發(fā)布時間：2018-05-29 19:22

  本文選題：生長發(fā)育 + 學(xué)齡前兒童�。� 參考：《蘭州大學(xué)》2012年碩士論文

【摘要】：目的調(diào)查分析蘭州市城區(qū)3-6歲兒童2001-2011年的體檢資料,從而研究該人群較長期(11年)的生長發(fā)育變化趨勢,找出依然存在的或新出現(xiàn)的影響其機(jī)能發(fā)揮的突出體格發(fā)育障礙,為制定促進(jìn)該人群健康成長的區(qū)域性和國內(nèi)策略提供指導(dǎo)依據(jù)。 方法根據(jù)蘭州市地理、社會功能區(qū)特征、參考幼兒園公私立等性質(zhì),采用分層隨機(jī)整群抽樣的方法,在蘭州市城區(qū)不同功能區(qū)隨機(jī)抽取3個以上幼兒園(至少包括辦學(xué)條件較好、中等、較差的幼兒園各一個),共選取67所幼兒園兒童為調(diào)查對象。以身高、體重及身體質(zhì)量指數(shù)(BMI)為主要指標(biāo)分析其變化趨勢。以年齡別身高Z評分(HAZ)、年齡別體重Z評分(WAZ)和身高別體重Z評分(WHZ)三項指標(biāo)篩查其生長遲緩、低體重、超重、消瘦和肥胖檢出情況并分析變化趨勢。對體檢資料同時進(jìn)行橫向(同一年齡組)及縱向(隨年齡增長)的體格發(fā)育情況比較分析,并與2005年九市城區(qū)七歲以下兒童生長水平進(jìn)行比較。 結(jié)果12001～2011年間身高、體重變化情況 1.1縱向分析發(fā)現(xiàn),該人群男女身高、體重總體上隨年齡增長而增長,符合兒童一般生長發(fā)育規(guī)律。 1.2橫向比較發(fā)現(xiàn),該人群各年齡組男女身高、體重增幅均較明顯(P0.05),且男童(1.7cm,2.3kg)快于女童(1.2cm,0.7kg)(P0.05),表現(xiàn)出明顯的性別、年齡差異。 其中,3歲組男童身高、體重與年份均存在線性正相關(guān)關(guān)系(rs=0.612,P0.05；rs=0.776,P0.05),身高平均增長速度為0.19%,體重平均增長速度為0.49%；女童只有身高與年份存在線性正相關(guān)關(guān)系(rs=0.630,P0.05),平均增長速度為0.07%。 4歲組只有男童體重與年份存在線性正相關(guān)關(guān)系(rs=0.722,P0.05),平均增長速度為0.44%。 5歲組男童身高、體重與年份均存在線性正相關(guān)關(guān)系(rs=0.606,P0.05；rs=0.719,P0.05),平均增長速度分別為0.13%和0.65%。 6-7歲組男童身高、體重與年份均存在線性正相關(guān)關(guān)系(rs=0.647,P0.05：rs=0.700,P0.05),平均增長速度分別為0.03%和1.14%。 22001～2011年間BMI P50變化情況 橫向比較,各年齡組兒童BMI P50與年份無相關(guān)性�？v向比較有隨年齡增加逐漸減小的趨勢,身高的增速快于體重。 32001～2011年間Z評分情況 3.1調(diào)查對象11年間Z評分情況進(jìn)行比較,各年齡組Z評分均有統(tǒng)計學(xué)差異(P0.05)。 其中,3歲和4歲組兒童HAZ評分與年份均存在線性正相關(guān)關(guān)系(rs=0.766,P0.05；rs=0.725,P0.05),平均增長速度分別為7.96%和1.90%；3-6歲組兒童HAZ評分亦與年份存在線性正相關(guān)關(guān)系(rs=0.693,P0.05),平均增長速度為3.98%。 3.2Z評分判斷營養(yǎng)不良和超重、肥胖檢出情況 橫向比較：11年間調(diào)查對象各年齡組超重檢出率及各年齡組(除3歲組)肥胖檢出率在各年份間差異有統(tǒng)計學(xué)意義(P0.05),并呈逐漸增加的趨勢；各年齡組生長遲緩及消瘦檢出率差異均有統(tǒng)計學(xué)意義(P0.05)；3歲組和4歲組兒童低體重檢出率差異無統(tǒng)計學(xué)意義(P0.05),而5歲組和6-7歲組差異均有統(tǒng)計學(xué)意義(P0.05) 縱向比較：11年間(除2001年)調(diào)查對象超重檢出率各年齡組間比較均有統(tǒng)計學(xué)差異(P0.05),且隨年齡增長檢出率呈逐漸減小的趨勢；而肥胖檢出率各年齡組間比較差異均無統(tǒng)計學(xué)意義(P0.05)；2002、2008、2009、2011年的低體重檢出率以及2006、2007年的消瘦檢出率各年齡組間比較有統(tǒng)計學(xué)差異(P0.05),其余各年份的低體重和消瘦檢出率不同年齡組間比較差異均無統(tǒng)計學(xué)意義(P0.05)；11年間,調(diào)查對象生長遲緩檢出率各年齡組間比較2003、2004、2005、2010年差異無統(tǒng)計學(xué)意義(P0.05),其余各年份的生長遲緩檢出率各年齡組間比較均有統(tǒng)計學(xué)差異(P0.05)。其中,3歲組兒童低體重與年份存在線性負(fù)相關(guān)關(guān)系(rs=-0.612,P0.05),平均下降速度為11.34%；5歲組兒童超重、肥胖與年份均存在線性正相關(guān)關(guān)系,(rs=0.880,P0.05；rs=0.725,P0.05),平均增長速度分別為5.38%和4.60%。 結(jié)論整體而言該人群近十年來生長發(fā)育變化明顯,呈現(xiàn)快速增長趨勢,體格發(fā)育中存在的傳統(tǒng)問題如：生長遲緩、低體重、消瘦等在逐漸改善。但也出現(xiàn)與其他地域人群類似如超重、肥胖等新的體格發(fā)育障礙問題,即營養(yǎng)不良與營養(yǎng)過剩并存。提示在制定與實施針對該人群成長的區(qū)域性和國內(nèi)健康促進(jìn)策略中,應(yīng)在注重營養(yǎng)不良問題改善的同時高度關(guān)注營養(yǎng)過剩的體格發(fā)育障礙問題,托幼機(jī)構(gòu)與家庭要著力培養(yǎng)兒童良好的生活習(xí)慣,注意膳食營養(yǎng)均衡和適當(dāng)增加兒童戶外活動時間,同時強(qiáng)化社會性健康教育,從社會、家庭、托幼機(jī)構(gòu)等多方面關(guān)注兒童成長。
[Abstract]:Objective to investigate and analyze the physical examination data of 3-6 year old children in Lanzhou city for 2001-2011 years, so as to study the growth and development trend of the population for a long time (11 years), and to find out the outstanding physical development obstacles that still exist or emerging to affect its function, so as to provide guidance for the formulation of regional and domestic strategies to promote the healthy growth of the population. Basis.
Methods according to the characteristics of Lanzhou city geography, social function area and the nature of public and private kindergartens, stratified random cluster sampling was adopted to randomly select 3 or more kindergartens in different functional areas of Lanzhou city (at least one of the children's kindergartens with better conditions, medium and poor). A total of 67 kindergartens were selected as the investigation. The change trend was analyzed with height, weight and body mass index (BMI) as the main index. Three indexes, age height Z score (HAZ), age body weight Z score (WAZ) and weight Z score (WHZ), were used to screen their growth retardation, low weight, overweight, emaciation and obesity, and analyze the trend of change. The physical development of the horizontal (the same age group) and the vertical (with age increase) was compared and analyzed, and compared with the growth level of children under seven years of age in the urban area of nine in 2005.
Results the change of height and weight in 12001~2011 years
1.1 longitudinal analysis showed that the height and weight of males and females in general increased with age and accords with children's general growth and development law.
1.2 horizontal comparison found that the height and weight gain of men and women in all age groups were more obvious (P0.05), and boys (1.7cm, 2.3kg) were faster than girls (1.2cm, 0.7kg) (P0.05), showing significant gender and age differences.
Among them, there was a linear positive correlation between the height, weight and year of the 3 year old boys (rs=0.612, P0.05; rs=0.776, P0.05), the average height growth rate was 0.19%, the average growth rate of body weight was 0.49%, and there was only a linear positive correlation between the height and the year of the girls (rs=0.630, P0.05), and the average growth rate was 0.07%.
There was a linear positive correlation between body weight and age in the 4 year old group (rs=0.722, P0.05), with an average growth rate of 0.44%.
There was a linear positive correlation between body weight and age in boys aged 5 years (rs=0.606, P0.05, rs=0.719, P0.05), with an average growth rate of 0.13% and 0.65%. respectively.
There was a linear positive correlation between body weight and age in boys aged 6-7 years (rs=0.647, P0.05:rs=0.700, P0.05), with an average growth rate of 0.03% and 1.14%. respectively.
Changes in BMI P50 during 22001~2011 years
Transverse comparison showed that there was no correlation between BMI P50 and age in children of different age groups. The longitudinal comparison tended to decrease with age, and the growth rate of body height was faster than that of body weight.
32001~2011 years' Z score
3.1 the Z score of the subjects in the 11 years was compared, and the Z scores of all age groups were statistically different (P0.05).
Among the 3 and 4 years old children, there were linear positive correlation (rs=0.766, P0.05, rs=0.725, P0.05), and the average growth rate was 7.96% and 1.90%, respectively, and the HAZ score of 3-6 year old children had linear positive correlation with the year (rs=0.693, P0.05), and the average growth rate was 3.98%.
3.2Z score was used to detect malnutrition, overweight and obesity.
Horizontal comparison: the prevalence of overweight detection in all age groups and age groups (except 3 years old) in each age group in 11 years was statistically significant (P0.05), and increased gradually. The difference of growth retardation and emaciation detection rate in all age groups was statistically significant (P0.05), and the low weight detection of children in 3 and 4 years old groups was detected. The difference was not statistically significant (P0.05), but there was significant difference between the 5 year old group and the 6-7 year old group (P0.05).
Longitudinal comparison: in 11 years (except 2001), there was a statistical difference between all age groups (P0.05), and the detection rate decreased with age, but the detection rate of obesity was not statistically significant (P0.05), and the rate of low weight detection and 2006200 in 2002200820092011 years was 2006200. There was a statistically significant difference between age groups in the 7 years (P0.05). There was no significant difference in the low weight and emaciation rates among the other years (P0.05). In the 11 years, there was no significant difference between the 2003200420052010 years of the detection rate of growth retardation (P0.05) in the 11 years. There was a statistically significant difference in the rate of growth retardation in each age group (P0.05). Among them, there was a linear negative correlation between the low weight and the year of the 3 year old group (rs=-0.612, P0.05), the average descent rate was 11.34%, the 5 year old children were overweight, and the obesity was positively correlated with the year, (rs=0.880, P0.05; rs=0.725, P0.05). The average growth rate is 5.38% and 4.60%., respectively.
Conclusion as a whole, the growth and development of the population in the past ten years is obvious, showing a rapid growth trend. The traditional problems in physical development, such as growth retardation, low weight, and emaciation, are gradually improving. However, new physical development disorders like overweight and obesity, such as overweight and obesity, are also found in the population, that is, malnutrition and overnutrition. It is suggested that in the formulation and implementation of regional and domestic health promotion strategies for the growth of the population, we should pay attention to the improvement of malnutrition and pay high attention to the problem of physical development in excess of nutrition. The kindergartens and families should focus on cultivating good habits of children, and pay attention to the balance of dietary nutrition and appropriate increase in children's nutrition. Children's outdoor activity time, and strengthen social health education, from the community, family, nurseries and other aspects of child development.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：蘭州大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2012
【分類號】：R179

【參考文獻(xiàn)】

相關(guān)期刊論文 前10條

1 季成葉;胡佩瑾;何忠虎;;中國兒童青少年生長長期趨勢及其公共衛(wèi)生意義[J];北京大學(xué)學(xué)報(醫(yī)學(xué)版);2007年02期

2 熱娜·買買提;林方梅;多力坤·木扎帕爾;;烏魯木齊市4所幼兒園學(xué)齡前兒童單純性肥胖的影響因素[J];中國當(dāng)代兒科雜志;2008年01期

3 黎海芪;兒童體格發(fā)育評價及其在兒童保健工作中的應(yīng)用[J];中國兒童保健雜志;2000年04期

4 陳欣欣;北京市托幼園所兒童健康狀況評價與分析[J];中國兒童保健雜志;2001年03期

5 林穗方;曾芳玲;周燕燕;劉倩筠;胡艷;;2006年廣州市7歲以下兒童單純性肥胖流行病學(xué)調(diào)查分析[J];中國兒童保健雜志;2007年06期

6 王雁;;2002~2006年社區(qū)集體兒童健康體檢結(jié)果分析[J];華夏醫(yī)學(xué);2007年06期

7 鄭舉鵬,劉筱嫻;學(xué)齡前兒童生長發(fā)育與營養(yǎng)不良的評價方法[J];國外醫(yī)學(xué)(社會醫(yī)學(xué)分冊);2003年02期

8 李強(qiáng);社會學(xué)研究與我國的貧富差距問題[J];河北學(xué)刊;2003年03期

9 羅紅裔;;成都市1998～2007年集體兒童健康狀況變化趨勢[J];華西醫(yī)學(xué);2009年07期

10 王為達(dá) ,夏穎 ,任曉蘭 ,岳翠英;青島市0歲～14歲兒童生長發(fā)育指標(biāo)的調(diào)查以及與現(xiàn)行評價標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的比較[J];臨床兒科雜志;2002年06期

相關(guān)碩士學(xué)位論文 前2條

1 杜文雯;中國3-44歲居民鐵營養(yǎng)狀況及其與肥胖狀況的相關(guān)性研究[D];中國疾病預(yù)防控制中心;2008年

2 朱冰泉;浙江省0-6月齡嬰兒體格生長狀況的評價研究[D];浙江大學(xué);2009年

，

本文編號：1952087