發(fā)布時(shí)間：2018-06-12 20:20

  本文選題：錫冶煉粉塵 + 特異性肺損傷�。� 參考：《廣西醫(yī)科大學(xué)》2013年碩士論文

【摘要】：錫冶煉生產(chǎn)性粉塵是一種多成分的混合型粉塵,錫冶煉工人在生產(chǎn)作業(yè)中接觸這類粉塵后是否會(huì)造成特異性的肺損傷,即肺部纖維化,一直是學(xué)術(shù)界爭(zhēng)論的問(wèn)題之一,為了探討錫冶煉生產(chǎn)性粉塵對(duì)肺組織的損傷及其性質(zhì)和程度,為錫冶煉工塵肺是否應(yīng)納入國(guó)家法定職業(yè)病范疇提供佐證。 目的：探討錫冶煉生產(chǎn)性粉塵是否能導(dǎo)致大鼠長(zhǎng)期肺損傷及錫冶煉工塵肺的動(dòng)態(tài)特異性病理學(xué)變化,為錫冶煉工塵肺診斷提供重要的確診證據(jù)。 方法：選擇SPF級(jí)成年SD大鼠(180-220g)44只,分四組各9-13只,隨機(jī)分為生理鹽水陰性對(duì)照組,標(biāo)準(zhǔn)石英粉塵對(duì)照組(用93%的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)石英粉塵染塵),錫精煉車間粉塵組,錫粗煉車間粉塵組,用非暴露式染塵法進(jìn)行有色金屬錫粉塵一次性染塵動(dòng)物實(shí)驗(yàn),染塵劑量為50mg/只,觀察大鼠染塵后180天和270天的肺的組織病理學(xué)變化,并測(cè)量大鼠體重及全肺濕重,計(jì)算肺臟器系數(shù),對(duì)肺組織標(biāo)本用氯胺-T法測(cè)量全肺膠原含量,應(yīng)用SPSS16.0統(tǒng)計(jì)分析軟件分析各組間大鼠全肺膠原蛋白含量的差異,肺臟器系數(shù)的差異。 結(jié)果：(1)關(guān)于肺臟器系數(shù)的結(jié)果：染塵后第180天,各組大鼠肺臟器系數(shù)比較結(jié)果為,錫精煉車間粉塵組肺臟器系數(shù)高于陰性對(duì)照組肺臟器系數(shù),兩組差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P0.05)；錫粗煉車間粉塵組肺臟器系數(shù)略高于陰性對(duì)照組肺臟器系數(shù),統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)差異不明顯(P0.05)；錫粗煉車間粉塵粉塵組及錫精煉車間粉塵組肺臟器系數(shù)均低于陽(yáng)性對(duì)照組肺臟器系數(shù),差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P0.05)染塵后第270天,錫粗煉車間粉塵組肺臟器系數(shù)高于陰性對(duì)照組低于陽(yáng)性對(duì)照組,差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P0.05)；錫精煉車間粉塵組肺臟器系數(shù)亦高于陰性對(duì)照組且低于陽(yáng)性對(duì)照組,差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P0.05)。 (2)實(shí)驗(yàn)SD大鼠在染錫塵180天后肉眼觀兩肺表面呈灰黑色,鏡下觀部分細(xì)小支氣管和肺泡周圍可見(jiàn)折光性強(qiáng)的粉塵顆粒沉著,呈散在塵灶／細(xì)胞結(jié)節(jié)和炎性肉芽腫分布,伴少許纖維組織增生及膠原纖維形成,形成Ⅰ級(jí)或Ⅱ級(jí)纖維化；第270天后的眼觀表現(xiàn)與染塵后180天時(shí)相似,鏡下觀可見(jiàn)在肺內(nèi)細(xì)小支氣管周圍可見(jiàn)散在的黑色粉塵顆粒沉著,少量塵灶／細(xì)胞結(jié)節(jié)和炎性肉芽腫形成,結(jié)節(jié)內(nèi)可見(jiàn)少量纖維組織增生和少量膠原纖維形成,VG染色(Van Gieson氏染色法)陽(yáng)性,個(gè)別塵灶表現(xiàn)為明顯的纖維性結(jié)節(jié),纖維化程度為Ⅱ級(jí)。 (3)關(guān)于全肺膠原含量的結(jié)果：染塵后30天,粗煉車間粉塵組、精煉車間粉塵組全肺膠原蛋白含量略高于陰性對(duì)照組而低于陽(yáng)性對(duì)照組,差異無(wú)統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P0.05)。染塵后90天,粗煉車間粉塵組全肺膠原含量高于陰性對(duì)照組且低于陽(yáng)性對(duì)照組,差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P0.05)；精煉車間粉塵組全肺膠原蛋白含量亦高于陰性對(duì)照組且低于陽(yáng)性對(duì)照組,差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P0.05)。染塵后第180天,精煉車間粉塵組全肺膠原蛋白含量高于陰性對(duì)照組,差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P0.05),其值略高于同期陽(yáng)性對(duì)照組,差異無(wú)統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P0.05)；粗煉車間粉塵組的全肺膠原蛋白含量高于陰性對(duì)照組,統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)差異明顯(P0.05),其值略高于陽(yáng)性對(duì)照組,差異無(wú)統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P0.05)。染塵后270天,粗煉車間粉塵組全肺膠原蛋白含量高于陰性對(duì)照組全肺膠原蛋白含量,差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P0.05),其值亦低于陽(yáng)性對(duì)照組差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)差異(P0.05),精煉車間粉塵組全肺膠原蛋白含量高于陰性對(duì)照組的全肺膠原蛋白含量,差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P0.05),但其值比陽(yáng)性對(duì)照組略低,差異無(wú)統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P0.05)。 結(jié)論：(1)大鼠染錫塵180天和270天后肺臟器系數(shù)明顯增高,說(shuō)明本組實(shí)驗(yàn)SD大鼠染錫塵后肺臟存在炎性滲出或細(xì)胞及纖維等組織增生。 (2)我們對(duì)實(shí)驗(yàn)動(dòng)物染錫冶煉生產(chǎn)性粉塵后進(jìn)行觀察,在陽(yáng)性對(duì)照組及錫粗煉車間粉塵組和錫精煉車間粉塵組的肺部病理形態(tài)學(xué)觀察中肉眼都可見(jiàn)兩肺表面顏色異常的細(xì)小斑點(diǎn),鏡下觀在兩肺內(nèi)細(xì)小支氣管和肺泡周圍都可見(jiàn)散在的灶性顆粒沉著,有少量塵灶/細(xì)胞結(jié)節(jié)和炎性肉芽腫形成,結(jié)節(jié)內(nèi)可見(jiàn)少量纖維組織增生和少量膠原纖維形成,VG染色陽(yáng)性,個(gè)別塵灶表現(xiàn)為明顯的纖維性結(jié)節(jié),達(dá)到Ⅰ～Ⅱ級(jí),個(gè)別達(dá)到Ⅲ級(jí)纖維化。病理學(xué)特點(diǎn)是由典型病變漸變不典型、由病變程度重漸變程度輕,并且各組病變隨著實(shí)驗(yàn)觀察期由180天延長(zhǎng)至270天,出現(xiàn)病變更典型、加重和趨于慢性纖維病變。 (3)實(shí)驗(yàn)動(dòng)物染塵后,全肺膠原蛋白含量隨著觀察期的增長(zhǎng)出現(xiàn)明顯的升高,說(shuō)明在染錫冶煉粉塵后大鼠肺部發(fā)生了較為明顯的纖維化病變或增生。
[Abstract]:Tin smelting productive dust is a multicomponent mixed type of dust. It is one of the disputes in academic circles whether tin smelters can cause specific lung injury after exposure to this kind of dust, that is, pulmonary fibrosis. In order to explore the damage to the lung tissue by tin smelting dust and its nature and degree, it is tin smelt. Whether the pneumoconiosis should be included in the scope of the statutory occupational disease in the state is to provide evidence.
Objective: To investigate whether tin smelting productive dust can lead to chronic lung injury in rats and the dynamic specific pathological changes of pneumoconiosis in Tin Smelter, and provide an important diagnostic evidence for the diagnosis of pneumoconiosis in tin smelters.
Methods: 44 adult SD rats (180-220g) were selected and divided into four groups of 9-13 rats, which were randomly divided into normal saline negative control group, standard quartz dust control group (using 93% standard quartz dust), tin refining workshop dust group, tin smelting workshop dust group and non-ferrous tin dusts in one time. The dose of dust was 50mg/ only. The histopathological changes of lung were observed at 180 days and 270 days after the rats were exposed to dust. The weight of the rats and the whole lung wet weight were measured. The lung organ coefficient was calculated. The total lung collagen content was measured by the chloramine -T method. The difference of collagen content in the whole lung of the rats was analyzed by the SPSS16.0 statistical analysis software. Differences in lung organ coefficient.
Results: (1) the result of lung organ coefficient: the pulmonary organ coefficient of each group was higher than that of the negative control group, the coefficient of lung organ coefficient was higher than that of the negative control group at 180th days after the dyeing, and the two groups were statistically significant (P0.05), and the lung organ coefficient of the powder dust group was slightly higher than that of the negative control group. The statistical difference was not obvious (P0.05). The lung organ coefficient of dust group and tin refining workshop in tin refining workshop was lower than that of positive control group, and the difference was statistically significant (P0.05) 270th days after the dust collection, the lung organ coefficient of the dust group in the tin refining workshop was higher than that of the negative control group, and the difference was statistically significant. Academic significance (P0.05); the lung organ coefficient of dust group in tin refining workshop was also higher than that in negative control group and lower than that in positive control group, the difference was statistically significant (P0.05).
(2) in experimental SD rats, after 180 days of dyed tin dust, the surface of the two lung was gray and black. Under the microscope, some small bronchi and bronchoalveolar dust particles were seen around the alveoli, scattered on the dust foci / cell nodules and inflammatory granuloma, with a little fibrous tissue proliferation and fibrous fibrous formation, and formed grade I or grade II fibrosis; twenty-seventh 0 days later, the appearance of the eyes was similar to that of the 180 day after the dust. The scattered black dust particles were seen around the parvos in the lungs, a small amount of dust and cell nodules and inflammatory granulomas were formed. A small amount of fibrous tissue and a small amount of collagen fibers were found in the nodules. VG staining (Van Gieson's staining) was positive. The dust foci showed obvious fibrous nodules, with fibrosis grade II.
(3) the results of the whole lung collagen content: 30 days after the dust, the dust group in the refining workshop, the total lung collagen content in the dust group of the refining workshop was slightly higher than the negative control group, and the difference was lower than the positive control group. The difference was not statistically significant (P0.05). The total lung collagen content in the dust group was higher than that of the negative control group and was lower than the negative control group and lower than the positive control group at 90 days after the dyeing. The total lung collagen content in the dust group of the refining workshop was also higher than that of the negative control group and lower than that of the positive control group (P0.05). The total lung collagen content in the dust group of the refining workshop was higher than that of the negative control group at 180th days after the dyeing. The difference was statistically significant (P0.05), and the value was slightly higher than that of the negative control group (P0.05). In the same period, there was no significant difference in the positive control group (P0.05). The total lung collagen content in the dust group was higher than that of the negative control group (P0.05), and the difference was slightly higher than that of the positive control group (P0.05). The total lung collagen content in the dust group was higher than that of the negative control group (P0.05). The total lung collagen content in the whole lung was statistically significant (P0.05), and its value was also lower than that of the positive control group (P0.05). The total lung collagen content in the dust group of the refining workshop was higher than that of the negative control group, the difference was statistically significant (P0.05), but the difference was slightly lower than that of the positive control group, and the difference was not statistically significant. Learning meaning (P0.05).
Conclusion: (1) the lung organ coefficient of the rats infected with tin dust for 180 days and 270 days was obviously increased, indicating that there was inflammatory exudation in the lungs and the proliferation of cells and fibers in the lungs of the SD rats.
(2) we observe the experimental animals after tin smelting production of dust, in the positive control group and the tin refining workshop dust group and the tin refining workshop dust group of the lung pathomorphology observation in the naked eye can see the two lung surface color abnormal small spots, microscopic view in two lungs in the small bronchi and the alveoli are scattered around the alveoli A small amount of dust foci / cell nodules and inflammatory granulomas were formed. A small amount of fibrous tissue proliferation and a small amount of collagen fibers were found in the nodules. VG staining was positive, and individual dust foci showed obvious fibrous nodules. The degree of change was slightly heavier, and the lesions in each group increased from 180 days to 270 days with the observation period. The lesions were more typical, aggravated and tended to chronic fibrous lesions.
(3) after the experimental animals were exposed to dust, the content of collagen in the whole lung increased significantly with the growth of the observation period, indicating that the lungs of the rats had more obvious fibrosis or hyperplasia in the lungs after the tin smelted dust.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：廣西醫(yī)科大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2013
【分類號(hào)】：R135.2

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