研究采用橫斷面研究,抽樣調(diào)查方法,在長沙市某老年公寓隨機(jī)抽取老年患者200人進(jìn)行調(diào)查研究。由本課題人員向符合研究標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的老年人發(fā)放調(diào)查問卷。首先由調(diào)查員按統(tǒng)一方法對各量表中涉及的體格指標(biāo)(身高、體重、上臂圍和小腿圍)進(jìn)行測量,空腹抽血化驗(yàn)入選受訪者的血常規(guī)(血紅蛋白、淋巴細(xì)胞計(jì)數(shù))、肝功能(白蛋白),并通過訪談完成調(diào)查量表。調(diào)查量表共包括五部分：老年人-般社會學(xué)資料、老年人抑郁量表(GDS)、日�；顒�(dòng)能力(ADL)量表、簡易營養(yǎng)評價(jià)法(MNA)、生活質(zhì)量EQ-5D量表,調(diào)查表是用來收集影響老年人營養(yǎng)狀況的預(yù)測相關(guān)因素。所得有效數(shù)據(jù)應(yīng)用統(tǒng)計(jì)軟件進(jìn)行統(tǒng)計(jì)描述,影響因素的分析用ordial logistic回歸分析。 結(jié)果：200位老年人年齡范圍在60-89歲,平均年齡72.12+9.08歲；66人(33%)的老年人存在低蛋白血癥,貧血患者共58例,占29%；MNA平均得分為19.13+7.53,依據(jù)MNA評分標(biāo)準(zhǔn),其中所調(diào)查對象的28%屬營養(yǎng)正常(MNA分值24),51.5%的調(diào)查對象有營養(yǎng)不良危險(xiǎn)(17MNA分值23.5),20.5%的調(diào)查對象存在營養(yǎng)不良。我們采用日常生活能力ADL量表、抑郁GDS量表、生活質(zhì)量EQ-5D量表分析老年人營養(yǎng)不良的相關(guān)危險(xiǎn),得知城市養(yǎng)老機(jī)構(gòu)老年人的營養(yǎng)狀況受家庭狀況、經(jīng)濟(jì)能力、健康宣教、健康狀況、心理狀態(tài)、生活自理能力等多方面因素的影響。 結(jié)論：收集問卷調(diào)查表,經(jīng)MNA評分發(fā)現(xiàn),我們調(diào)查的養(yǎng)老機(jī)構(gòu)有相當(dāng)一部分老年人處于營養(yǎng)不良或存在發(fā)生營養(yǎng)不良的風(fēng)險(xiǎn),長沙市養(yǎng)老機(jī)構(gòu)老年人營養(yǎng)狀況總體水平與國內(nèi)沿海城市養(yǎng)老機(jī)構(gòu)老年人調(diào)查結(jié)果相當(dāng),但同發(fā)達(dá)國家相比,仍存在較大差距。對于城市養(yǎng)老機(jī)構(gòu)的醫(yī)護(hù)人員,我們應(yīng)該全面考察,正確評估各個(gè)老年人的營養(yǎng)狀況,實(shí)施個(gè)體化的、有針對性的健康教育方案,日常工作中應(yīng)注意增加老年人營養(yǎng)保健知識；要特別注重掌握老年人的心理狀況,協(xié)助其改善日常活動(dòng)能力；不同個(gè)體之間的營養(yǎng)狀況存在比較大的差異,養(yǎng)老機(jī)構(gòu)工作人員應(yīng)常規(guī)運(yùn)用各種量表評估老年人的營養(yǎng)狀況,分析發(fā)生營養(yǎng)不良風(fēng)險(xiǎn)的高危因素,提高養(yǎng)老機(jī)構(gòu)老年人的生活質(zhì)量。
[Abstract]:Objective: to investigate the nutritional status of the elderly in a pension institution in Changsha, and to analyze the relationship between the social environment, psychological state, self-care ability, quality of life and MNA score of the elderly. To improve the ability of medical and nursing workers in pension institutions to identify the elderly individuals with malnutrition risk or malnutrition, and to explore the risk factors affecting the nutritional status of the elderly in Changsha through the results of correlation analysis. It provides theoretical basis for scientific nutrition, improving the quality of life of the elderly and realizing healthy aging. At the same time, it also provides scientific guidance for the medical staff of the old-age nursing institutions to carry out effective early intervention measures for the elderly who are at risk of malnutrition, so as to reduce the incidence of malnutrition related complications, and guide the elderly to master nutrition knowledge. Strengthen oneself nutrition health care, improve the quality of social endowment. Methods: in this study, 200 elderly patients were randomly selected from an apartment in Changsha. A questionnaire was sent to the elderly who met the research criteria. First, the physical indexes (height, weight, upper arm circumference and calf circumference) involved in each scale were measured by investigators according to a unified method. Lymphocyte count), liver function (albumin), and interview completed the questionnaire. The questionnaire consists of five parts: geriatric sociological data, Depression scale for the elderly (GDS), ADL, MNA, EQ-5D for quality of Life. The questionnaire was used to collect predictive factors related to the nutritional status of the elderly. The effective data are described by statistical software, and the influencing factors are analyzed by ordial logistic regression analysis. Results the age ranges from 60 to 89 years of age, and 66 people (33%) with an average age of 72.12 9.08 years old had hypoproteinemia. There were 58 cases of anemia, accounting for an average score of 19.137.53. According to the standard of MNA score, the average score of MNA was 19.137.53. Among them, 28% of the subjects were of normal nutrition (MNA score 24) and 51.5% were at risk of malnutrition (17MNA score 23.5). 20. 5% of the subjects had malnutrition. We used ADL, GDS, EQ-5D to analyze the risk of malnutrition in the elderly, and learned that the nutritional status of the elderly in urban old-age care institutions was taught by family status, economic ability and health. Health status, psychological state, ability to take care of life and other factors. Conclusion: according to the MNA score, quite a part of the elderly in the pension institutions surveyed were at or at risk of malnutrition. The overall level of the nutritional status of the elderly in Changsha is comparable to that of the elderly in the coastal cities of China, but there is still a big gap compared with the developed countries. For the medical staff of urban old-age care institutions, we should make a comprehensive investigation, correctly assess the nutritional status of the elderly, implement individualized and targeted health education programs, and pay attention to increasing the knowledge of nutrition and health care of the elderly in their daily work. Special attention should be paid to mastering the psychological status of the elderly and helping them to improve their ability to carry out daily activities. There are great differences in the nutritional status of different individuals. The staff of pension institutions should routinely use various scales to assess the nutritional status of the elderly. The high risk factors of malnutrition were analyzed to improve the quality of life of the elderly.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：中南大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2013
【分類號】：R153.3

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