本文選題：天然氣凈化 + 職業(yè)病危害��； 參考：《第三軍醫(yī)大學(xué)》2012年碩士論文

【摘要】：隨著國(guó)民經(jīng)濟(jì)的持續(xù)快速增長(zhǎng)，我國(guó)天然氣的消費(fèi)需求迅猛遞增，，供需缺口逐年加大，制約了社會(huì)經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展。因此近年來(lái)天然氣凈化工程建設(shè)項(xiàng)目快速發(fā)展，而天然氣凈化工程建設(shè)項(xiàng)目產(chǎn)生的職業(yè)病危害也不容忽視，成為擺在社會(huì)面前的一個(gè)新課題。本課題對(duì)重慶市天然氣凈化企業(yè)職業(yè)病危害分析與控制對(duì)策進(jìn)行研究。 研究目的:對(duì)重慶市天然氣凈化企業(yè)的職業(yè)病危害進(jìn)行分析,探討該類項(xiàng)目存在的職業(yè)病危害因素及其危害程度，評(píng)價(jià)現(xiàn)有的控制對(duì)策和方法，為同類企業(yè)的職業(yè)病危害防治提供科學(xué)的依據(jù)。 方法:對(duì)重慶市已建成并投產(chǎn)的5家天然氣凈化廠采用查閱文獻(xiàn)、工程分析和職業(yè)衛(wèi)生學(xué)調(diào)查的方法進(jìn)行職業(yè)病危害因素分析，依據(jù)《作業(yè)場(chǎng)所噪聲測(cè)量規(guī)范》(WS/T69-1996）、《工作場(chǎng)所物理因素測(cè)量第8部分：噪聲》(GBZ/T189.8-2007)、《作業(yè)場(chǎng)所空氣中粉塵測(cè)定第一部分：總粉塵濃度》(GBZ/T192.1-2007）、《工作場(chǎng)所空氣有毒物質(zhì)測(cè)定—硫化物》(GBZ/T160.33-2004）、《工作場(chǎng)所空氣有毒物質(zhì)測(cè)定—無(wú)機(jī)含碳化合物》(GBZ/T160.28-2004）等國(guó)家標(biāo)準(zhǔn)方法對(duì)主要有害因素噪聲、粉塵、硫化氫、二氧化硫、一氧化碳等進(jìn)行濃(強(qiáng)）度監(jiān)測(cè)，依托具有職業(yè)健康體檢資質(zhì)的職業(yè)衛(wèi)生服務(wù)機(jī)構(gòu)對(duì)研究對(duì)象的作業(yè)人員進(jìn)行職業(yè)健康檢查。 結(jié)果:1.研究對(duì)象存在的主要職業(yè)病危害因素有：噪聲、硫化氫、二氧化硫、一氧化碳、粉塵。接觸機(jī)會(huì)主要是現(xiàn)場(chǎng)巡檢、操作、泄漏或檢修時(shí)，以噪聲、硫化氫的接觸機(jī)會(huì)最大。此外，還存在夜班作業(yè)，勞動(dòng)時(shí)間過長(zhǎng)的不合理的勞動(dòng)制度，以及密閉空間作業(yè)時(shí)所帶來(lái)的職業(yè)危害。2.除研究對(duì)象1的工作場(chǎng)所噪聲強(qiáng)度有不合格點(diǎn)外，其余研究對(duì)象的噪聲強(qiáng)度監(jiān)測(cè)結(jié)果合格率為100%，各類風(fēng)機(jī)和泵是主要噪聲源和噪聲關(guān)鍵控制點(diǎn)；研究對(duì)象作業(yè)場(chǎng)所包括硫化氫在內(nèi)的主要化學(xué)有害因素的濃度均控制較好，均未出現(xiàn)化學(xué)因素超標(biāo)的情況，閥門、管道或裝置的接駁口、液硫池，以及檢修崗位是硫化氫的關(guān)鍵控制點(diǎn)。3.研究對(duì)象的職業(yè)性健康監(jiān)護(hù)受檢率均高于90%，未發(fā)現(xiàn)職業(yè)禁忌者和職業(yè)病患者，但隨著接噪工齡的增長(zhǎng)，且防噪聲耳塞使用率低，噪聲的危害不容忽視。4.研究對(duì)象已采取了防塵毒、防暑降溫、防噪聲等措施，但存在不足之處。 結(jié)論：針對(duì)本次調(diào)查的5家天然氣凈化企業(yè)：1.噪聲、硫化氫是重點(diǎn)職業(yè)病危害因素。2.各類風(fēng)機(jī)和泵是主要噪聲源和噪聲關(guān)鍵控制點(diǎn)；閥門、管道或裝置的接駁口、液硫池口、以及檢修崗位是硫化氫的關(guān)鍵控制點(diǎn)。3.職業(yè)健康監(jiān)護(hù)工作應(yīng)長(zhǎng)期持續(xù)開展。4.企業(yè)重視職業(yè)衛(wèi)生管理工作是防治職業(yè)病危害的核心，自動(dòng)化、密閉化運(yùn)行是保障作業(yè)場(chǎng)所有毒有害物質(zhì)處于較低水平的關(guān)鍵，應(yīng)急救援和個(gè)人防護(hù)措施是防止急性中毒的保障，合理的勞動(dòng)制度和密閉空間作業(yè)的防護(hù)設(shè)計(jì)不容忽視。
[Abstract]:With the sustained and rapid growth of the national economy, the consumption demand of natural gas in China is increasing rapidly, and the gap between supply and demand is increasing year by year, which restricts the development of social economy. Therefore, in recent years, the natural gas purification project construction project has developed rapidly, and the occupational disease hazards caused by the natural gas purification project construction project can not be ignored, which has become a new topic in front of the society. This paper studies the occupational hazard analysis and control strategy of natural gas purification enterprises in Chongqing. Objective: to analyze the occupational hazards of natural gas purification enterprises in Chongqing, to discuss the occupational hazard factors and their harm degree, and to evaluate the existing control strategies and methods. To provide scientific basis for the prevention and control of occupational disease hazards in similar enterprises. Methods: five natural gas purification plants which have been completed and put into production in Chongqing were analyzed by consulting literature, engineering analysis and occupational hygiene investigation. According to the "Code for noise Measurement in workplaces" / WSR / T69-1996, < Measurement of physical factors in the Workplace-part 8: noise > GBZ / T189.8-2007, < determination of Dust in the Air of the Workplace part I: total Dust concentration > GBZ / T192.1-2007, < determination of toxic substances in Workplace Air-sulfides- National standard methods such as GBZ / T160.33-2004, determination of noxious substances in workplace air-inorganic carbohydrates > GBZ / T160.28-2004, etc., have a negative effect on the noise of major harmful factors. Dust, hydrogen sulfide, sulfur dioxide, carbon monoxide were monitored for concentration (strong) degree, and occupational health examination was carried out by the occupational health service organization with the qualification of occupational health examination. The result is 1: 1. The main occupational hazards were noise, hydrogen sulfide, sulfur dioxide, carbon monoxide and dust. Contact opportunities are mainly on-site inspection, operation, leakage or maintenance, noise, hydrogen sulfide contact is the greatest opportunity. In addition, there are night work, long hours of unreasonable labor system, as well as the work in confined space occupational hazards. 2. In addition to the unqualified point of noise intensity in the workplace of study object 1, the qualified rate of noise intensity monitoring results of other research objects is 100. All kinds of fans and pumps are the main noise sources and key noise control points. The concentration of major chemical harmful factors, including hydrogen sulfide, was well controlled, and no chemical factors exceeded the standard. Valve, pipe or device connection, liquid sulfur tank, And maintenance position is the key control point of hydrogen sulfide. 3. The rate of occupational health monitoring was higher than 90, and no occupational contraindication or occupational disease was found. However, with the increase of noise exposure and the low use rate of noise ear plugs, the harm of noise can not be ignored. Some measures have been taken to prevent dust poison, heat and temperature, and noise, but there are some shortcomings. Conclusion: the five natural gas purification enterprises investigated in this paper are: 1. 1. Noise, hydrogen sulfide is the key occupational hazards. All types of fans and pumps are the main noise sources and noise critical control points; valves, pipes or equipment connection, liquid sulfur pool port, and maintenance position is the key control point of hydrogen sulfide .3. Occupational health monitoring should be carried out continuously for a long time. Enterprises pay attention to occupational health management is the core of prevention and control of occupational disease hazards, automation, airtight operation is the key to ensure the lower level of toxic and harmful substances in the workplace. Emergency rescue and personal protective measures are the protection against acute poisoning. Reasonable labor system and protective design of closed space operation can not be ignored.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：第三軍醫(yī)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2012
【分類號(hào)】：R13

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