本文選題：鈣鋁鑭復(fù)合材料 + 除氟�。� 參考：《武漢理工大學(xué)》2013年碩士論文

【摘要】：氟是人體維持正常生理機(jī)能活動(dòng)不可缺少的微量元素之一,微量的氟是人體必需的,有利于骨骼的堅(jiān)固性,但過量的氟對(duì)人體是有害的,主要損害牙齒的釉質(zhì)、骨骼的成骨和破骨活動(dòng),并影響全身各組織器官,輕者出現(xiàn)氟斑牙和全身各個(gè)骨骼及關(guān)節(jié)部位疼痛等癥狀,較重者呈現(xiàn)關(guān)節(jié)僵硬及運(yùn)動(dòng)機(jī)能障礙,嚴(yán)重者呈現(xiàn)軀干變形和癱瘓,以致終生殘廢。所以,必須去除飲用水中過量的氟,使其達(dá)到低1.5mg／L的世界衛(wèi)生組織標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。我國(guó)在《生活飲用水衛(wèi)生標(biāo)準(zhǔn)》(GB5949-2006)中明確規(guī)定：飲用水中氟化物含量標(biāo)準(zhǔn)為不高于1.0mg/L。吸附法由于其處理效果好、工藝流程簡(jiǎn)單,而得到廣泛應(yīng)用。而吸附方法成敗的關(guān)鍵在于吸附劑的適用性。一些天然材料如鋁土礦、蛇紋石、沸石和膨潤(rùn)土等雖然原料較為經(jīng)濟(jì),但吸附能力太差,將其改性后的吸附量雖然有所增加,但操作復(fù)雜,使用周期短。一些稀土類吸附劑除氟效率高,但單一的使用稀土元素成本較高,不適合大規(guī)模生產(chǎn)。因此開發(fā)一種低成本、高效率且具有操作簡(jiǎn)單、穩(wěn)定性好、無(wú)二次污染、吸附容量大的新型吸附劑具有重要的科學(xué)和現(xiàn)實(shí)意義。 本研究以四水硝酸鈣、九水硝酸鋁以及水合硝酸鑭為原料,尿素為沉淀劑,采用一步水熱法成功合成了鈣鋁鑭復(fù)合除氟吸附劑。采用X射線衍射(XRD)、傅里葉變換紅外光譜(FTIR)、掃描電子顯微鏡(SEM)、氮?dú)馕矫摳椒?BET)和X射線光電子能譜(XPS)等表征手段對(duì)所制備的樣品進(jìn)行了表征和分析。通過靜吸附試驗(yàn)研究了該吸附劑的除氟性能。如pH值對(duì)吸附性能的影響、投加量對(duì)吸附性能的影響、吸附等溫研究、接觸時(shí)間對(duì)吸附性能的影響及吸附動(dòng)力學(xué)研究、共存陰離子對(duì)吸附性能的影響和吸附劑的自然沉降等。Langmuir等溫線模型較Freundlich等溫線模型更能符合本實(shí)驗(yàn)吸附劑除氟的吸附進(jìn)程且最大飽和吸附容量為26.17mg/g。通過吸附動(dòng)力學(xué)的研究,發(fā)現(xiàn)二級(jí)動(dòng)力學(xué)模型能更好的表述吸附劑對(duì)氟的吸附進(jìn)程。共存陰離子對(duì)吸附劑除氟性能的影響遵循的規(guī)律為PO43-HCO3-SO42-NO3-Cl-。吸附劑除氟的適用pH值范圍較大為3.0-11.0,在此范圍內(nèi)都有較佳的吸附性能。除了較好的吸附性能,所制備的樣品形貌也非常新穎似棉花狀且分散性、均勻性都較好。
[Abstract]:Fluorine is one of the essential trace elements for the human body to maintain its normal physiological function. The trace amount of fluoride is essential to the human body and is beneficial to the firmness of the skeleton. However, excessive fluoride is harmful to the human body and mainly damages the enamel of the teeth. Bone osteogenesis and osteoclast activity affect all tissues and organs of the whole body. Mild patients have symptoms such as dental fluorosis and pain in various bones and joints of the whole body. The heavier ones present stiffness and dyskinesia of the joints, and the severe cases present deformation and paralysis of the trunk. To be crippled for life. Therefore, excess fluoride in drinking water must be removed to the WHO standard of 1.5 mg / L lower. In "Sanitary Standard for domestic drinking Water" (GB5949-2006), it is clearly stipulated that the standard of fluoride content in drinking water is not more than 1.0 mg 路L ~ (-1) 路L ~ (-1) 路L ~ (-1) 路L ~ (-1). Adsorption method is widely used because of its good treatment effect and simple technological process. The key to the success or failure of the adsorption method is the applicability of the adsorbent. Some natural materials, such as bauxite, serpentine, zeolite and bentonite, are more economical, but their adsorption capacity is too poor. Some rare earth adsorbents have high defluorination efficiency, but the cost of using rare earth elements alone is high, so it is not suitable for mass production. Therefore, it is of great scientific and practical significance to develop a new adsorbent with low cost, high efficiency, simple operation, good stability, no secondary pollution and large adsorption capacity. Calcium aluminum-lanthanum complex adsorbent was successfully synthesized by one-step hydrothermal method with aluminum nitrate and lanthanum nitrate hydrate as raw materials and urea as precipitant. The samples were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), nitrogen adsorption and desorption (BET) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The defluorination performance of the adsorbent was studied by static adsorption test. For example, the influence of pH value on adsorption performance, the effect of dosage on adsorption performance, the isothermal study of adsorption, the influence of contact time on adsorption performance and the study of adsorption kinetics. Compared with Freundlich isotherm model, the effect of coexisting anions on adsorption properties and the natural deposition of adsorbent were more consistent with the adsorption process of fluoride removal by the experimental adsorbent. The maximum saturated adsorption capacity was 26.17 mg / g. Through the study of adsorption kinetics, it is found that the second-order kinetic model can better describe the adsorption process of fluorine. The effect of coexisting anions on the defluorination performance of adsorbents follows the rule of PO _ 43-HCO _ 3-SO _ 4 _ 2-NO _ 3-Cl _ (-). The suitable pH range of adsorbent for fluoride removal is 3.0-11.0, and the adsorbent has better adsorption property in this range. In addition to the better adsorption properties, the morphology of the prepared samples is also novel, cotton like, dispersibility and good uniformity.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：武漢理工大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2013
【分類號(hào)】：O647.3;R123

【參考文獻(xiàn)】

相關(guān)期刊論文 前10條

1 霍俊梅;肖舉強(qiáng);李立軍;;改性沸石去除水中氟化物性能研究[J];安全與環(huán)境學(xué)報(bào);2011年06期

2 田岳林;李汝琪;李建娜;安鳴;劉旭;;城市水循環(huán)經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展思路及體系構(gòu)建[J];環(huán)境科學(xué)與管理;2010年06期

3 李大光;章弘毅;張鶴豐;郭清泉;曹明澈;;鈣鈦礦型復(fù)合氧化物的研究與應(yīng)用進(jìn)展[J];材料導(dǎo)報(bào);2006年S1期

4 馬忠玉;蔣洪強(qiáng);;我國(guó)水循環(huán)經(jīng)濟(jì)若干理論問題及其發(fā)展對(duì)策[J];中國(guó)地質(zhì)大學(xué)學(xué)報(bào)(社會(huì)科學(xué)版);2006年03期

5 吳華雄,孟林珍,許維宗;反滲透法處理含氟廢水的試驗(yàn)研究[J];電力環(huán)境保護(hù);1998年03期

6 戴向前;劉昌明;李麗娟;;我國(guó)農(nóng)村飲水安全問題探討與對(duì)策[J];地理學(xué)報(bào);2007年09期

7 黃燦燦;任慶利;;水滑石晶須的制備研究[J];電子科技;2009年07期

8 陳杰山;楊春平;;聚合硫酸鐵處理含氟廢水的研究[J];廣東化工;2008年12期

9 李迎凱，李君文，李平;骨炭與活性氧化鋁除氟性能比較[J];中國(guó)給水排水;1994年03期

10 王涌;飲用水骨炭除氟機(jī)理的研究[J];廣州大學(xué)學(xué)報(bào)(自然科學(xué)版);2003年05期

相關(guān)博士學(xué)位論文 前2條

1 白翠萍;類Fenton高級(jí)氧化技術(shù)處理染料廢水的研究[D];武漢理工大學(xué);2012年

2 賀志麗;鋯改性凹凸棒石及鋯/鋁/鈰體系復(fù)合除氟材料的制備及其除氟性能研究[D];武漢理工大學(xué);2012年

，

本文編號(hào)：1993090