本文選題：高職女生 + 營養(yǎng)知信行�。� 參考：《山東大學》2016年碩士論文

【摘要】：目的調(diào)查魯西地區(qū)高職女生對營養(yǎng)知識的掌握程度及營養(yǎng)知識的態(tài)度,了解調(diào)查對象日常行為習慣情況,依據(jù)體檢指標中的身高與體重計算體質(zhì)指數(shù)(BMI),對調(diào)查對象營養(yǎng)知信行與BMI之間的相關性進行分析,以此為促進我國女大學生身體健康提供相關的基礎科學依據(jù),同時為完善魯西地區(qū)大學生營養(yǎng)情況資料庫盡一份力。方法采用整群抽樣的方法抽取聊城職業(yè)技術(shù)學院大一39個班級的女生,一共795人,發(fā)放795份調(diào)查問卷,回收795份,回收率達到100%,整理清查時剔除64份無效問卷,最終獲得數(shù)據(jù)731份,有效率92.0%,以此作為研究對象。對研究對象進行問卷調(diào)查,即自行設計《關于大學生身體健康狀況及飲食習慣生活方式調(diào)查問卷》,內(nèi)容包括家庭基本情況(父母學歷、父母是否懂得營養(yǎng)知識、父母是否有不良飲食行為和不良生活習慣、家庭收入情況、月均花銷等)和營養(yǎng)知信行情況(營養(yǎng)知識、營養(yǎng)態(tài)度、行為習慣)。其中,“行為習慣”包括飲食行為(是否常吃早餐、是否常吃隔夜食物、是否常吃零食等)和生活習慣(是否經(jīng)常運動、吸煙飲酒情況、是否熬夜或通宵、是否購買和食用工業(yè)產(chǎn)品等)。設計好調(diào)查問卷后,先進行小范圍的預調(diào)查,再在導師幫助下反復論證修改問卷。為保證問卷質(zhì)量和回收率,問卷采用當場發(fā)放、匿名填寫、當場回收的方式,筆者全程參與。學生身高和體重數(shù)據(jù)源于校醫(yī)院對新生的入學體檢資料,用體質(zhì)指數(shù)(BMI)評價學生營養(yǎng)狀況。整理好問卷和體檢數(shù)據(jù)后,研究者用Epidata3.1軟件錄入問卷信息,用excel表格記錄體檢數(shù)據(jù),最終建立SPSS數(shù)據(jù)庫。整理好問卷和體檢數(shù)據(jù)后,研究者用Epidata3.1軟件錄入問卷信息,用excel表格記錄體檢數(shù)據(jù),最終建立SPSS數(shù)據(jù)庫。不同家庭背景因素的營養(yǎng)知信行得分之間的比較,不同營養(yǎng)知識掌握情況的營養(yǎng)態(tài)度得分比較,不同飲食行為情況的營養(yǎng)知識、態(tài)度得分比較,不同生活習慣的營養(yǎng)知識、營養(yǎng)態(tài)度、飲食行為得分比較,營養(yǎng)知信行得分情況的BMI值的比較,BMI不同區(qū)間的營養(yǎng)知信行得分情況比較均用t檢驗或F檢驗；營養(yǎng)知信行得分之間的相關性分析用Pearson相關分析；不同家庭背景因素、營養(yǎng)知信行不同BMI區(qū)間構(gòu)成比的差異比較則采用x2檢驗和Fisher確切概率法；多因素分析納入單因素有統(tǒng)計學意義的變量,選用非條件logistic回歸模型。本調(diào)查當中的統(tǒng)計學分析均由SPSS20.0軟件包完成,而統(tǒng)計學檢驗均以P0.05計為具有統(tǒng)計學意義。結(jié)果1.營養(yǎng)知信行情況。營養(yǎng)知識平均分為8.47±2.42(總分20分),得分在及格線(12分)以下的占89.3%,及格線及以上的僅10.7%,無一人達到優(yōu)秀(16分),父親懂得營養(yǎng)知識、母親文化程度較高、母親無不良生活習慣的女生營養(yǎng)知識得分較高；營養(yǎng)態(tài)度平均分為15.90±3.91(總分21分),整體情況較好。女生最為關注的營養(yǎng)教育內(nèi)容是“食物的合理搭配”,主要通過電視、報刊雜志、醫(yī)學書籍來獲取營養(yǎng)知識,父親懂得營養(yǎng)學常識的女生營養(yǎng)態(tài)度更為積極;行為習慣分為飲食行為與生活習慣兩部分,其中,飲食行為平均分為10.86±2.52(總分21分),整體情況較差。父親學歷較高、父母親懂得營養(yǎng)學常識、父母親均無不良飲食行為和生活習慣、飲食行為受到父母影響且家庭月均收入較高的女生飲食行為情況較好；生活習慣平均分為6.74±1.32(總分10分),整體情況較好。父親無不良飲食行為、母親無不良生活習慣、月均花銷較高的女生生活習慣更好。研究對象的營養(yǎng)知識得分越高則營養(yǎng)態(tài)度越積極,同時,她們的行為習慣越好。2.研究對象BMI情況。被調(diào)查者平均身高為162.84±4.8(cm),平均體重為53.53±8.60(kg),均高于全國17-21歲女生身高與體重的平均水平；7成以上的被調(diào)查者身高在160cm到170cm之間,少數(shù)達到180cm及以上,表明魯西地區(qū)女生骨骼發(fā)育情況良好;超過半數(shù)的女生體重在45kg到55kg之間,45kg以下者將近一成,少數(shù)達到95kg以上,表明魯西地區(qū)部分女生存在營養(yǎng)不良者和營養(yǎng)過剩情況；女生中低體重和正常體重者較多。不吃早餐是低體重的危險因素,同時也是超重或肥胖的保護因素,而偏食是超重或肥胖的危險因素。3.將BMI按照標準分為低體重、正常體重、超重、肥胖這四個區(qū)間,結(jié)果顯示：父親學歷不同、平均月花銷不同的研究對象在不同BMI區(qū)間的構(gòu)成比差異具有統(tǒng)計學意義,其他不同家庭背景者在不同BMI區(qū)間的構(gòu)成比差異無統(tǒng)計學意義；營養(yǎng)知識掌握較好者與較差者之間在不同BMI區(qū)間的構(gòu)成比差異無統(tǒng)計學意義,但是,營養(yǎng)知識得分較高者與較低者的BMI值比較,差異具有統(tǒng)計學意義,而不同BMI區(qū)間的營養(yǎng)知識得分之間比較,差異無統(tǒng)計學意義；積極向周圍人傳播營養(yǎng)知識者和不積極向周圍人傳播營養(yǎng)知識者在不同BMI區(qū)間的構(gòu)成比差異具有統(tǒng)計學意義,其他營養(yǎng)態(tài)度較好者與較差者在不同BMI區(qū)間的構(gòu)成比差異和這兩組人群的BMI值差異均無統(tǒng)計學意義,不同BMI區(qū)間的營養(yǎng)態(tài)度得分之間比較,差異無統(tǒng)計學意義；“是否吃早餐”、“是否偏食”這兩項飲食行為較好者與較差者之間在不同BMI區(qū)間的構(gòu)成比差異具有統(tǒng)計學意義,其他飲食行為較好者與較差者在不同BMI區(qū)間的構(gòu)成比差異和這兩組人群的BMI值差異均無統(tǒng)計學意義,不同BMI區(qū)間的飲食行為得分之間比較,差異無統(tǒng)計學意義；生活習慣較好者與較差者在不同BMI區(qū)間的構(gòu)成比差異和這兩組人群的BMI值差異均無統(tǒng)計學意義,且不同BMI區(qū)間的生活習慣得分之間比較,差異無統(tǒng)計學意義。結(jié)論1.研究對象營養(yǎng)知識和飲食行為得分較低,而營養(yǎng)態(tài)度和生活習慣得分較高,她們的知信行均受到父母影響,且受母親影響較深。2.營養(yǎng)知信行兩兩之間均呈正相關。3.研究對象中正常體重者和低體重者較多；不吃早餐容易造成低體重,偏食的女生更容易超重或發(fā)胖。4.不同BMI區(qū)間的營養(yǎng)知信行得分之間無顯著差異,相較而言,營養(yǎng)知識得分較高女生比營養(yǎng)知識得分較低女生的BMI值更趨于正常。
[Abstract]:Objective to investigate the degree of mastery of nutrition knowledge and the attitude of nutrition knowledge for higher vocational girls in western Shandong Province, to understand the daily behavior habits of the respondents, to calculate the physical fitness index (BMI) according to the height and weight of the physical examination indexes, and to analyze the correlation between the nutrition information and the BMI of the respondents in order to promote the female college students in China. The basic scientific basis of physical health was provided. At the same time, a total of 795 students in the 39 classes of Liaocheng Vocational and Technical College were selected by cluster sampling. 795 questionnaires were issued and 795 were collected, the recovery rate was 100%, and 6 was eliminated. 4 invalid questionnaires were obtained, and the final data were 731 and the efficiency was 92%. A questionnaire survey was carried out on the subjects, that is, self design < about the health status of college students and the questionnaire of lifestyle habits. Good eating behavior and bad habits, family income, monthly expenses, etc. and nutrition knowledge and trust (nutrition knowledge, nutrition attitude, behavior habit). Among them, "behavior habits" include eating behavior (whether eating breakfast often, eating overnight food, eating snacks often, etc.) and living habits (often exercise, smoking and drinking. Whether to stay up late or all night, whether to buy and eat industrial products, etc.). After designing a survey questionnaire, the advanced survey was conducted in a small range, and the questionnaire was repeatedly demonstrated with the help of the tutor. In order to guarantee the quality and recovery of the questionnaire, the questionnaire was issued on the spot, anonymous filling, and the way of reclaim on the spot. The heavy data was derived from the physical examination data of the freshmen in the school hospital. The nutritional status of the students was evaluated by the body mass index (BMI). After sorting out the questionnaire and the physical examination data, the researchers recorded the questionnaire information with the Epidata3.1 software, recorded the physical data with the Excel form, and finally established the SPSS database. After adjusting the questionnaire and physical examination data, the researchers used Epidata3.1 soft. To record the questionnaire information, record the physical examination data with the EXCEL form, and finally establish the SPSS database. The comparison between the nutritional knowledge and letter scores of different family background factors, the comparison of the nutritional attitude score of different nutrition knowledge, the nutrition knowledge of different dietary behavior, the comparison of the attitude score, the nutrition knowledge of different living habits, camp The comparison of the BMI value of the score of nutrition knowledge and credit scores, the comparison of the score of the nutrition knowledge and credit lines in the different areas of BMI were all compared with the t test or the F test, and the correlation analysis between the scores of nutrition knowledge and credit lines was analyzed by the Pearson correlation analysis, and the difference in the ratio of the different BMI interval in the different family background factors and the nutritional knowledge lines was poor. X2 test and Fisher exact probability method were used for the comparison, and the multivariate analysis was included in the single factor statistically significant variables and the non conditional logistic regression model was selected. The statistical analysis in this survey were all completed by the SPSS20.0 software package, and the statistical test was statistically significant with P0.05. 1. The average nutrition knowledge was divided into 8.47 + 2.42 (total score 20), the score below the passing line (12 points) accounted for 89.3%, the passing line and the above were only 10.7%, no one reached excellent (16 points), the father knew nutrition knowledge, the mother had higher education level, the mother had higher nutrition knowledge with no bad living habits, and the nutrition attitude was 15.90 + 3.91. A total of 21 points), the overall situation is better. The content of nutrition education that girls most concerns is "the rational collocation of food", mainly through the television, newspapers and magazines, medical books to obtain nutrition knowledge, the Father knows the nutrition knowledge of nutrition attitude is more active; behavior habits are divided into two parts of eating behavior and living habits, among them, diet The average behavior was 10.86 + 2.52 (total score 21), the overall situation was poor. Father had a higher education, parents knew nutriology common sense, parents had no bad eating behavior and living habits, the diet behavior was affected by parents and families with higher monthly income were better. The average life habits were 6.74 + 1.32 (total score 10). The overall situation was better. The father had no bad diet behavior, the mother had no bad living habits, the higher female living habits were better. The higher the nutrition knowledge score of the research object, the more positive the nutrition attitude was, and the better their behavior habits, the better the.2. research object BMI situation. The average height of the respondents was 162.84 + 4.8 (CM), averaging the average height. The body weight was 53.53 + 8.60 (kg), which was higher than the average height and weight of 17-21 year old girls in the country. The height of the respondents was between 160cm and 170cm, and a few reached 180cm and above, indicating that the skeletal development of girls in western Shandong was good; more than half of the girls were between 45kg and 55kg, and almost 10% of the women under 45kg, a few of them, and a few of them. Up to 95kg, indicating that some girls in the western Shandong region have malnutrition and overnutrition; girls with low weight and normal weight. No breakfast is a risk factor for low weight, and it is also a protective factor for overweight or obesity, while partial food is a risk factor for overweight or obesity,.3. divides BMI into low weight according to standard. The four intervals of normal weight, overweight and obesity showed that the differences in the composition ratio of the research objects with the average monthly expenses in different BMI intervals were statistically significant, and the composition ratio of other family backgrounds in different BMI intervals was not statistically significant; There was no statistically significant difference in the composition ratio of the different BMI intervals, but the difference was statistically significant compared with the lower BMI values, but there was no statistical difference between the scores of nutrition knowledge in different BMI intervals. The constituent ratio of the knowledge-based in the different BMI interval has statistical significance. There is no significant difference in the constituent ratio of the other nutrition attitude and the poor person in the different BMI interval and the BMI value of the two groups, and the difference between the nutritional attitude scores of different BMI intervals is not statistically significant; "whether to eat breakfast", " Whether the two items of eating behavior were better than those of the poorer among the different BMI intervals, there was statistical significance. There was no significant difference in the composition ratio of other dietary behaviors and those of the poor in the different BMI interval and the difference in the BMI value of the two groups, and the comparison between the dietary behavior scores in different BMI intervals. There was no statistical significance. There was no significant difference in the composition ratio of the people with better living habits and the poor people in the different BMI interval and the BMI value of the two groups, and there was no statistical difference between the scores of life habits in different BMI intervals. Conclusion the score of nutrition knowledge and diet behavior in the 1. subjects was lower, and the nutrition was lower. The scores of attitudes and habits were higher, their parents were affected by their parents, and their mother's influence on the deep.2. nutrition knowledge line 22 was positively correlated with normal weight and low weight subjects in.3. research subjects; no breakfast was easy to cause low weight, and the girls of partial diet were more likely to be overweight or fat.4. different BMI interval battalions. There was no significant difference in the scores of knowledge, belief and behavior. Compared with the score of nutrition knowledge, girls scored lower than their nutritional knowledge score, and the BMI value of female students tended to be normal.
【學位授予單位】：山東大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2016
【分類號】：R151.42

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