本文選題：鎘 + 尿鎘��； 參考：《中國(guó)職業(yè)醫(yī)學(xué)》2015年06期

【摘要】：目的探討鎘接觸對(duì)作業(yè)工人鼻腔的損害。方法以整群抽樣的方法選擇某2家蓄電池企業(yè)共1 367名作業(yè)工人為調(diào)查對(duì)象,分別以工作場(chǎng)所空氣中鎘及其化合物水平超標(biāo)5倍及以上、小于5倍和不超標(biāo)的457、581和329名作業(yè)工人作為高接觸組、低接觸組和接觸對(duì)照組;另以不接觸鎘及其他可能引起鼻腔損害的化學(xué)物的309名作業(yè)工人為正常對(duì)照組。檢測(cè)該2家蓄電池企業(yè)工作場(chǎng)所空氣中鎘及其化合物水平,同時(shí)對(duì)上述4組作業(yè)工人進(jìn)行尿鎘水平檢測(cè),并進(jìn)行鼻腔檢查和嗅覺(jué)檢查。結(jié)果 2家蓄電池企業(yè)工作場(chǎng)所空氣中鎘及其化合物超標(biāo)率為75.68%(28/37)。1 367名蓄電池企業(yè)作業(yè)工人尿鎘水平超標(biāo)者455例(超標(biāo)率為33.28%),其中高接觸組超標(biāo)率為71.99%,低接觸組超標(biāo)率為21.69%。接觸組作業(yè)工人鼻腔自覺(jué)癥狀以嗅覺(jué)減退為主,其次為鼻干燥、灼痛和鼻衄;鼻腔體征以充血為主,其次為糜爛、腫脹和潰瘍;檢出嗅覺(jué)減退者399例(檢出率為29.19%),嗅覺(jué)喪失者19例(檢出率為1.39%);且隨著接觸鎘及其化合物水平的增加,作業(yè)工人鼻腔自覺(jué)癥狀、體征、嗅覺(jué)減退和嗅覺(jué)喪失檢出率均隨之增加(P0.05)。鼻腔糜爛部位以鼻中隔中部為主,左右鼻腔發(fā)生部位基本一致。尿鎘超標(biāo)作業(yè)工人嗅覺(jué)減退、鼻干燥、灼痛和鼻衄癥狀檢出率為97.58%、8.57%、6.59%和1.10%,充血、糜爛、腫脹和潰瘍的鼻腔體征檢出率分別為99.78%、81.10%、73.85%和38.68%。結(jié)論蓄電池企業(yè)工作場(chǎng)所空氣中鎘及其化合物污染嚴(yán)重,應(yīng)重視鎘對(duì)鼻腔損害的防治工作。
[Abstract]:Objective to study the damage of exposure to cadmium to nasal cavity of workers. Methods A total of 1 367 workers in two battery enterprises were selected by cluster sampling. The levels of cadmium and its compounds in the workplace air were 5 times or more than the standard, respectively. 457581 and 329 workers with less than 5 times and no more than the standard were treated as high exposure group, low exposure group and exposure control group, and 309 workers who were not exposed to cadmium and other chemicals that may cause nasal damage were taken as normal control group. The levels of cadmium and its compounds in the workplace of the two storage battery enterprises were detected. The urine cadmium levels, nasal cavity examination and olfactory examination were also performed in the above four groups of workers. Results the excess rate of cadmium and its compounds in the workplace air of two battery enterprises was 75.68 / 37.1 / 367 (33.28%) and 21.69 (P < 0.05) in the high contact group and the low contact group respectively. The results showed that there were 455 cases whose urine cadmium level exceeded the standard (33.28%) in the high contact group, and 21.69 in the low contact group (P < 0.05), and the above standard rate was 71.99% in the high contact group and 21.69 in the low contact group. In the exposed group, the main symptoms of nasal cavity were olfactory decline, followed by dry nose, searing pain and epistaxis, hyperemia, erosion, swelling and ulcer. 399 cases (detection rate 29.19%) and 19 cases (1.39%) of olfactory loss were detected, and with the increase of exposure to cadmium and its compounds, the positive rates of nasal symptoms, signs, loss of olfaction and loss of olfactory were increased with the increase of exposure to cadmium and its compounds. Nasal erosion in the middle part of the nasal septum, left and right nasal cavity location is basically the same. The detection rates of olfaction, dry nose, burning pain and epistaxis were 97.58% and 1.10% respectively. The detection rates of nasal signs of congestion, erosion, swelling and ulcer were 99.7881.10% and 38.68%, respectively. Conclusion the pollution of cadmium and its compounds in the workplace of storage battery enterprises is serious, so we should pay attention to the prevention and treatment of cadmium damage to nasal cavity.
【作者單位】： 新鄉(xiāng)市職業(yè)病防治研究所;
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：R135.91

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本文編號(hào)：2035569