本文選題：生長發(fā)育 + 趨勢　； 參考：《山東大學(xué)》2012年碩士論文

【摘要】：[目的] 少年兒童處于生長發(fā)育的重要時(shí)期,其體質(zhì)狀況的好壞關(guān)系到全民族的健康素質(zhì)。因此,促進(jìn)少年兒童的生長發(fā)育具有重要的現(xiàn)實(shí)意義和深遠(yuǎn)的歷史意義。生長發(fā)育是遺傳因素及各種環(huán)境因素相互作用的結(jié)果,并遵循一些普遍規(guī)律。隨著經(jīng)濟(jì)的發(fā)展和人民生活水平的提高,我國少年兒童的生長發(fā)育趨勢也隨之出現(xiàn)變化。本文通過比較山東省7-18歲少年兒童1985-2010年間的生長發(fā)育水平及生長速度,揭示其生長發(fā)育變化趨勢和規(guī)律,并探討社會環(huán)境條件變化背景下我省少年兒童生長發(fā)育變化趨勢中存在的各種影響因素,進(jìn)而提出針對性的改善和干預(yù)建議,為制定學(xué)校衛(wèi)生工作發(fā)展規(guī)劃提供科學(xué)依據(jù)。 [對象與方法] 本次研究的樣本由山東省教育行政部門提供的1985年、1995年、2005年和2010年山東省學(xué)生體質(zhì)與健康調(diào)研的原始數(shù)據(jù)組成。研究對象為7-18歲學(xué)生,按照戶口所在地和性別分為城市男生、城市女生、鄉(xiāng)村男生、鄉(xiāng)村女生四類(以下簡稱四類人群)。調(diào)查內(nèi)容包括一般情況、身體健康檢查項(xiàng)目、體質(zhì)狀況測量指標(biāo)(含身體形態(tài)、機(jī)能和運(yùn)動素質(zhì)等8項(xiàng)指標(biāo))。通過比較不同年代間體質(zhì)狀況測量指標(biāo)的增長幅度及身高生長速度反映25年來山東省7-18歲少年兒童的生長發(fā)育水平和生長速度的變化趨勢。 [結(jié)果] 一現(xiàn)狀 城市男生身高、體重、超重/肥胖率、胸圍、肺活量和速度素質(zhì)發(fā)育水平均顯著高于鄉(xiāng)村男生(P0.05)；而肌力素質(zhì)和耐力素質(zhì)發(fā)育水平明顯低于鄉(xiāng)村男生(P0.05)。城市女生身高、體重、胸圍、肺活量和速度素質(zhì)發(fā)育水平顯著高于鄉(xiāng)村女生(P0.05)；而13-18歲年齡組城市女生耐力素質(zhì)發(fā)育水平明顯低于鄉(xiāng)村女生(P0.05)。 二生長發(fā)育變化趨勢 11985-2010年生長發(fā)育水平變化趨勢 1.1形態(tài)指標(biāo) 1.1.1四類人群平均身高分別增長了6.75cm、4.89cm、8.52cm、6.72cm。 1.1.2四類人群平均體重分別增長了11.40kg、6.59kg、11.29kg、6.65kg。 1.1.3四類人群超重率分別增長了16.41%、9.99%、14.76%、10.51%；肥胖率分別增長了17.07%、6.99%、14.49%、7.51%。 1.1.4四類人群平均胸圍分別增長了12.75cm、11.21cm、11.00cm、9.53cm。 1.2機(jī)能指標(biāo) 城市男生、城市女生、鄉(xiāng)村女生平均肺活量分別下降了93.79ml、262.92ml、218.58ml；鄉(xiāng)村男生平均肺活量增長了74.74ml。 1.3運(yùn)動素質(zhì)指標(biāo) 1.3.1城市男生50米跑用時(shí)減少了0.05s；城市女生、鄉(xiāng)村男生、鄉(xiāng)村女生50米跑用時(shí)分別增加了0.04s、0.05s、0.33s。 1.3.2四類人群立定跳遠(yuǎn)成績分別提高了3.92cm、2.69cm、13.05cm、5.23cm。 1.3.37-12歲年齡組城市男生和鄉(xiāng)村男生斜身引體成績分別提高了5.99次/分、20.11次/分；13-18歲年齡組城市男生和鄉(xiāng)村男生引體向上成績分別下降了3.77次/分、2.34次/分。城市女生仰臥起坐成績下降了0.96次/分；鄉(xiāng)村女生提高了3.20次/分。 1.3.4四類人群7-12歲年齡組50m*8往返跑用時(shí)分別增加了14.50s、8.45s、12.86s、10.58s。城市男生和鄉(xiāng)村男生13-18歲年齡組1000米跑用時(shí)分別增加了46.75s、44.32s。城市女生和鄉(xiāng)村女生13-18歲年齡組800米跑用時(shí)分別增加了44.80s、37.57s。 21985-2010年生長發(fā)育速度變化趨勢 四類人群生長速度分別下降了0.15%、0.21%、0.27%、1.07%。 [結(jié)論] 1、2010年學(xué)生體質(zhì)與健康調(diào)研結(jié)果顯示,山東省7-18歲少年兒童生長發(fā)育狀況仍存在城鄉(xiāng)差距。 2、1985-2010年間,山東省7-18歲少年兒童的身體形態(tài)指標(biāo)呈不同幅度增長,表現(xiàn)出明顯的生長長期趨勢。但生長速度趨于減緩,少年兒童超重/肥胖不斷蔓延的形勢非常嚴(yán)峻。 3、1985-2010年間,山東省7-18歲少年兒童的肺活量呈下降趨勢。 4、1985-2010年間,山東省7-18歲少年兒童各項(xiàng)運(yùn)動素質(zhì)指標(biāo)表現(xiàn)出不同的變化特點(diǎn)：下肢爆發(fā)力素質(zhì)有一定程度提高,但速度素質(zhì)、肌力素質(zhì)和耐力素質(zhì)均有不同程度下降。
[Abstract]:[Objective]
Children are in an important period of growth and development. Their physical condition is related to the health quality of the whole nation. Therefore, it is of great practical and profound historical significance to promote the growth and development of children. Growth and development are the result of the interaction between the genetic factors and various environmental factors, and follow some general rules. With the development of economy and the improvement of people's living standard, the growth and development trend of young children in China has also changed. In this paper, the growth and development of 7-18 years old children in Shandong Province in 1985-2010 years are compared and the trends and laws of growth and development are revealed, and our province is discussed under the background of the change of social environment conditions. Various influencing factors in the trend of growth and development of children and children, and then the pertinent improvement and intervention suggestions are put forward to provide scientific basis for the development of the school health work development plan.
[object and method]
The sample of the study was made up of the original data of the students' physique and health survey in Shandong Province in 1985, 1995, 2005 and 2010, provided by the educational administration of Shandong province. The research object was 7-18 year old students. According to the location and sex of the residence, the students were divided into city boys, city girls, rural boys, and four kinds of rural girls (hereinafter referred to as four types of people). The survey includes general situation, physical health examination, physical condition measurement index (including 8 indexes of body shape, function and sports quality). The growth and growth rate of 7-18 year old children in Shandong Province in the past 25 years are reflected by comparing the growth rate of physical condition measurement index and height growth rate in different years. The trend of change.
[results]
A present situation
The height, weight, overweight / obesity rate, chest circumference, vital capacity and speed quality of urban boys were significantly higher than that of rural boys (P0.05), but the level of muscle strength and endurance quality was significantly lower than that of rural boys (P0.05). The level of height, weight, chest circumference, lung activity and speed quality of urban girls were significantly higher than that of rural girls (P0.05). And the endurance quality development level of urban girls aged 13-18 was significantly lower than that of rural girls (P0.05).
Two trend of growth and development
The trend of growth and development in the past 11985-2010 years
1.1 form index
The average height of the four groups of 1.1.1 increased by 6.75cm, 4.89cm, 8.52cm, 6.72cm. respectively.
The average weight of 1.1.2 four groups increased by 11.40kg, 6.59kg, 11.29kg, 6.65kg. respectively.
The overweight rate of 1.1.3 four groups increased by 16.41%, 9.99%, 14.76%, 10.51%, respectively, and the obesity rate increased by 17.07%, 6.99%, 14.49%, 7.51%. respectively.
1.1.4 the average chest circumference of the four groups increased by 12.75cm, 11.21cm, 11.00cm, 9.53cm. respectively.
1.2 functional indexes
The average vital capacity of urban boys, urban girls and rural girls decreased by 93.79ml, 262.92ml and 218.58ml respectively, and the average vital capacity of rural boys increased by 74.74ml.
1.3 index of sports quality
1.3.1 city boys 50 meters running time decreased by 0.05s; urban girls, rural boys, rural girls 50 meters running time increased by 0.04s, 0.05s, 0.33s.
1.3.2 four groups of people standing long jump scores increased by 3.92cm, 2.69cm, 13.05cm, 5.23cm.
The scores of urban boys and country boys in the age group of 1.3.37-12 age increased by 5.99 times / points and 20.11 times per cent respectively. The 13-18 year old age group of urban boys and rural boys dropped 3.77 times / points and 2.34 / points respectively. The city girls' sit ups decreased by 0.96 times / points, and the rural girls increased by 3.20 times / points.
The 7-12 year old age group of 1.3.4 four groups increased 14.50s, 8.45s, 12.86s, 10.58s. city boys and rural boys 13-18 year old age group 1000 meter running respectively increase 46.75s, 44.32s. city girls and rural girls 13-18 year old age group 800 meters run time do not increase 44.80s, 37.57s.. 37.57s.
The trend of growth and development in 21985-2010 years
The growth rate of the four groups decreased by 0.15%, 0.21%, 0.27%, 1.07%. respectively.
[Conclusion]
12010 years of physical fitness and health survey results showed that the growth and development of children aged 7-18 years in Shandong still exist gap between urban and rural areas.
In the past 21985-2010 years, the physical morphology of 7-18 years old children in Shandong province showed a significant growth trend, showing a significant growth trend, but the growth rate slowed down, and the prevalence of overweight / obesity in children was very severe.
During the 31985-2010 years, the lung capacity of children aged 7-18 years old in Shandong showed a downward trend.
In the past 41985-2010 years, the indicators of sports quality of 7-18 year olds and children in Shandong showed different characteristics: the lower limb explosive quality improved to a certain extent, but the speed quality, the strength quality and the endurance quality decreased in varying degrees.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：山東大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2012
【分類號】：R179

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