本文選題：化肥企業(yè) + 工作場(chǎng)所健康促進(jìn)�。� 參考：《中國(guó)疾病預(yù)防控制中心》2012年碩士論文

【摘要】：肥料制造是基礎(chǔ)化工九小類之一,其主要生產(chǎn)特點(diǎn)是在大力推進(jìn)國(guó)民經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展的同時(shí),生產(chǎn)過(guò)程中使用大量的有毒有害物質(zhì),生產(chǎn)過(guò)程復(fù)雜,容易造成有毒有害物料的泄漏,噪聲、粉塵、振動(dòng)、熱輻射、高溫等職業(yè)危害因素對(duì)作業(yè)人員的健康和生命造成威脅。同時(shí)由于現(xiàn)代工作方式的改變以及勞動(dòng)者高層次需求的追求,勞動(dòng)者重視工作,容易受到職業(yè)緊張因素的影響,職業(yè)緊張不僅會(huì)嚴(yán)重影響到勞動(dòng)者的身體健康,同時(shí)也會(huì)給社會(huì)經(jīng)濟(jì)造成重大損失。隨著醫(yī)學(xué)模式由單純生物醫(yī)學(xué)模式向生物-心理-社會(huì)醫(yī)學(xué)模式的發(fā)展,為了保護(hù)勞動(dòng)者的健康,針對(duì)肥料制造行業(yè)的特點(diǎn),開(kāi)展工作場(chǎng)所健康促進(jìn)來(lái)預(yù)防和控制疾病發(fā)生。國(guó)內(nèi)外大量研究證實(shí)了健康促進(jìn)在預(yù)防與控制疾病、改善勞動(dòng)者健康等方面所取得的成效。某化肥企業(yè)屬于職業(yè)病危害嚴(yán)重行業(yè),為了保護(hù)勞動(dòng)者健康,提高員工健康水平,在工作場(chǎng)所開(kāi)展健康促進(jìn)研究,促進(jìn)企業(yè)職業(yè)衛(wèi)生發(fā)展,預(yù)防和控制疾病的發(fā)生。 目的 本研究通過(guò)調(diào)查了解某化肥企業(yè)職業(yè)衛(wèi)生管理、健康教育、職業(yè)病防治、急性職業(yè)中毒、工傷、職業(yè)衛(wèi)生防護(hù)經(jīng)費(fèi)等情況和員工的職業(yè)衛(wèi)生知識(shí)認(rèn)知、健康知識(shí)認(rèn)知、健康狀況、生活方式、職業(yè)衛(wèi)生服務(wù)需求、健康知識(shí)需求、職業(yè)衛(wèi)生知識(shí)需求、職業(yè)緊張等情況,分析其存在的主要問(wèn)題及其影響因素,根據(jù)企業(yè)基線需求評(píng)估調(diào)查結(jié)果分別進(jìn)行健康促進(jìn)干預(yù),以提高企業(yè)職業(yè)衛(wèi)生管理以及員工職業(yè)衛(wèi)生知識(shí)、健康知識(shí)、自我保健意識(shí)及技能水平,形成健康的行為生活方式和化肥行業(yè)工作場(chǎng)所健康促進(jìn)模式。 方法 采用整群抽樣方法,使用“健康促進(jìn)企業(yè)”試點(diǎn)項(xiàng)目基線調(diào)查表對(duì)某化肥企業(yè)及所有員工進(jìn)行基線調(diào)查,分析企業(yè)及其員工存在的主要職業(yè)衛(wèi)生及其健康問(wèn)題,針對(duì)存在的主要問(wèn)題及其需求制定干預(yù)方案,實(shí)施5期健康促進(jìn)干預(yù)活動(dòng),干預(yù)后采用基線調(diào)查表再次調(diào)查進(jìn)行干預(yù)效果評(píng)估。 結(jié)果 1.企業(yè)基線調(diào)查結(jié)果 企業(yè)運(yùn)行有完善的職業(yè)衛(wèi)生管理體系,每年定期進(jìn)行健康體檢、職業(yè)病危害因素監(jiān)測(cè)工作,上崗前對(duì)員工進(jìn)行職業(yè)病法律、法規(guī)及個(gè)體防護(hù)用品正確使用方法的培訓(xùn)。 2.員工基線調(diào)查結(jié)果 職業(yè)衛(wèi)生情況：?jiǎn)T工與企業(yè)簽訂勞動(dòng)合同、參加工傷保險(xiǎn)、每年定期進(jìn)行職業(yè)健康體檢、98.8%的生產(chǎn)工人知道所在的作業(yè)崗位存在職業(yè)病危害因素并設(shè)置了職業(yè)病危害警示標(biāo)識(shí)或警示說(shuō)明,得知職業(yè)病危害因素的主要方式是上崗前培訓(xùn),工人配備個(gè)體防護(hù)用品并能夠正確佩戴,有24.9%的員工對(duì)勞動(dòng)條件不滿意或很不滿意。 職業(yè)衛(wèi)生知識(shí)和健康知識(shí)認(rèn)知情況：?jiǎn)T工職業(yè)衛(wèi)生知識(shí)認(rèn)知率均較高,最低為對(duì)職業(yè)病是否可以預(yù)防的、認(rèn)知率為82.4%;員工對(duì)健康知識(shí)的正確認(rèn)知率最低為慢性病預(yù)防措施的認(rèn)知、為46.0%。 一般健康狀況和生活方式：存在主要問(wèn)題是員工吸煙率高、飲食口味偏咸、百分率分別為39.8%、27.7%。 相關(guān)服務(wù)與健康知識(shí)需求：?jiǎn)T工希望了解作業(yè)場(chǎng)所是否存在職業(yè)病危害因素及其對(duì)人體危害,并希望獲得個(gè)體職業(yè)病防護(hù)用品、參加職業(yè)健康體檢。希望了解高血壓、糖尿病等慢性病防治、膳食平衡等健康知識(shí)。 職業(yè)緊張：在調(diào)查中精神衛(wèi)生異常率為35.0%,應(yīng)付能力、自覺(jué)健康狀況是精神衛(wèi)生的保護(hù)因素；職業(yè)緊張是精神衛(wèi)生的危險(xiǎn)因素。 3.企業(yè)干預(yù)后調(diào)查結(jié)果： 企業(yè)重視職業(yè)衛(wèi)生工作,加大了職業(yè)衛(wèi)生及健康促進(jìn)的投入,采取的健康教育方式多樣化,培訓(xùn)的內(nèi)容不僅有職業(yè)衛(wèi)生知識(shí),還增加了健康知識(shí)、健康的生活方式和健康技能的培訓(xùn)。 4.員工干預(yù)后調(diào)查結(jié)果 干預(yù)后員工職業(yè)衛(wèi)生知識(shí)、健康知識(shí)每項(xiàng)認(rèn)知率均提高9個(gè)百分點(diǎn)以上,對(duì)勞動(dòng)條件滿意程度大有改善、員工自覺(jué)健康狀況有所提高,生活方式改變不明顯,職業(yè)衛(wèi)生服務(wù)需求不變,健康知識(shí)需求和職業(yè)衛(wèi)生知識(shí)需求有所變動(dòng),干預(yù)后員工精神衛(wèi)生異常率仍為42.1%、職業(yè)緊張因素得分增加。 5.干預(yù)效果達(dá)到第一階段干預(yù)目標(biāo)要求。 結(jié)論 通過(guò)健康促進(jìn)短期的第一階段干預(yù),企業(yè)領(lǐng)導(dǎo)重視職業(yè)衛(wèi)生工作,加大了職業(yè)衛(wèi)生及健康促進(jìn)的投入,員工參與健康促進(jìn)活動(dòng)積極性高、掌握職業(yè)衛(wèi)生知識(shí)、健康知識(shí)水平提高顯著,自覺(jué)健康狀況和對(duì)勞動(dòng)條件的滿意程度大幅度增加、同時(shí)員工掌握了健康技能,為以后健康行為的改變奠定了知識(shí)和技能基礎(chǔ),在一定程度上使得員工健康質(zhì)量得到提升。
[Abstract]:Fertilizer manufacturing is one of the nine small types of basic chemical industry. Its main production features are the use of a large number of toxic and harmful substances in the process of promoting the development of the national economy, the complex production process, and the leakage of toxic and harmful materials, noise, dust, vibration, heat radiation, high temperature and other occupational hazards to the workers. At the same time, health and life pose a threat. At the same time, due to the change of modern work mode and the pursuit of high level demand of workers, the workers' attention to work is easily affected by occupational stress. Occupational stress will not only seriously affect the health of the workers, but also cause significant losses to the social economy. In order to protect the health of the laborers and to promote the health of the fertilizer manufacturing industry, the health promotion of the workplace is carried out to prevent and control the occurrence of disease. A large number of studies at home and abroad have confirmed that health promotes the prevention and control of disease and the improvement of the health of workers. A chemical fertilizer enterprise is a serious occupational hazard industry. In order to protect the health of workers, improve the health level of employees, carry out health promotion research in the workplace, promote the development of occupational health and prevent and control the occurrence of disease.
objective
This study was conducted to understand the occupational health management, health education, occupational disease prevention, occupational disease prevention, occupational poisoning, occupational injury, occupational health protection funds and other conditions and employees' knowledge of occupational health knowledge, health knowledge cognition, health status, life style, occupational health service demand, health knowledge demand, and occupational health knowledge demand. In order to improve the management of occupational health and the knowledge of occupational health, health knowledge, self health awareness and skill level, a healthy behavior life style and chemical fertilizer are formed to form a healthy behavior life style and chemical fertilizer. Industry workplace health promotion model.
Method
Using the cluster sampling method, the baseline survey of the "health promotion enterprise" pilot project was used to carry out a baseline survey on a chemical fertilizer enterprise and all employees, to analyze the main occupational health and health problems of the enterprises and their employees, to formulate the intervention programs for the main problems and their needs, and to implement the 5 phase of health promotion intervention. After intervention, the baseline survey was used to re evaluate the effect of intervention.
Result
1. enterprise baseline survey results
The enterprise has a complete system of occupational health management, regular physical examination, monitoring of occupational hazards, and the training of occupational disease laws, regulations and the correct use of individual protective equipment before going on duty.
2. staff baseline survey results
Occupational health conditions: employees and enterprises sign labor contracts, take part in occupational injury insurance and carry out regular occupational health checkup every year. 98.8% of the workers know the occupational hazards in their jobs and set up warning signs or warning signs of occupational hazards. The main way to learn occupational hazards is to cultivate the occupational hazards. The workers are equipped with personal protective equipment and can wear them correctly. 24.9% of the workers are not satisfied with or satisfied with the working conditions.
The cognition of occupational health knowledge and health knowledge: the cognition rate of occupational health knowledge is high, the lowest is whether the occupational disease can be prevented, the cognition rate is 82.4%, and the correct cognition rate of the employee's knowledge of health is the cognition of the chronic disease prevention measures, which is 46.0%.
General health and lifestyle: the main problem is the high smoking rate and salty taste of food, with a percentage of 39.8%, 27.7%.
Related services and health knowledge requirements: employees want to know whether there are occupational hazards in the workplace and their harm to the human body, and hope to obtain individual occupational disease protection supplies and take part in occupational health examination.
Occupational stress: the rate of mental health abnormality was 35%, coping ability and mental health were the protective factors of mental health, and occupational stress was a risk factor for mental health.
3. the results of the study on the prognosis of the enterprises:
The enterprise attaches great importance to occupational health work, increases the input of occupational health and health promotion, and has diversified health education methods. The training has not only occupational health knowledge but also health knowledge, healthy life style and health skills training.
4. investigation results of employee's prognosis
The occupational health knowledge and knowledge of health knowledge were increased by 9 percentage points, and the satisfaction degree of the labor conditions was improved greatly, the employees' self-conscious health was improved, the lifestyle changes were not changed, the demand for occupational health service was unchanged, the needs of health knowledge and occupational health knowledge were changed, and the employees were given the prognosis. Mental health abnormality rate was 42.1%, occupational stress factor score increased.
5. the effect of intervention reached the requirements of the first stage of intervention.
conclusion
Through the health promotion of the first phase of the intervention, the enterprise leaders paid attention to the occupational health work, increased the investment in occupational health and health promotion, the staff participated in the health promotion activities, grasps the occupational health knowledge, improved the level of health knowledge, and increased the satisfaction degree of the conscious health and the labor conditions greatly. At the same time, the employees have mastered the health skills, laying the foundation of knowledge and skills for the change of their health behavior, and improving the health quality of employees to a certain extent.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：中國(guó)疾病預(yù)防控制中心
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2012
【分類號(hào)】：R134

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