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  本文選題：農(nóng)村婦女 + 孕產(chǎn)期保健��； 參考：《山西醫(yī)科大學(xué)》2012年碩士論文

【摘要】：目的：描述山西省農(nóng)村婦女的孕產(chǎn)期保健現(xiàn)狀及存在的主要問題，分析影響該地區(qū)婦女孕產(chǎn)期保健服務(wù)利用的因素，探討提高農(nóng)村婦女孕產(chǎn)期保健服務(wù)利用率的有效措施。 方法：采用多階段抽樣的方法從山西省的五個項目縣中抽取20個村，每個村在當(dāng)?shù)鼐幼∫荒暌陨锨?009年3月1日～2011年3月1日期間分娩的20~45周歲育齡期婦女作為調(diào)查對象。調(diào)查時間為2011年4月1日～2011年5月31日。根據(jù)自愿原則，采取集中和入戶的形式對調(diào)查對象進行面對面的問卷調(diào)查，內(nèi)容包括婦女的一般情況、疾病史、不良孕產(chǎn)史（自然流產(chǎn)、死胎死產(chǎn)、生育畸形兒和智力低下兒）、孕產(chǎn)期保健知識知曉情況、孕產(chǎn)期保健需求情況、孕產(chǎn)期保健服務(wù)利用情況。 結(jié)果：（1）孕產(chǎn)期保健知識知曉情況、獲取途徑及影響因素：山西省農(nóng)村婦女對孕產(chǎn)期保健知識的答對率都超過了70%，孕產(chǎn)期保健知識全答對者有772人，占總?cè)藬?shù)的38.8%。掌握最好的是孕期接觸射線對胎兒影響的知識，答對率為95.7%；正確率最低的是孕期體重增加是否越多越好，回答正確率為73.7%；大部分的調(diào)查對象都能夠通過多種途徑獲取孕產(chǎn)期保健知識，其中75.9%的調(diào)查對象都能夠通過醫(yī)務(wù)人員或者計生服務(wù)人員這種較為專業(yè)的途徑獲取保健知識，只有31.6%的調(diào)查對象通過網(wǎng)絡(luò)獲取保健知識。多因素logistic回歸分析顯示不同文化程度的婦女其孕產(chǎn)期保健知識的中、高水平與低水平的差異有統(tǒng)計學(xué)意義（p＜0.05）。 （2）孕產(chǎn)期保健需求和利用情況：調(diào)查對象對孕產(chǎn)期保健知識和孕產(chǎn)期保健服務(wù)有較強烈的需求，各項孕產(chǎn)期保健知識和孕產(chǎn)期保健服務(wù)項目的需求人數(shù)都超過了80%；91.4%的調(diào)查對象都做過產(chǎn)前檢查，其中產(chǎn)前檢查≥5次的占到25.3%，孕早期檢查率、住院分娩率、產(chǎn)后訪視率分別為71.0%、88.5%、20.3%。 （3）孕產(chǎn)期保健服務(wù)利用的影響因素：logistic回歸分析結(jié)果顯示：影響5次以上產(chǎn)前檢查率的主要因素有婦女的年齡、不良孕產(chǎn)史及使用最常用的交通方式到達(dá)最近的醫(yī)療保健機構(gòu)所需要的時間（以下統(tǒng)稱為距離）；影響住院分娩的主要因素有婦女的年齡、文化程度、現(xiàn)有子女?dāng)?shù)、家庭年總收入、不良孕產(chǎn)史以及距離；影響產(chǎn)后訪視的主要因素有婦女的職業(yè)、文化程度、不良孕產(chǎn)史、家庭年總收入以及距離；影響孕早期檢查的主要因素有婦女的文化程度、不良孕產(chǎn)史以及孕產(chǎn)期保健知識的評分等級。 結(jié)論：山西省農(nóng)村婦女對孕產(chǎn)期保健知識的知曉情況較為理想，對孕產(chǎn)期保健有強烈的需求，但是對孕產(chǎn)期保健服務(wù)的利用率低。經(jīng)濟狀況差、文化水平低、距離醫(yī)療保健機構(gòu)的距離遠(yuǎn)是影響山西省農(nóng)村婦女孕產(chǎn)期保健服務(wù)利用的主要影響因素。針對不同特征的人群應(yīng)該分別制定有效的健康教育宣傳方式，有重點的進行健康教育宣傳，同時應(yīng)該探索新的政府投入方式和孕產(chǎn)期保健服務(wù)提供模式，，以保證低收入者對孕產(chǎn)期保健服務(wù)的利用。
[Abstract]:Objective: to describe the status and main problems of pregnant and maternity health care in rural women in Shanxi Province, analyze the factors affecting the utilization of maternal health service during pregnancy and maternity in this area, and discuss the effective measures to improve the utilization rate of rural women's pregnancy and childbirth health service.
Methods: a multi stage sampling method was used to extract 20 villages from five counties in Shanxi province. In each village, the 20~45 year old women of childbearing age who lived for more than one year and during the period from March 1, 2009 to March 1, 2011 were investigated. The survey time was from April 1, 2011 to May 31, 2011. The questionnaire survey was conducted on the subjects, including the general situation of women, the history of disease, the history of bad pregnancy (natural abortion, stillbirth, birth deformity and mental retardation), the awareness of health knowledge of pregnancy and maternity, the condition of pregnancy and maternity health care, and the utilization of health care service during pregnancy and childbirth.
Results: (1) the knowledge of health care knowledge of pregnancy and childbirth, the way of obtaining and influencing factors: the rate of answer to the health knowledge of pregnant women in Shanxi province was more than 70%, and the total number of pregnant and maternity health knowledge was 772, and the best knowledge of exposure to the fetus during pregnancy was 95.7%; the correct answer rate was 95.7%; The lowest was the more the better the weight gain during pregnancy, and the correct answer was 73.7%. Most of the respondents were able to obtain prenatal health knowledge through a variety of ways, and 75.9% of the respondents were able to get health knowledge through a more specialized way of medical staff or family planning staff, only 31.6%. Multiple factor Logistic regression analysis showed that there was a significant difference between high and low levels of health knowledge among women with different levels of culture (P < 0.05).
(2) the health needs and utilization of pregnancy and Maternity: the respondents had a strong demand for the health knowledge of pregnancy and the health service of pregnancy and maternity, and more than 80% of the health knowledge of pregnancy and maternity care services were more than 80%; 91.4% of the respondents had done antenatal examination, and 25.3% of the antenatal examinations were more than 5 times. Early detection rate, hospital delivery rate and postpartum visit rate were 71%, 88.5%, 20.3%.
(3) factors affecting the utilization of maternity care service: the logistic regression analysis showed that the main factors affecting the rate of prenatal examination over 5 times were the age of women, the history of bad pregnancy and the time needed to reach the nearest health care institution using the most commonly used mode of transportation (hereinafter referred to as the distance); the main factors affecting the hospitalization of childbirth. The factors include the age of women, the degree of education, the number of existing children, the total annual income of the family, the history of bad pregnancy and the distance. The main factors affecting postpartum visits are the occupation of women, the degree of education, the history of bad pregnancy, the total family income and the distance; the main factors affecting the early pregnancy examination are the educational level of women and the history of bad pregnancy. And the grading of health knowledge of pregnancy and maternity.
Conclusion: the awareness of health care knowledge of pregnant and maternity in Shanxi rural women is more ideal, and it has strong demand for pregnancy and maternity health care, but the utilization rate of health care service is low. The economic situation is poor, the cultural level is low and the distance from the health care institutions is far from that of the rural women in Shanxi province. In order to ensure the utilization of health care service for the low income people, the people of different characteristics should formulate effective health education publicity methods and focus on the health education and propaganda, and explore new mode of government investment and the delivery mode of pregnancy and maternity care service.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：山西醫(yī)科大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2012
【分類號】：R173

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