本文選題：化學(xué)沉淀法 + 氟��； 參考：《太原理工大學(xué)》2012年碩士論文

【摘要】：安全的飲用水是維持人體正常的新陳代謝,保障人體健康的必要條件。山西省屬于水資源嚴(yán)重匱乏的省份加之獨(dú)特的氣候和地形條件及近年來(lái)水資源的污染導(dǎo)致很多地區(qū)尤其是農(nóng)村居民的飲用水安全問(wèn)題一直比較突出�！渡铒嬘盟l(wèi)生標(biāo)準(zhǔn)(GB5749-2006)》中規(guī)定氟化物濃度1.0mg/L、總硬度450mg/L、硫酸鹽250mg/L,飲用水中超出此限值均為超標(biāo)水質(zhì)。雖然反滲透、膜法及離子交換等工藝對(duì)此類(lèi)水源有較好的處理效果,但不同程度地存在著設(shè)備一次性投資大、運(yùn)行費(fèi)用高、操作困難等缺點(diǎn)。較適合用于大型集中供水,對(duì)一些農(nóng)村分散用戶并不一定適用。本文針對(duì)地下水源中常見(jiàn)的氟、硬度、硫酸根、氟和硬度及氟和硫酸根微量超標(biāo)五種水質(zhì)進(jìn)行模擬,皆選用化學(xué)藥劑為沉淀劑,對(duì)五種水質(zhì)采用化學(xué)沉淀法處理,實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果如下： 1、用CaO和CaCl2作為沉淀劑處理氟超標(biāo)的原水,最佳投加量分別為450mg/L和350mg/L,經(jīng)磁力攪拌器攪拌1h后,水中的氟離子濃度可從1.65mg/L分別降到0.96mg/L和0.87mg/L,處理后水中的pH值和總硬度均未超出《生活飲用水衛(wèi)生標(biāo)準(zhǔn)(GB5749-2006)》。CaCl2為沉淀劑時(shí)除氟的最佳反應(yīng)時(shí)間30min,最適pH值為7。處理相同量的水所需兩種沉淀劑的費(fèi)用相差不大。 2、用KH2PO4、CaO和Na2CO3作為沉淀劑處理硬度超標(biāo)的原水,最佳的投加量分別為1.5g/L、215mg/L和160mg/L,經(jīng)磁力攪拌器攪拌1h后,水中的總硬度可從812mg/L分別降為402mg/L、340mg/L,處理后水中的pH值為8.37未超出《生活飲用水衛(wèi)生標(biāo)準(zhǔn)(GB5749-2006)》,KH2PO4為沉淀劑的最佳反應(yīng)時(shí)間為40min。處理相同量的水CaO和Na2CO3的費(fèi)用要低于KH2PO4O 3、用BaCl2和CaCl2作為沉淀劑處理硫酸根超標(biāo)的原水,最佳投加量分別為650mg/L和330mg/L,經(jīng)磁力攪拌器攪拌1h后,水中硫酸根濃度可從512mg/L降到227mg/L和263g/L,處理后水中的pH值為7.61未超出《生活飲用水衛(wèi)生標(biāo)準(zhǔn)(GB5749-2006)》,用BaCl2為沉淀劑時(shí)的最佳反應(yīng)時(shí)間為30min。處理相同量的水用CaCl2的費(fèi)用要低于BaCl2。 4、用CaO和Na2CO3作為沉淀劑處理硬度和氟混合超標(biāo)的原水,最佳投加量為280mg/L和180mg/L,經(jīng)磁力攪拌器攪拌1h后,氟離子濃度可從1.55mg/L降到0.82mg/L、總硬度可從683mg/L降到264mg/L,此時(shí),水中的pH值為8.53未超出《生活飲用水衛(wèi)生標(biāo)準(zhǔn)(GB5749-2006)》,最佳反應(yīng)時(shí)間為60min。 5、用CaCl2作為沉淀劑處理氟和硫酸根混合超標(biāo)的原水,最佳投加量為720mg/L,經(jīng)磁力攪拌器攪拌1h后,氟離子濃度可從1.42mg/L降到0.94mg/L,硫酸根離子濃度可從612mg/L降到327mg/L,達(dá)到了《生活飲用水衛(wèi)生標(biāo)準(zhǔn)(GB5749-2006)》,最佳反應(yīng)時(shí)間為60min。 本實(shí)驗(yàn)對(duì)五種模擬水質(zhì)均采用化學(xué)沉淀法,經(jīng)過(guò)反應(yīng)沉淀后水中的各項(xiàng)超標(biāo)指標(biāo)均達(dá)到國(guó)家飲用水標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。雖沒(méi)有反滲透、膜法和離子交換等工藝的出水水質(zhì)好,但方法簡(jiǎn)單易操作,經(jīng)計(jì)算處理相同體積的水源費(fèi)用遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)低于其他工藝。故此方法可有效地緩解一些不能進(jìn)行集中供水的偏遠(yuǎn)山區(qū)和分散用戶的飲用水安全。
[Abstract]:Safe drinking water is a necessary condition to maintain the normal metabolism of the human body and ensure the health of the human body. In Shanxi Province, a province with serious water shortage and the unique climate and terrain conditions and the pollution of water resources in recent years, the safety of drinking water in many areas, especially in rural areas, has been prominent. In the health standard (GB5749-2006), the fluoride concentration is 1.0mg/L, the total hardness is 450mg/L, and the sulfate 250mg/L, the drinking water exceeds the limit value. Although the reverse osmosis, membrane method and ion exchange technology have good treatment effect on this kind of water source, there is a large amount of equipment investment, high operating cost and operation in varying degrees. It is more suitable for large centralized water supply, which is not necessarily suitable for some rural dispersed users. In this paper, five kinds of water, such as fluorine, hardness, sulphuric acid root, fluorine and hardness, and fluorine and sulphuric acid root, are simulated in this paper. Chemical agents are used as precipitant and chemical precipitation is used to treat five kinds of water. The experimental results are as follows:
1, CaO and CaCl2 are used as precipitant to treat the raw water of excess fluorine. The optimum dosage is 450mg/L and 350mg/L respectively. After mixing 1H by magnetic stirrer, the concentration of fluorine ions in water can be reduced from 1.65mg/L to 0.96mg/L and 0.87mg/L respectively. The pH value and total hardness of water after treatment are not beyond the sanitary standard of drinking water (GB5749-2006) >.CaCl2. The best reaction time for fluoride removal is 30min, and the optimum pH value is 7.. The cost of two precipitating agents for treating the same amount of water is not significant.
2, KH2PO4, CaO and Na2CO3 are used as precipitant to treat the raw water with excessive hardness. The best dosage is 1.5g/L, 215mg/L and 160mg/L respectively. After mixing 1H by magnetic stirrer, the total hardness of water can be reduced from 812mg/L to 402mg/L, 340mg/L, and the pH value of the water after treatment is 8.37 not beyond the sanitary standard of drinking water (GB5749-2006) >. The best reaction time of the precipitant is 40min.. The cost of treating the same amount of water CaO and Na2CO3 is lower than KH2PO4O.
3, BaCl2 and CaCl2 are used as precipitant to treat the super standard water of sulphuric acid root. The optimum dosage is 650mg/L and 330mg/L respectively. After mixing 1H by magnetic stirrer, the concentration of sulfate in water can be reduced from 512mg/L to 227mg/L and 263g/L. The pH value of water after treatment is 7.61 not beyond the sanitary standard of drinking water (GB5749-2006), and BaCl2 is used as precipitant. The best reaction time is 30min.. The cost of treating the same amount of water for CaCl2 is lower than that of BaCl2..
4, CaO and Na2CO3 are used as precipitant to treat the raw water of hardness and fluorine mixture exceeding standard. The optimum dosage is 280mg/L and 180mg/L. After mixing 1H by magnetic stirrer, the concentration of fluorine ion can be reduced from 1.55mg/L to 0.82mg/L, and the total hardness can be reduced from 683mg/L to 264mg/L. At this time, the value of pH in water is 8.53 not beyond the sanitary standard of drinking water (GB5749-2006). The best reaction time is 60min.
5, CaCl2 is used as precipitant to treat the raw water which is mixed with fluorine and sulphuric acid root, the optimum dosage is 720mg/L. After stirring 1H by magnetic stirrer, the concentration of fluorine ion can be reduced from 1.42mg/L to 0.94mg/L, the concentration of sulfate ion can fall from 612mg/L to 327mg/L, and the hygienic standard of drinking water (GB5749-2006) is reached, and the optimum reaction time is 60min.
In this experiment, chemical precipitation method was used for five kinds of simulated water. After the reaction and precipitation, all the above standard indexes in water reached the national drinking water standard. Although there was no reverse osmosis, membrane method and ion exchange, the water quality was good, but the method was simple and easy to operate. The cost of water source in the same volume was far lower than that of other processes. This method can effectively alleviate the safety of drinking water in remote mountainous areas and decentralized users who can not concentrate water supply.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：太原理工大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2012
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：R123.1

【引證文獻(xiàn)】

相關(guān)期刊論文 前1條

1 汪順才;余學(xué)勇;袁榮灼;劉安平;彭志偉;;南京梅山鐵礦選礦廠環(huán)水軟化技術(shù)研究[J];環(huán)境污染與防治;2013年05期

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本文編號(hào)：1990292