本文選題：集中空調(diào) + 淋浴水�。� 參考：《中國疾病預(yù)防控制中心》2014年碩士論文

【摘要】：軍團(tuán)菌廣泛存在于自然界的水和土壤中,但對人類健康存在潛在危害的主要是人工水系統(tǒng)中的軍團(tuán)菌。軍團(tuán)菌病是一種急性呼吸道傳染病,常由于吸入含軍團(tuán)菌的氣溶膠而感染,病死率高,易暴發(fā)流行。本研究分以下三個部分對北京某城區(qū)大型酒店集中空調(diào)循環(huán)水和淋浴水軍團(tuán)菌開展污染調(diào)查及基因檢測分析,以了解當(dāng)前北京某城區(qū)大型酒店集中空調(diào)軍團(tuán)菌污染狀況及衛(wèi)生管理情況,為衛(wèi)生行政部門完善立法、加強(qiáng)監(jiān)督管理提供依據(jù)。 第一部分北京某城區(qū)大型酒店集中空調(diào)循環(huán)水和淋浴水軍團(tuán)菌污染現(xiàn)況調(diào)查 目的了解北京某城區(qū)大型酒店集中空調(diào)循環(huán)水和淋浴水軍團(tuán)菌污染現(xiàn)況。 方法隨機(jī)抽取北京某城區(qū)三星級以上酒店29個,采集冷卻水45件,冷凝水13件,淋浴水29件進(jìn)行嗜肺軍團(tuán)菌檢測,并用軍團(tuán)菌診斷抗血清試劑進(jìn)行血清型的鑒定。結(jié)果29個酒店有17個酒店檢出嗜肺軍團(tuán)菌(酒店嗜肺軍團(tuán)菌檢出率為58.62%)；冷卻水嗜肺軍團(tuán)菌陽性率為40%,冷凝水嗜肺軍團(tuán)菌陽性率為7.7%,淋浴水嗜肺軍團(tuán)菌陽性率為24.1%；分離的菌株按血清菌型分Lp。型占50%,淋浴水中Lp,型占14.3%。結(jié)論北京某城區(qū)大型酒店集中空調(diào)循環(huán)水和淋浴水軍團(tuán)菌污染現(xiàn)狀不容樂觀,建議酒店加強(qiáng)消毒和衛(wèi)生管理,衛(wèi)生行政部門加大監(jiān)測和監(jiān)督執(zhí)法力度。 第二部分北京某城區(qū)大型酒店集中空調(diào)衛(wèi)生管理研究 目的了解北京某城區(qū)大型酒店集中空調(diào)循環(huán)水系統(tǒng)衛(wèi)生管理狀況。方法隨機(jī)抽取北京某城區(qū)三星級以上酒店29個,對集中空調(diào)循環(huán)水系統(tǒng)衛(wèi)生管理狀況進(jìn)行問卷調(diào)查,并用SPSS軟件對調(diào)查問卷結(jié)果進(jìn)行統(tǒng)計(jì)分析。結(jié)果冷卻水軍團(tuán)菌檢測頻率、機(jī)房環(huán)境衛(wèi)生狀況都是影響軍團(tuán)菌污染狀況的因素；79.3%的酒店對淋浴水不消毒,淋浴水是被監(jiān)管部門以及使用單位都忽視的危險因素。建議對酒店集中空調(diào)衛(wèi)生管理狀況開展綜合性的評估,有針對性、有重點(diǎn)的開展監(jiān)督監(jiān)測,并完善相關(guān)法律法規(guī),加強(qiáng)對從業(yè)人員的軍團(tuán)菌防控知識宣傳和培訓(xùn)。 第三部分北京某城區(qū)大型酒店集中空調(diào)軍團(tuán)菌基因檢測及特征分析 目的了解集中空調(diào)循環(huán)水系統(tǒng)及淋浴水系統(tǒng)分離菌株的基因特征及遺傳背景,可作為進(jìn)一步研究北京市軍團(tuán)菌污染現(xiàn)況的基礎(chǔ)數(shù)據(jù),也為判定可能的污染和監(jiān)督監(jiān)測提供了依據(jù)。方法對北京某城區(qū)大型酒店采集的水樣,經(jīng)嗜肺軍團(tuán)菌分離培養(yǎng)得到29株嗜肺軍團(tuán)菌和9株可疑菌株。利用普通PCR技術(shù)對軍團(tuán)菌屬16S rRNA基因進(jìn)行擴(kuò)增,同時對擴(kuò)增產(chǎn)物進(jìn)行基因測序和比對。結(jié)果38株分離菌株成功測序37株,包括軍團(tuán)菌34株,奈瑟氏球菌1株,弗朗西斯菌2株。從基因水平再次驗(yàn)證該城區(qū)大型酒店集中空調(diào)軍團(tuán)菌污染情況不容樂觀。
[Abstract]:Legionella is widely found in water and soil in nature, but it is mainly Legionella in artificial water system that has potential harm to human health. Legionella disease is an acute respiratory infectious disease, which is often infected by inhalation of aerosols containing Legionella. In this study, the following three parts were carried out to investigate the contamination and genetic analysis of Legionella in the centralized air conditioning circulating water and shower water of a large hotel in a certain urban area of Beijing. In order to understand the status of Legionella contamination and hygiene management in a large hotel in Beijing, it can provide basis for health administration to perfect legislation and strengthen supervision and management. Part one investigation of Legionella contamination in centralized Air-Conditioned circulating Water and shower Water of a large Hotel in Beijing Objective to investigate the status of Legionella contamination in centralized air conditioning circulating water and shower water in a large hotel in Beijing. Methods Forty-five pieces of cooling water, 13 pieces of condensate water and 29 samples of shower water were collected randomly from 29 hotels above three stars in a certain city of Beijing for the detection of Legionella pneumophila, and the serotypes of Legionella serotype were identified with the diagnostic antiserum reagent of Legionella. Results Legionella pneumophila was detected in 17 hotels in 29 hotels (the positive rate of Legionella pneumophila was 58.62% in the hotel, the positive rate of Legionella pneumophila in cooling water was 40%, the positive rate of Legionella pneumophila in condensed water was 7.7%, the positive rate of Legionella pneumophila in shower water was 24.1%). The isolated strains were divided into Lp. according to the serotype. Type 50, shower water Lp, type 14. 3. Conclusion the present situation of Legionella contamination in centralized air conditioning circulating water and shower water in a large hotel in Beijing is not optimistic. It is suggested that the hotel should strengthen disinfection and hygiene management and the health administration department should strengthen the monitoring and supervision of law enforcement. The second part: study on the hygienic Management of centralized Air-conditioning in a large Hotel in a certain Urban area of Beijing Objective to understand the sanitary management of centralized air-conditioning circulating water system in a large-scale hotel in Beijing. Methods A total of 29 hotels with three stars and above in a certain city of Beijing were randomly selected to investigate the sanitary management status of central air conditioning circulating water system. The results of the questionnaire were statistically analyzed with SPSS software. Results the detection frequency of Legionella in cooling water and the environmental hygiene condition of the computer room were all the factors affecting the contamination of Legionella. 79.3% of the hotels did not disinfect the shower water, and the shower water was the risk factor neglected by the supervision department and the users. It is suggested to carry out comprehensive assessment of the hygienic management of centralized air conditioning in hotels, to carry out supervision and monitoring, to improve the relevant laws and regulations, and to strengthen the propaganda and training of legionella prevention and control knowledge of employees. The third part is the gene detection and characteristic analysis of Legionella in a large hotel in Beijing. Objective to study the genetic characteristics and genetic background of isolates isolated from centralized air conditioning circulating water system and shower water system, which can be used as the basic data for further study of Legionella contamination in Beijing. It also provides the basis for judging possible pollution and monitoring. Methods 29 strains of Legionella pneumophila and 9 strains of suspected strains were isolated from water samples collected from a large hotel in Beijing. The 16s rRNA gene of Legionella was amplified by common PCR technique, and the amplified products were sequenced and compared. Results 37 strains of 38 isolates were sequenced successfully, including 34 strains of Legionella, 1 strain of Neisseria and 2 strains of Francis. The genetic level once again verifies that the contamination of Legionella in the large hotels in this city is not optimistic.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：中國疾病預(yù)防控制中心
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號】：R126.4

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