本文選題：職業(yè)緊張 + 工作負(fù)擔(dān)-資本模型　； 參考：《中國(guó)疾病預(yù)防控制中心》2017年博士論文

【摘要】：目的:本研究旨在構(gòu)建符合我國(guó)職業(yè)人群特點(diǎn)的職業(yè)緊張工作負(fù)擔(dān)-資本理論模型,為我國(guó)職業(yè)緊張的評(píng)估和干預(yù)提供有效理論依據(jù)和工具。并探索該模型各維度與職業(yè)緊張?jiān)缙诮】敌?yīng)的直接和間接關(guān)聯(lián),并對(duì)該理論模型對(duì)職業(yè)緊張?jiān)缙诮】敌?yīng)的流行病學(xué)價(jià)值做出評(píng)估。方法:在通過(guò)文獻(xiàn)查閱和專家訪談等方式,采用橫斷面典型調(diào)查法收集模型構(gòu)建所需數(shù)據(jù)資料。選取電子制造服務(wù)業(yè)(Electronic Manufacturing Services,EMS)相對(duì)集中的珠三角、長(zhǎng)三角、環(huán)渤海和中西部地區(qū)作為調(diào)查地區(qū),并最終在廣東(珠三角)、江蘇(長(zhǎng)三角)、北京(環(huán)渤海)、天津(環(huán)渤海)、湖南(中西部)和四川(中西部)等6個(gè)省市進(jìn)行問(wèn)卷調(diào)查。在模型構(gòu)建后,繼續(xù)選取以上6個(gè)省市進(jìn)行橫斷面典型調(diào)查法以收集數(shù)據(jù)資料,針對(duì)該模型對(duì)職業(yè)緊張?jiān)缙诮】敌?yīng)的影響進(jìn)行評(píng)估,其中職業(yè)緊張?jiān)缙诮】敌?yīng)指標(biāo)包括職業(yè)倦怠、抑郁障礙、睡眠障礙和生活滿意度等四項(xiàng)指標(biāo)。采用Epi.Data3.1進(jìn)行數(shù)據(jù)錄入,采用SPSS22.0和AMOS21.0進(jìn)行數(shù)據(jù)的統(tǒng)計(jì)分析。模型構(gòu)建:先運(yùn)用Chronbach'α檢驗(yàn)選取條目的內(nèi)部一致性信度水平;其次,進(jìn)行Pearson兩兩相關(guān)分析以初步探索模型各維度及各因子間的相關(guān)關(guān)系及關(guān)聯(lián)方向。采用結(jié)構(gòu)方程模型分析(驗(yàn)證性因子分析)檢驗(yàn)數(shù)據(jù)應(yīng)用在工作負(fù)擔(dān)-資本模型的擬合性。探索性因子分析和信效度檢驗(yàn)進(jìn)行分析工具的構(gòu)建,并分析其適用性。早期健康效應(yīng)流行病學(xué)分析部分對(duì)于研究對(duì)象人口學(xué)特征的描述、健康狀況、職業(yè)因素等,采用一般性的統(tǒng)計(jì)描述(頻數(shù)、百分比、均數(shù)、中位數(shù)、標(biāo)準(zhǔn)差等)、行列表x2檢驗(yàn);健康效應(yīng)評(píng)分、工作要求均分、工作自主性均分等單因素分析則多采用成組t檢驗(yàn)和單因素方差分析:多因素分析則采用多元線性回歸、Logistic回歸分析及分層回歸分析。對(duì)于直接效應(yīng)和間接效應(yīng)的分析,采用結(jié)構(gòu)方程模型路徑分析。檢驗(yàn)水平取雙側(cè)α=0.05。結(jié)果:1.評(píng)估模型構(gòu)建:共發(fā)放問(wèn)卷1700份,回收有效問(wèn)卷1618份,有效回收率95.2%。受調(diào)查人群在性別、年齡、婚姻、教育水平及崗位方面均分布合理。模型各維度間相關(guān)性分析顯示,工作負(fù)擔(dān)、資本和個(gè)體特征三個(gè)維度均分的相關(guān)系數(shù)具有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P0.05)。完整模型下的結(jié)構(gòu)方程擬合結(jié)果顯示模型AGFI為0.937,NNFI為0.953,IFI為0.963,RMSEA為0.058,表明模型擬合良好。路徑系數(shù)大小和方向均證實(shí)模型構(gòu)建的五個(gè)實(shí)證假設(shè)合理,即緊張危險(xiǎn)因子與緊張感呈正相關(guān)關(guān)聯(lián),與滿意感呈負(fù)相關(guān)關(guān)聯(lián);緊張保護(hù)因子則相反。模型在不同性別、年齡、教育背景、婚姻和崗位的人群中均具有良好的適用性。ROC曲線分析表明,模型具有出色的預(yù)測(cè)特異性與良好的預(yù)測(cè)敏感性,最優(yōu)Youden指數(shù)顯示模型緊張判定靈敏度65.5%,特異度80.0%。各條目?jī)?nèi)部一致性信度分析結(jié)果表明,入選變量或維度均具有良好的內(nèi)部一致性。Chronbach' α系數(shù)值在0.750～0.929之間,探索性因子分析生成的6個(gè)主成分因子與工作負(fù)擔(dān)-應(yīng)對(duì)資本模型假設(shè)一致。判別效度評(píng)估顯示,在性別、年齡、婚姻、教育及崗位等方面,量表測(cè)量維度均表現(xiàn)出較好的區(qū)分效度。2.模型早期健康效應(yīng)流行病學(xué)分析部分:共發(fā)放6800份問(wèn)卷,收集6491例有效樣本數(shù)據(jù),有效回收率為95.5%。單因素和多因素分析顯示工作負(fù)擔(dān)-資本模型的工作資本和工作負(fù)擔(dān)維度對(duì)職業(yè)緊張?jiān)缙诮】敌?yīng)具有明確的關(guān)聯(lián);在情感耗竭和生活滿意度判定方面,工作負(fù)擔(dān)具有更大的影響和貢獻(xiàn),而對(duì)于人格解體、個(gè)體成就感、抑郁障礙及滿意度得分方面則是工作資本貢獻(xiàn)更大;對(duì)于睡眠障礙和職業(yè)倦怠整體模型來(lái)講,工作負(fù)擔(dān)和工作資本的流行病學(xué)價(jià)值均良好;同時(shí)個(gè)體特征作為有效的調(diào)節(jié)變量,不僅對(duì)職業(yè)緊張?jiān)缙诮】敌?yīng)產(chǎn)生直接影響,并且可明確調(diào)節(jié)工作負(fù)擔(dān)和工作資本對(duì)早期的健康影響效應(yīng)。結(jié)論:職業(yè)緊張工作負(fù)擔(dān)-資本模型數(shù)據(jù)擬合效果良好,可為我國(guó)后續(xù)職業(yè)緊張更加深入的研究提供依據(jù)。模型對(duì)職業(yè)緊張?jiān)缙诮】敌?yīng)具有明確的流行病學(xué)價(jià)值,在職業(yè)人群身心健康促進(jìn)干預(yù)項(xiàng)目中,可根據(jù)不同緊張因子對(duì)職業(yè)緊張?jiān)缙诮】挡煌挠绊懶?yīng),進(jìn)行更加有針對(duì)性的設(shè)計(jì)和實(shí)施,以更高效地促進(jìn)職業(yè)人群的身心健康。
[Abstract]:Objective: the purpose of this study is to construct a theoretical model of occupational stress and capital, which is in line with the characteristics of the occupational population in China, and to provide effective theoretical basis and tools for the assessment and intervention of occupational stress in China. The epidemiological value of early health effects was evaluated. Methods: through the literature review and expert interviews, the data were collected by cross sectional typical survey method. The Pearl River Delta, the Yangtze River Delta, the Bohai and the central and western regions of the Electronic Manufacturing Services (EMS) were selected. District as a survey area, and finally in the Guangdong (Pearl River Delta), Jiangsu (Yangtze River Delta), Beijing (ring Bohai), Tianjin (Bohai), Hunan (central and Western) and Sichuan (Midwest) and other provinces and cities to carry out a questionnaire survey. After the model construction, the above 6 provinces and cities continue to select the typical cross-sectional survey method to collect data, aiming at the model of the profession. The early health effects of tension were evaluated, in which the early health effects of occupational stress included four indicators such as job burnout, depressive disorder, sleep disorder and life satisfaction. Data were recorded by Epi.Data3.1 and SPSS22.0 and AMOS21.0 were used to analyze the data. Model Construction: first, Chronbach'alpha test was used. Secondly, Pearson 22 correlation analysis is carried out to explore the correlation and relation between the various dimensions and factors of the model. Structural equation model analysis (confirmatory factor analysis) is used to test the fitting of the application of data in the work burden capital model. Exploratory factor analysis and reliability and validity A general statistical description (frequency, percentage, average, median, standard deviation, etc.), column table x2 test, health effect score, and job requirements were used in the early health effect epidemiological analysis on the description of the demographic characteristics of the subjects, health status, occupational factors, etc. T test and single factor analysis of variance were used in the analysis of the single factor analysis, and the multiple factor analysis was analyzed by multiple linear regression, Logistic regression analysis and stratified regression analysis. The analysis of direct and indirect effects was made by structural Fang Chengmo path analysis. The test level was taken as a result of bilateral alpha =0.05.: 1. The evaluation model was constructed: 1700 questionnaires were issued and 1618 valid questionnaires were recovered. The effective recovery rate 95.2%. was reasonably distributed in gender, age, marriage, education level and post. The correlation analysis between the various dimensions of the model dimensions showed that the correlation coefficient of the three dimensions of work burden, capital and individual characteristics had statistical significance. (P0.05). The results of the structural equation fitting under the complete model showed that the model AGFI was 0.937, NNFI was 0.953, IFI was 0.963, and RMSEA was 0.058, which showed that the model fitted well. The size and direction of the path coefficient proved that the five positivist hypotheses constructed by the model were positively correlated with tension and tension, and negatively correlated with the satisfaction. The model has good applicability of.ROC curve analysis in different sex, age, educational background, marriage and post. The model has excellent predictive specificity and good predictive sensitivity, the optimal Youden index display model is 65.5%, and the specific 80.0%. entries are within each entry. The results of consistency reliability analysis showed that the selected variables or dimensions had good internal consistency.Chronbach'alpha values between 0.750 and 0.929. The 6 principal component factors generated by exploratory factor analysis were consistent with the assumption of the work burden - coping capital model. Discriminant validity assessment was shown in gender, age, marriage, education and post. In terms of the dimensions, the measurement dimension of the scale showed a good epidemiological analysis part of the early health effect of the.2. model: a total of 6800 questionnaires were issued and 6491 effective sample data were collected. The effective recovery rate was 95.5%. single factor and multi factor analysis. The work capital and the work burden dimension of the capital model were stressed on the occupational stress. Early health effects have a clear association; the work burden has a greater impact and contribution on emotional exhaustion and life satisfaction, while the contribution to personality disintegration, individual accomplishment, depressive disorder and satisfaction scores is greater, and the work burden on the holistic model of sleepless and job burnout. The epidemiological value of the work capital and the working capital are all good. At the same time, as an effective regulating variable, the individual characteristics not only have a direct impact on the early health effect of occupational stress, but also can clearly regulate the impact of work burden and working capital on early health effects. It provides a basis for further research on the further occupational stress in China. The model has a clear epidemiological value on the early health effects of occupational stress. In the intervention projects of the occupational health and physical health promotion, we can make more targeted designs according to the effects of different tension factors on the early health of occupational stress. In order to promote the physical and mental health of the occupational population more effectively.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：中國(guó)疾病預(yù)防控制中心
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：R131

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