本文選題：大學(xué)生 + 食品營(yíng)養(yǎng)標(biāo)簽��； 參考：《暨南大學(xué)》2013年碩士論文

【摘要】：目的通過(guò)對(duì)廣州高校大學(xué)生對(duì)食品營(yíng)養(yǎng)標(biāo)簽認(rèn)知、態(tài)度和相關(guān)行為（Knowledge-Attitude-Practice，K-A-P）的現(xiàn)況調(diào)查，分析和探討影響大學(xué)生食品營(yíng)養(yǎng)標(biāo)簽K-A-P的因素，為有針對(duì)性的開(kāi)展大學(xué)生食品營(yíng)養(yǎng)標(biāo)簽普及教育和正確使用營(yíng)養(yǎng)標(biāo)簽合理選擇食品提供科學(xué)依據(jù)，并為完善和修訂我國(guó)食品營(yíng)養(yǎng)標(biāo)簽相關(guān)規(guī)定提供有價(jià)值的信息。 方法采取隨機(jī)整群抽樣調(diào)查方法，選取廣州市暨南大學(xué)、華南師范大學(xué)和南方醫(yī)科大學(xué)三所高校，共計(jì)2000名大學(xué)生作為調(diào)查樣本。采用自行設(shè)計(jì)《大學(xué)生食品營(yíng)養(yǎng)標(biāo)簽知、信、行調(diào)查》問(wèn)卷，應(yīng)用描述性統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)方法、2檢驗(yàn)和非條件Logistic回歸統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)方法進(jìn)行調(diào)查數(shù)據(jù)分析。 結(jié)果 1.大學(xué)生食品營(yíng)養(yǎng)標(biāo)簽相關(guān)營(yíng)養(yǎng)知識(shí)平均得分為13.1±2.9，及格率為53.1%，其中女生營(yíng)養(yǎng)知識(shí)得分明顯高于男生（P0.05）；內(nèi)招生營(yíng)養(yǎng)知識(shí)得分明顯高于外招生（P0.05）；醫(yī)藥類(lèi)學(xué)生的營(yíng)養(yǎng)知識(shí)得分最高，其次為理工和文科，藝術(shù)類(lèi)學(xué)生得分最低（P0.05）；家庭人均月收入在1500~2500元之間的學(xué)生營(yíng)養(yǎng)知識(shí)得分最高；大學(xué)生對(duì)食品營(yíng)養(yǎng)標(biāo)簽相關(guān)營(yíng)養(yǎng)知識(shí)內(nèi)容中食物的營(yíng)養(yǎng)成分、蛋白質(zhì)、碳水化合物、脂肪、膳食纖維及膽固醇的主要功能、高能量攝入容易導(dǎo)致肥胖和心血管疾病、佝僂病與缺鈣有關(guān)、高血壓與攝入鹽多有關(guān)等知識(shí)有一定了解，知曉率均超過(guò)50%，但對(duì)碳水化合物保肝解毒作用、動(dòng)物腦含膽固醇最高、高能量攝入容易導(dǎo)致結(jié)腸癌、推薦攝入量(RNI)的知曉率很低，均未超過(guò)16%；對(duì)“中國(guó)居民膳食指南”知曉率僅為29.3%；大學(xué)生的營(yíng)養(yǎng)知識(shí)來(lái)源主要是書(shū)籍、報(bào)刊或雜志（75.8%）和網(wǎng)絡(luò)（60.3%），其次是電視廣播（54.9%）、學(xué)校課堂（50.2%）和食品標(biāo)簽（43.6%），，再次為親人（38.8%）、同學(xué)（26.9%）和培訓(xùn)（7.7%）以及其他途徑（1.9%）。不同性別、生源地、專(zhuān)業(yè)及家庭月人均收入之間在營(yíng)養(yǎng)知識(shí)來(lái)源上存在差異。 2.大學(xué)生對(duì)食品營(yíng)養(yǎng)標(biāo)簽的知曉率為52.6%，其中外招生高于內(nèi)招生、醫(yī)藥類(lèi)高于其它專(zhuān)業(yè)類(lèi)學(xué)生（P0.05）；對(duì)食品營(yíng)養(yǎng)標(biāo)簽的兩項(xiàng)內(nèi)容全部答對(duì)率為29.4%；對(duì)營(yíng)養(yǎng)素參考值(NRV)的知曉率為48.5%，其中醫(yī)藥類(lèi)高于其它專(zhuān)業(yè)類(lèi)學(xué)生（P0.05）；大學(xué)生對(duì)某種方便面“鈣有助于骨骼和牙齒的健康”營(yíng)養(yǎng)聲稱(chēng)的理解與營(yíng)養(yǎng)知識(shí)呈明顯的相關(guān)性，營(yíng)養(yǎng)知識(shí)與持該方便面“高鈣，考慮購(gòu)買(mǎi)”的觀點(diǎn)呈負(fù)相關(guān)，與認(rèn)為“需參考其他營(yíng)養(yǎng)成分”，“高脂高鈉、最好不吃”以及“虛假信息”的理解呈正相關(guān)。 3.87%大學(xué)生認(rèn)為預(yù)包裝食品有必要標(biāo)注食品營(yíng)養(yǎng)標(biāo)簽，認(rèn)為有必要態(tài)度的女生明顯高于男生、內(nèi)招生明顯高于外招生（P0.05）；63.4%的大學(xué)生表示信任食品營(yíng)養(yǎng)標(biāo)簽內(nèi)容，其中醫(yī)藥類(lèi)學(xué)生最高，其次為文科類(lèi)和理科類(lèi)學(xué)生，藝術(shù)類(lèi)最低（P0.05）。單因素非條件Logistic回歸分析顯示，大學(xué)生對(duì)營(yíng)養(yǎng)標(biāo)簽標(biāo)注的必要性和信任度與其營(yíng)養(yǎng)知識(shí)得分呈正相關(guān)關(guān)系。 4.大學(xué)生經(jīng)常使用營(yíng)養(yǎng)標(biāo)簽的比率僅占37.8%，其中想要了解食物的營(yíng)養(yǎng)成分，判斷該食品是否有利健康的學(xué)生占74.7%，為獲得該食品的相關(guān)營(yíng)養(yǎng)知識(shí)的占60.0%，看是否含有病人禁忌的成分，以減少疾病誘發(fā)因素的占69.1%，用食品營(yíng)養(yǎng)標(biāo)簽指導(dǎo)減肥或控制體重的占32.2%；大學(xué)生對(duì)預(yù)包裝食品營(yíng)養(yǎng)標(biāo)簽中營(yíng)養(yǎng)信息部分關(guān)注度最高的為富含膳食纖維（61.1%），其次為高鈣（59.3%）和高蛋白（51.9%），關(guān)注度最低的為全脂（15.7%）。不同性別、生源地、專(zhuān)業(yè)和家庭人均月收入大學(xué)生在使用營(yíng)養(yǎng)標(biāo)簽的目的和對(duì)營(yíng)養(yǎng)信息關(guān)注度上存在明顯差異（P0.05）；43.4%的大學(xué)生認(rèn)為食品營(yíng)養(yǎng)標(biāo)簽對(duì)今后膳食選擇有影響，43.5%的大學(xué)生則表示影響不大，今后選購(gòu)預(yù)包裝食品時(shí)仍會(huì)將口味和食品品牌放在第一位，13.1%的大學(xué)生認(rèn)為沒(méi)有影響；多因素非條件Logistic回歸分析結(jié)果顯示，營(yíng)養(yǎng)知識(shí)得分高、知道營(yíng)養(yǎng)標(biāo)簽、對(duì)標(biāo)注營(yíng)養(yǎng)標(biāo)簽的態(tài)度積極以及信任營(yíng)養(yǎng)標(biāo)簽內(nèi)容4個(gè)因素為影響大學(xué)生使用食品營(yíng)養(yǎng)標(biāo)簽的重要保護(hù)因素。 結(jié)論 1.大學(xué)生對(duì)食品營(yíng)養(yǎng)標(biāo)簽相關(guān)營(yíng)養(yǎng)知識(shí)有一定了解，但不全面；營(yíng)養(yǎng)知識(shí)來(lái)源渠道多源，書(shū)籍、報(bào)刊、雜志和網(wǎng)絡(luò)是其主要渠道；不同性別、生源地、專(zhuān)業(yè)及家庭月人均收入之間在營(yíng)養(yǎng)知識(shí)得分、知曉率和來(lái)源上存在明顯差異。提示在大學(xué)生中普及食品營(yíng)養(yǎng)標(biāo)簽相關(guān)知識(shí)是必要的，但針對(duì)他們?nèi)后w的特點(diǎn)，性別、生源地、專(zhuān)業(yè)的不同，普及營(yíng)養(yǎng)知識(shí)的方式要多元化和個(gè)性化，普及內(nèi)容要有所側(cè)重，以真正達(dá)到普及營(yíng)養(yǎng)知識(shí)的目的。 2.盡管有部分大學(xué)生知道食品營(yíng)養(yǎng)標(biāo)簽的名詞，但真正了解營(yíng)養(yǎng)標(biāo)簽內(nèi)容的大學(xué)生很少，營(yíng)養(yǎng)知識(shí)是影響大學(xué)生正確理解食品營(yíng)養(yǎng)標(biāo)簽聲稱(chēng)內(nèi)容的重要因素。 3.大學(xué)生對(duì)預(yù)包裝食品有必要標(biāo)注食品營(yíng)養(yǎng)標(biāo)簽和信任食品營(yíng)養(yǎng)標(biāo)簽內(nèi)容的態(tài)度上表現(xiàn)很好，但經(jīng)常使用營(yíng)養(yǎng)標(biāo)簽的比例卻不高，有相當(dāng)一部分學(xué)生認(rèn)為食品營(yíng)養(yǎng)標(biāo)簽對(duì)今后膳食選擇影響不大，仍會(huì)將口味和食品品牌作為選著預(yù)包裝食品的首選依據(jù)。提示態(tài)度與使用行為不成正比。 4.大學(xué)生營(yíng)養(yǎng)知識(shí)得分越高，對(duì)食品營(yíng)養(yǎng)標(biāo)簽認(rèn)知和態(tài)度越好、使用頻率越高；營(yíng)養(yǎng)知識(shí)得分高、知道營(yíng)養(yǎng)標(biāo)簽、對(duì)標(biāo)注營(yíng)養(yǎng)標(biāo)簽的態(tài)度積極以及信任營(yíng)養(yǎng)標(biāo)簽內(nèi)容4個(gè)因素為影響大學(xué)生使用食品營(yíng)養(yǎng)標(biāo)簽的重要保護(hù)因素。 5.不同性別、生源地、專(zhuān)業(yè)和家庭月人均收入的大學(xué)生對(duì)食品營(yíng)養(yǎng)標(biāo)簽認(rèn)知、態(tài)度和使用情況上均存在一定差別，提示在策劃食品營(yíng)養(yǎng)標(biāo)簽普及教育方案和指導(dǎo)大學(xué)生合理選擇食物及搭配膳食時(shí)要因地制宜，有的放矢。
[Abstract]:Objective to analyze and discuss the factors affecting the food nutrition label K-A-P of college students by investigating the status of food nutrition label cognition, attitude and related behavior (Knowledge-Attitude-Practice, K-A-P) of college students in Guangzhou. It provides scientific basis for selecting foods and provides valuable information for perfecting and revising the relevant provisions of food nutrition labelling in China.
Methods a random cluster sampling method was adopted to select three colleges and universities of Jinan University, South China Normal University and Southern Medical University in Guangzhou. A total of 2000 college students were selected as the survey samples. The self-designed "knowledge, letter, investigation, questionnaire, questionnaire, descriptive statistics, 2 test and unconditional Logistic regression) were adopted. Statistical methods were used to analyze the data.
Result
1. the average score of nutrition knowledge related to food nutrition labels of college students was 13.1 + 2.9, and the passing rate was 53.1%. Among them, the score of female nutrition knowledge was significantly higher than that of boys (P0.05); the score of nutrition knowledge in the enrolment was obviously higher than that of foreign students (P0.05); the nutrition knowledge of the students of medical students was the highest, followed by the science and arts, the art students scored the most. Low (P0.05); the highest score of nutritional knowledge among students per month of family per capita in 1500~2500 yuan; the main function of food nutrition, protein, carbohydrate, fat, dietary fiber and cholesterol in the nutrition knowledge content related to food nutrition labels. High energy intake easily leads to obesity and cardiovascular disease. The disease was related to calcium deficiency. The knowledge of hypertension and the intake of salt was more than 50%, but the effect of carbohydrate preservation and detoxification was highest in the animal brain. High energy intake was easy to lead to colon cancer. The awareness rate of recommended intake (RNI) was very low, not more than 16%. The dawn rate is only 29.3%; the main sources of nutrition knowledge for college students are books, newspapers or magazines (75.8%) and network (60.3%), followed by television broadcasting (54.9%), school classes (50.2%) and food labels (43.6%), again for relatives (38.8%), classmates (26.9%) and training (7.7%) and other channels (1.9%). Gender, birthplace, professional and family monthly per capita. There is a difference between the sources of income in the source of nutritional knowledge.
2. college students' awareness rate of food nutrition labels is 52.6%, which is higher than the enrolment, medical class is higher than other professional students (P0.05); the total answer rate of two items of food nutrition label is 29.4%, and the awareness rate of NRV is 48.5%, and the medicine class is higher than other professional students (P0.05); University The understanding of nutritional claims for a certain instant noodle "calcium helps the health of bones and teeth" is clearly associated with nutritional knowledge. Nutrition knowledge is negatively related to the view that "high calcium, consider buying" in the instant noodle, and "need to refer to other nutrients", "high fat, high sodium, best not to eat" and "false information". There is a positive correlation between understanding.
3.87% college students think that pre packaged food is necessary to label food nutrition labels, that women who have the necessary attitude are obviously higher than boys, and the enrolment is obviously higher than that of outside enrolment (P0.05); 63.4% of college students express the content of trust food nutrition labels, among which the students of medicine class are the highest in liberal arts and science classes, and the art class is the lowest (P0.05). Univariate and unconditional Logistic regression analysis showed that there was a positive correlation between the nutritional labeling and the necessity and trust of college students.
4. the proportion of college students who often use nutrition labels is only 37.8%. Among them, they want to know the nutritional components of food, determine whether the health of the food is 74.7%, and the related nutrition knowledge of the food is 60%. Whether the taboo components of the patients are contained, 69.1% of the disease inducing factors are reduced, and the food nutrition label refers to the food nutrition label. Weight loss or weight control accounted for 32.2%. The highest concentration of nutritional information in pre packaged food nutrition labels was high dietary fiber (61.1%), followed by high calcium (59.3%) and high protein (51.9%), and the lowest level of attention was full fat (15.7%). The students in different sex, birthplace, professional and family income per month were used nutrition. There is a significant difference between the purpose of labeling and the degree of attention to nutrition information (P0.05); 43.4% of the college students believe that food nutrition labels have an impact on the choice of meals in the future, and 43.5% of the college students have little influence. In the future, the taste and food brands will be the first in the purchase of prepackaged foods, and 13.1% of the college students think there is no influence. The results of multi factor unconditional Logistic regression analysis showed that the high score of nutrition knowledge, the knowledge of nutrition labels, the positive attitude of tagging nutrition labels and the 4 factors of trust nutrition label content were important protection factors for the use of food nutrition labels for college students.
conclusion
1. college students have a certain understanding of the nutrition knowledge related to food nutrition labels, but not comprehensive; the sources of nutrition knowledge sources are many sources, books, newspapers, magazines and networks are its main channels; there are obvious differences in the score of nutrition knowledge, the awareness rate and the source of knowledge among the different sex, the source place, the professional and the family month per capita income. It is necessary to popularize the knowledge of food nutrition labels in students, but in view of the characteristics of their groups, sex, place of origin and specialty, the way of popularizing nutrition knowledge should be diversified and individualized, and the content of universal content should be emphasized so as to achieve the purpose of popularizing nutrition knowledge.
2. although some college students know the nouns of food nutrition labels, there are few college students who really know the content of nutrition labels. Nutrition knowledge is an important factor affecting the students' correct understanding of the content of food nutrition labels.
3. college students have a good attitude to the need to label food nutrition labels and trust food nutrition labels for pre packaged foods, but the proportion of regular use of nutritional labels is not high. A considerable number of students think that food nutrition labels have little impact on future dietary choices, and they will still choose the taste and food brands as pre packaged. The first choice for food is that attitude is not directly proportional to usage.
4. the higher the score of nutrition knowledge of college students, the better the cognition and attitude of food nutrition label, the higher the use frequency, the higher score of nutrition knowledge, the knowledge of nutrition label, the positive attitude of labeling nutrition label and the 4 factors of trust nutrition label content as the important protective factors for the use of food nutrition labels for college students.
5. there are some differences in the cognition, attitude and use of food nutrition labels among college students with different sex, birthplace, professional and family monthly income. It suggests that it is necessary to make the food nutrition label popularizing education scheme and guide college students to choose food and diet properly.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：暨南大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2013
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：R153

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