本文選題：環(huán)境金融 + 道路交通環(huán)境稅�。� 參考：《中國(guó)農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)》2016年博士論文

【摘要】：改革開(kāi)放以來(lái),中國(guó)工業(yè)化、城鎮(zhèn)化水平穩(wěn)步提高,幾乎保持著年均10%的增長(zhǎng),取得了舉世矚目的成績(jī)。然而,隨著近年來(lái)道路交通設(shè)施的持續(xù)大量投資,機(jī)動(dòng)車(chē)保有量的快速增長(zhǎng),道路交通部門(mén)飛速發(fā)展,能源消耗大幅增加,導(dǎo)致其成為我國(guó)最主要的空氣污染源之一,嚴(yán)重威脅著居民健康,成為我國(guó)實(shí)現(xiàn)可持續(xù)發(fā)展、保障居民健康福利以及提升人民生活水平的重大障礙。面對(duì)嚴(yán)峻的環(huán)境污染形勢(shì),我國(guó)道路交通部門(mén)能源環(huán)境政策主要以“節(jié)能減碳”為根本出發(fā)點(diǎn)和政策目標(biāo),往往忽視如PM2.5,CO,NOx等污染物造成的居民健康危害和經(jīng)濟(jì)損失。此外,很多研究?jī)H考慮宏觀視角的政策影響,缺乏道路交通能源需求的考量。最為重要的是,現(xiàn)有研究要么集中于道路交通污染排放估計(jì),要么側(cè)重于居民健康物理?yè)p害評(píng)估,缺乏“環(huán)境稅——能源需求——污染排放——居民健康”的整體研究；也缺乏道路交通異質(zhì)性及相應(yīng)政策的考慮。因此,本文主要就我國(guó)道路交通污染排放異質(zhì)性,道路交通環(huán)境稅對(duì)能源消費(fèi)影響,機(jī)動(dòng)車(chē)增長(zhǎng)與環(huán)境稅對(duì)居民健康影響研究,基于道路交通異質(zhì)性的環(huán)境稅政策等問(wèn)題展開(kāi)研究。首先,本文實(shí)證研究了我國(guó)道路交通污染排放的異質(zhì)性問(wèn)題。本文以北京市為例,運(yùn)用協(xié)整方法驗(yàn)證了客、貨運(yùn)子部門(mén)活動(dòng)與空氣污染數(shù)據(jù)(API)的長(zhǎng)期均衡關(guān)系：并發(fā)現(xiàn)客運(yùn)和貨運(yùn)活動(dòng)均是空氣污染指數(shù)的單向Granger原因。此外,脈沖反應(yīng)表明,貨運(yùn)部門(mén)對(duì)API指數(shù)具有快速且劇烈影響,但持續(xù)時(shí)間較短,而貨運(yùn)部門(mén)開(kāi)始對(duì)API指數(shù)影響較小,但持續(xù)時(shí)間卻更長(zhǎng)；結(jié)合方差分解結(jié)果發(fā)現(xiàn),從長(zhǎng)期來(lái)看,相對(duì)于貨運(yùn)部門(mén),客運(yùn)部門(mén)對(duì)空氣污染負(fù)有更為主要責(zé)任。其次,本文對(duì)我國(guó)道路交通能源需求進(jìn)行了實(shí)證估計(jì),并在此基礎(chǔ)上,研究了不同環(huán)境稅稅率對(duì)道路交通能源消費(fèi)的影響。即本文分別基于我國(guó)2002至2012年,25個(gè)省級(jí)和306個(gè)市級(jí)地區(qū)的道路交通部門(mén)面板數(shù)據(jù),運(yùn)用雙對(duì)數(shù)回歸、AIDS、QUAIDS需求估計(jì)模型,估計(jì)了我國(guó)十種機(jī)動(dòng)車(chē)能源需求價(jià)格彈性、支出彈性等關(guān)鍵參數(shù),并發(fā)現(xiàn)不同方法估計(jì)得到的各類(lèi)機(jī)動(dòng)車(chē)能源需求彈性均為負(fù)值,而支出彈性值均為正值,且上述估計(jì)值幾乎都是統(tǒng)計(jì)顯著的。在此基礎(chǔ)上,定量研究了5%,10%,25%,35%,45%五種稅率情景下,我國(guó)各類(lèi)型機(jī)動(dòng)車(chē)燃油消費(fèi)變化情況。再次,通過(guò)借鑒營(yíng)養(yǎng)彈性的概念,本文構(gòu)建了道路交通污染排放彈性的概念,用以估計(jì)機(jī)動(dòng)車(chē)能源需求變化導(dǎo)致的污染排放變化；實(shí)證結(jié)果發(fā)現(xiàn)與能源需求價(jià)格彈性和支出彈性結(jié)果類(lèi)似,污染排放價(jià)格彈性均為負(fù)值,而污染排放支出彈性均為正值。在此基礎(chǔ)上,本文分別基于省級(jí)和市級(jí)數(shù)據(jù),使用空氣質(zhì)量模型、居民健康及經(jīng)濟(jì)評(píng)估模型等,實(shí)證研究了不同機(jī)動(dòng)車(chē)增長(zhǎng)及不同道路交通環(huán)境稅率對(duì)污染排放及居民健康損失的影響。最后,本文還研究了一系列基于道路交通異質(zhì)性的環(huán)境稅政策。首先對(duì)我國(guó)道路交通環(huán)境稅(以燃油稅為主)改革進(jìn)程、主要作用和意義進(jìn)行了分析和總結(jié),并發(fā)現(xiàn)其主要不足。然后,基于客、貨運(yùn)部門(mén)異質(zhì)性的環(huán)境稅政策研究發(fā)現(xiàn),對(duì)客運(yùn)部門(mén)征收環(huán)境稅,導(dǎo)致的總污染排放量降低要高于對(duì)貨運(yùn)部門(mén)征收環(huán)境稅的效果。然而,由于對(duì)貨運(yùn)部門(mén)征稅引起的NOx減排值要明顯高于客運(yùn)部門(mén)的減排值。因此,從居民健康影響角度而言,對(duì)貨運(yùn)部門(mén)征收環(huán)境稅的效果要比客運(yùn)部門(mén)征稅效果更為明顯�；诠才c私人交通部門(mén)異質(zhì)性的環(huán)境稅政策研究結(jié)果發(fā)現(xiàn),不論是從空氣污染排放的角度,還是從居民健康角度而言,對(duì)城市私人部門(mén)征收環(huán)境稅的政策效果明顯高于針對(duì)公共部門(mén)的環(huán)境稅效果�；谌加彤愘|(zhì)性的環(huán)境稅政策研究結(jié)果發(fā)現(xiàn),從我國(guó)居民健康福利的角度考慮,柴油稅稅率的健康影響遠(yuǎn)高于汽油稅的影響。綜上所述,隨著我國(guó)道路交通部門(mén)的快速發(fā)展,能源過(guò)度消耗,空氣污染排放和居民健康損害問(wèn)題愈發(fā)嚴(yán)重。而本文以道路交通能源需求為切入點(diǎn),并考慮到道路交通異質(zhì)性,對(duì)道路交通環(huán)境稅的健康影響進(jìn)行深入研究和定量估計(jì),在該領(lǐng)域的研究中尚屬首次。
[Abstract]:Since the reform and opening up, the level of China's industrialization and urbanization has steadily improved, almost maintaining an average annual growth of 10%, which has made remarkable achievements. However, with the continuous large investment in the road traffic facilities in recent years, the rapid growth of the motor vehicle ownership, the rapid development of the road transport department and the substantial increase in energy consumption have led to it becoming me. One of the most important sources of air pollution in China is a serious threat to the health of the residents. It has become a major obstacle to the sustainable development of our country, to ensure the health and welfare of the residents as well as to improve the living standard of the people. In the face of the severe environmental pollution situation, the energy and environmental policy of the road traffic department of our country is mainly based on the "energy saving and carbon reduction" as the fundamental starting point and policy. The objective is to ignore the health hazards and economic losses of residents, such as PM2.5, CO, NOx and other pollutants. In addition, many studies only consider the policy impact of macro perspective and lack the consideration of road traffic energy demand. Most importantly, the current research is either focused on road traffic pollution emission estimates, or focus on health physical damage to residents. It lacks the overall study of "environmental tax - energy demand - pollution emissions - residents' health" and the lack of road traffic heterogeneity and corresponding policy considerations. Therefore, this paper mainly deals with the heterogeneity of road traffic pollution emission in China, the impact of road traffic environment tax on energy consumption, motor vehicle growth and environmental tax on Residents The study of health impact is based on the environmental tax policy of road traffic heterogeneity. First, this paper empirically studies the heterogeneity of road traffic pollution emission in China. This paper, taking Beijing as an example, uses co integration method to verify the long-term equilibrium relationship between passenger transport sub sector activities and air pollution data (API). Both passenger and freight activities are one of the one-way Granger reasons for the air pollution index. In addition, the pulse response shows that the freight sector has a rapid and violent impact on the API index, but the duration is shorter, while the freight sector has begun to have less impact on the API index, but the duration is longer; the results of the junction variance decomposition found that, in the long run, relative to the index In the freight department, the passenger transport department is more responsible for air pollution. Secondly, this paper makes an empirical study of the road traffic energy demand in China, and on this basis, studies the impact of different environmental tax rates on road traffic energy consumption. This article is based on the road of 25 provincial and 306 municipal areas in China from 2002 to 2012. The road traffic department panel data, using the double logarithmic regression, AIDS, QUAIDS demand estimation model, estimated the key parameters such as price elasticity and expenditure elasticity of ten kinds of motor vehicles in China, and found that the energy demand elasticity of all kinds of motor vehicles estimated by different methods are negative, and the elastic value of expenditure is positive, and the above estimated value is a few. All of them are statistically significant. On this basis, the change of fuel consumption of various types of motor vehicles in China under the 5%, 10%, 25%, 35%, 45% five tax rates is studied. Again, by using the concept of nutrition elasticity, this paper constructs the concept of road traffic pollution emission elasticity, in order to estimate the pollution discharge caused by the change of motor vehicle energy demand. The empirical results show that the price elasticity of the energy demand is similar to the energy demand elasticity and expenditure elasticity, and the elasticity of the pollution emission price is negative, and the elasticity of the pollution discharge expenditure is positive. On the basis of the provincial and municipal data, this paper uses the air quality model, the residents' health and the economic evaluation model and so on. In the end, a series of environmental tax policies based on the heterogeneity of road traffic are also studied. First, the main role and significance of the reform process, the main role and the significance of the road traffic environment tax (based on fuel tax) in China are analyzed and summarized. Then, based on the study of the environmental tax policy based on the heterogeneity of the freight department, it is found that the collection of environmental tax on the passenger transport department is higher than the effect of the environmental tax on the freight department. However, the NOx emission reduction value caused by the taxation of the freight department is obviously higher than the emission reduction value of the passenger transport department. From the point of view of the health impact of the residents, the effect of levying environmental tax on the freight department is more obvious than that of the passenger transport sector. The results of the environmental tax policy based on the heterogeneity of public and private transportation departments have found that, from the perspective of air pollution emissions, or from the health perspective of the residents, the private sector of the city is on the basis of the residents' health. The effect of the policy on environmental tax is obviously higher than the environmental tax effect on the public sector. Based on the environmental tax policy of fuel heterogeneity, it is found that the health effect of diesel tax rate is much higher than the effect of gasoline tax on the health welfare of our residents. The problem of excessive consumption of sources, emission of air pollution and health damage of residents is becoming more and more serious. This paper, taking the road traffic energy demand as the breakthrough point, and taking into account the heterogeneity of road traffic, makes a thorough study and quantitative estimation of the health impact of road traffic environmental tax. It is still the first time in this field.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：中國(guó)農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2016
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：R122;F812.42
，

本文編號(hào)：1951105