發(fā)布時(shí)間：2018-04-20 10:31

  本文選題：0-1歲嬰兒 + 動(dòng)作發(fā)展�。� 參考：《山西大學(xué)》2012年碩士論文

【摘要】：當(dāng)今社會(huì),隨著人們物質(zhì)生活水平的日益提高,很多家長把目光投向了孩子的教育。尤其是近年來,80后一代為人父母,更是逐漸認(rèn)識(shí)到了早期教育的重要性。早教機(jī)構(gòu)蓬勃發(fā)展,胎教育兒理念不斷先進(jìn),但不可忽視的是很多家長對(duì)早教的認(rèn)識(shí)僅僅停留在開發(fā)智力等領(lǐng)域,而對(duì)嬰幼兒的動(dòng)作發(fā)展的認(rèn)識(shí)還存在諸多誤區(qū)。 嬰幼兒祖輩(當(dāng)前照顧嬰幼兒的重要力量)的早教理念停滯,直接影響孩子的成長。祖輩大多認(rèn)為孩子不出危險(xiǎn),安全就好,身體健康不生病就好,因而不會(huì)積極引導(dǎo)孩子動(dòng)作發(fā)展。 家長普遍對(duì)嬰兒動(dòng)作發(fā)展的認(rèn)識(shí)不全面。他們很重視發(fā)展嬰兒的頭部動(dòng)作、翻身、爬行這三類動(dòng)作,對(duì)站、走、蹲等使用下肢力量頻繁的動(dòng)作不太重視,對(duì)嬰兒的精細(xì)動(dòng)作了解不多,不知如何幫助嬰兒進(jìn)行練習(xí)。 對(duì)母乳喂養(yǎng)不夠重視導(dǎo)致嬰幼兒體質(zhì)減弱。很多父母忽視母乳喂養(yǎng),導(dǎo)致嬰兒體質(zhì)下降、免疫力低下,經(jīng)常性患有各種或大或小的疾病,影響動(dòng)作的發(fā)展。 適合中國嬰兒動(dòng)作發(fā)展的常模缺乏。國外用來檢測(cè)正常兒童標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化年齡的量表需要有專業(yè)素養(yǎng)的主試,需要被試出一定的費(fèi)用購買,需要特定的環(huán)境。對(duì)于沒有兒童心理學(xué)知識(shí)背景的普通家長來說,這類量表不能滿足他們的需要。而國內(nèi)的評(píng)測(cè)工具也只是20世紀(jì)70年代末研究制定的,很多指標(biāo)也不能體現(xiàn)當(dāng)今嬰幼兒動(dòng)作發(fā)展的真實(shí)情況。 鑒于上述種種不足,本研究特編制了一份0-1歲嬰兒動(dòng)作發(fā)展的評(píng)估記錄表,給予廣大家長更多、更詳實(shí)、更方便、易操作的參考。 本研究選取44名不同地區(qū)的2011年左右出生的0-1歲嬰兒為被試,采用訪談法、個(gè)案追蹤法和問卷調(diào)查法,進(jìn)行為時(shí)一年的追蹤。其中,重點(diǎn)選取6名進(jìn)行個(gè)案追蹤觀察,每月觀察1-2次,每次10分鐘,運(yùn)用拍照、錄像等記錄方式,詳細(xì)記錄這6名嬰兒的動(dòng)作行為的發(fā)生過程。最終形成一份《0-1歲嬰兒大運(yùn)動(dòng)動(dòng)作、精細(xì)動(dòng)作發(fā)展評(píng)估記錄表》,共兩部分,11個(gè)大項(xiàng)目,165個(gè)具體指標(biāo)。 結(jié)論如下： 1.通過研究發(fā)現(xiàn),民間百姓對(duì)0-1歲嬰兒的“二抬頭、三翻、六坐、七滾、八爬、十站、周歲走”說法一致。只是部分細(xì)節(jié)項(xiàng)目上有出入,見表3.6和3.8。 2.與30年前(20世紀(jì)70年代末)的研究(天津調(diào)查和中科院心理研究所)比較可知,大運(yùn)動(dòng)動(dòng)作(共37項(xiàng))有20項(xiàng)提前,2項(xiàng)落后,15項(xiàng)一致。精細(xì)動(dòng)作(共21項(xiàng))有9項(xiàng)提前,4項(xiàng)落后,8項(xiàng)一致。見表3.7和3.9。 3.編制一份《0-1歲嬰兒大運(yùn)動(dòng)動(dòng)作、精細(xì)動(dòng)作發(fā)展評(píng)估記錄表》,見附錄1。 4.影響嬰兒大運(yùn)動(dòng)和精細(xì)動(dòng)作發(fā)展明顯的因素有遺傳、父母的性格、家庭氛圍、養(yǎng)育觀念、家庭物質(zhì)環(huán)境與嬰兒自身的練習(xí)、成人對(duì)子女的訓(xùn)練、成人對(duì)嬰兒掌握操作事物技能的關(guān)注度和激發(fā)度、處理突發(fā)事件的心態(tài)等.
[Abstract]:Nowadays, with the improvement of people's material life, many parents turn their attention to the education of their children. Especially in recent years, the post-80s generation of parents, but also gradually recognized the importance of early education. The institutions of early education are booming, and the conception of fetal education is constantly advanced, but it can not be ignored that many parents' understanding of early education is only in the field of developing intelligence, but there are still many misunderstandings about the development of infants' actions. The concept of early education of infant ancestors (currently an important force to take care of infants) is stagnant, which directly affects the growth of children. Most of the ancestors think that children are safe, safe and healthy, so they do not actively guide the development of children's movements. Parents generally do not have a comprehensive understanding of infant movement development. They attach great importance to the development of the baby's head movements, turn over, crawl these three movements, to stand, walk, squat and so on the use of lower extremity strength frequent movement, not much attention to the baby's fine movements, do not know how to help the baby to practice. Inadequate attention to breast-feeding leads to a weakened constitution of infants and young children. Many parents ignore breast-feeding, resulting in a decline in infant health, low immunity, often suffering from a variety of large or small diseases, affecting the development of movement. Lack of norm for infant movement development in China. The scale used to measure the standardized age of normal children requires a professional test, a certain cost to be tested, and a specific environment. For parents with no knowledge of child psychology, the scale does not meet their needs. The domestic evaluation tools are only developed in the late 1970s, and many indicators can not reflect the true situation of the development of infant movements. In view of the above shortcomings, this study has compiled an evaluation record for the development of 0-1 year old infants' movements, which provides more, more detailed, more convenient and easy reference for parents. In this study, 44 infants aged 0-1 were selected from different regions in 2011. Interviews, case tracking and questionnaire survey were used to follow up for one year. Among them, 6 cases were selected to be followed up and observed 1-2 times a month for 10 minutes each time. The action behavior of the 6 infants was recorded in detail by taking pictures and video recording. Finally, a < 0-1 year old infant's big movement and fine movement development evaluation record was formed, which consists of two parts, 11 big items and 165 specific indexes. The conclusions are as follows: 1. Through the research, the folk people to 0-1 year old baby "two rise, three turn over, six sit, seven roll, eight climb, ten stops, one year walk" the saying is consistent. There are only some discrepancies in detail, as shown in tables 3. 6 and 3. 8. 2. Compared with the research conducted 30 years ago in the late 1970s (Tianjin investigation and Institute of Psychology of the Chinese Academy of Sciences), it is found that there are 20 major sports movements (37 items in total) and 15 items in advance. There were 9 fine movements (21 items in total), 4 items in advance and 8 items in agreement. See tables 3.7 and 3.9. 3. Develop a < 0-1-year-old infant's big movement, fine movement development evaluation record, see Appendix 1. 4. The obvious factors that influence the development of infant's big movement and fine movement are heredity, parents' character, family atmosphere, parenting concept, family material environment and infant's own practice, adult training for children, Adults pay attention to and motivate infants to master the skills of manipulating things, and the attitude of dealing with unexpected events, etc.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：山西大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2012
【分類號(hào)】：R174

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