甘肅省天水市餐飲及住宿場所控制吸煙現(xiàn)況研究
發(fā)布時間：2018-04-14 02:22
本文選題：控?zé)?/strong> + 二手煙暴露��； 參考：《蘭州大學(xué)》2014年碩士論文
【摘要】：目的： 通過對甘肅省天水市餐飲、住宿類公共場所開展吸煙狀況、禁煙標志設(shè)置及禁煙管理宣傳情況和經(jīng)營業(yè)主、服務(wù)人員及顧客對禁煙認知、態(tài)度和行為、禁煙勸阻用語使用等現(xiàn)狀調(diào)查,為研究建立室內(nèi)公共場所禁止吸煙的衛(wèi)生監(jiān)督管理工作模式提供可靠的數(shù)據(jù)依據(jù),有效推進室內(nèi)公共場所禁止吸煙工作的深入開展。 方法： 研究采用現(xiàn)場觀察、問卷調(diào)查和訪談三種方法,通過分層隨機抽樣,從甘肅省天水市的餐飲場所、住宿場所中抽取100家餐飲場所和100家住宿場所進行現(xiàn)場觀察,并分別對兩場所內(nèi)的5名經(jīng)營業(yè)主和5名服務(wù)人員進行訪談,對兩場所內(nèi)的100位工作人員和110位消費顧客進行攔截問卷調(diào)查。 結(jié)果： (1)餐飲場所研究結(jié)果 現(xiàn)場觀察發(fā)現(xiàn),16%餐飲場所全面禁煙,59%的場所內(nèi)張貼禁煙警語或標識；8%的場所設(shè)有室外吸煙區(qū)；7%的場所設(shè)置有關(guān)吸煙危害健康的宣傳；69%的場所銷售卷煙,75%的場所內(nèi)擺放煙具,67%的場所存在煙蒂,87%的場所在觀察期間有吸煙現(xiàn)象,其中發(fā)現(xiàn)有勸阻行為的僅占5.75%。 問卷調(diào)查結(jié)果顯示,69%的工作人員完全不知曉衛(wèi)生部《公共場所衛(wèi)生管理條例實施細則》第十八條的禁煙規(guī)定,25%的工作人員接受過本單位的控?zé)熍嘤?xùn)；82%的工作人員贊同餐飲場所全面禁煙；被調(diào)查者無一人認為場所禁煙會提高營業(yè)收入,且性別、年齡、受教育程度、自身吸煙狀況、場所信譽等級認知上的差異無統(tǒng)計學(xué)意義(P0.05)。 88.18%的顧客認為二手煙能導(dǎo)致嚴重疾病,82.73%的就餐顧客有過暴露于二手煙的經(jīng)歷,89.47%的吸煙顧客表示被他人勸阻會立即停止吸煙；在主動勸阻他人吸煙行為的調(diào)查發(fā)現(xiàn),女性的勸阻率高于男性(P0.05),非吸煙者勸阻率高于吸煙者(P0.05)；不同性別、年齡和吸煙狀況的顧客在就餐場所意向選擇上存在差異(P0.05)；80.91%的顧客對餐飲場所全面禁煙表示支持,62.73%的顧客從未聽說過《公共場所衛(wèi)生管理條例實施細則》第十八條的禁煙規(guī)定,非吸煙者對該《細則》的認知度高于吸煙者(P0.05),且性別、年齡、受教育程度對其認知上的差異無統(tǒng)計學(xué)意義(P0.05)。 訪談結(jié)果顯示,40%的服務(wù)人員表示在過去的七天內(nèi),有暴露于二手煙的經(jīng)歷。40%的服務(wù)人員了解二手煙危害,但是對二手煙導(dǎo)致的具體臟器器官損害不了解。服務(wù)人員表示不勸阻吸煙現(xiàn)象的原因是擔(dān)心引起顧客的不快。多數(shù)業(yè)主愿意創(chuàng)建無煙餐飲場所,但擔(dān)心禁煙會降低營業(yè)收入。 (2)住宿場所研究結(jié)果 現(xiàn)場觀察發(fā)現(xiàn),26.00%的場所全面禁煙,94.00%的場所內(nèi)張貼禁煙警語或標識；4.00%的場所設(shè)有室外吸煙區(qū)；13.00%的場所設(shè)置有關(guān)吸煙危害健康的宣傳；13.00%的場所銷售卷煙,97%的場所內(nèi)擺放煙具,58.00%的場所存在煙蒂,56.00%的場所在觀察期間有吸煙現(xiàn)象,其中發(fā)現(xiàn)有勸阻行為的僅占8.93%。 問卷調(diào)查結(jié)果顯示,64%的工作人員完全不知曉衛(wèi)生部《公共場所衛(wèi)生管理條例實施細則》第十八條的禁煙規(guī)定,84%的工作人員贊同住宿場所完全禁煙,40%的工作人員接受過本單位的控?zé)熍嘤?xùn)；被調(diào)查者無一人認為場所禁煙會提高營業(yè)收入,且性別、年齡、受教育程度、自身吸煙狀況、場所信譽等級在認知上的差異無統(tǒng)計學(xué)意義(P0.05)。 88.18%的顧客認為二手煙能導(dǎo)致嚴重疾病,94.55%的顧客有過暴露于二手煙的經(jīng)歷,90.70%的吸煙顧客表示被勸阻會立即停止吸煙；在主動勸阻他人吸煙行為的調(diào)查發(fā)現(xiàn),女性的勸阻率高于男性(P0.05),非吸煙者勸阻率高于吸煙者(P0.05)；不同性別和吸煙狀況的顧客在住宿場所意向選擇上存在差異(P0.05)；83.64%的顧客對住宿場所全面禁煙表示支持,55.45%的顧客從未聽說過《公共場所衛(wèi)生管理條例實施細則》第十八條的禁煙規(guī)定,且性別、年齡、受教育程度、自身吸煙狀況對其認知上的差異無統(tǒng)計學(xué)意義(P0.05)。 訪談結(jié)果顯示,80%的場所服務(wù)人員表示在過去的七天內(nèi),有暴露于二手煙的經(jīng)歷。80%的服務(wù)人員了解二手煙危害,并且知曉二手煙會導(dǎo)致呼吸系統(tǒng)疾病和肺部疾��；服務(wù)人員表示不勸阻吸煙現(xiàn)象的原因是擔(dān)心引起顧客的不快；多數(shù)業(yè)主愿意創(chuàng)建無煙住宿場所,但擔(dān)心禁煙會降低營業(yè)收入。 結(jié)論： ,(1)餐飲、住宿業(yè)場所普遍缺乏有效的控?zé)煷胧?全面禁煙的比例較低； (2)針對餐飲、住宿業(yè)工作人員開展的控?zé)熤R培訓(xùn)覆蓋率較��； (3)餐飲、住宿業(yè)場所自行規(guī)定的禁煙政策不能解決二手煙暴露問題； (4)公眾對餐飲、住宿類場所全面禁煙存在誤解； (5)餐飲、住宿業(yè)場所公眾對二手煙具體危害認知度較低,顧客、服務(wù)人員拒絕二手煙的社會風(fēng)氣沒有形成； (6)餐飲、住宿業(yè)場所全面禁煙符合大多數(shù)顧客的意愿和需求。
[Abstract]:Objective:
Through to the Gansu province Tianshui catering, accommodation in public places to carry out smoking status, smoking and non-smoking signs set management and publicity business owners, service personnel and customers for smoking cognition, attitude and behavior survey of smoking to discourage usage so as to provide reliable data for the study of establishment of indoor smoking bans in public places health supervision and management the work mode, effectively promote the indoor smoking bans in public places to carry out.
Method:
By field observation, questionnaires and interviews with three methods, by stratified random sampling from Gansu Province, Tianshui dining, accommodation in selected 100 catering establishments and 100 hotels were observed, and were on the two in 5 business owners and 5 staff members were interviewed, 100 the staff of the two in and 110 customers to intercept survey.
Result:
(1) research results of food and beverage places
We observed 16% dining spaces non-smoking places in 59%, put up non-smoking places or warning signs; 8% is provided with an outdoor smoking area; 7% of the locations of the health hazards of smoking propaganda; 69% places selling cigarettes, 75% sites placed in the presence of 67% smoking, cigarette butts, 87% places the phenomenon of smoking during the observation period, which found to discourage behavior accounted for only 5.75%.
Survey results show that 69% of staff are completely unaware of the Ministry of health regulations "public health management rules for the implementation of article eighteenth of the smoking ban, 25% staff received the tobacco control units training; 82% of the staff agree with dining places smoke-free; respondents who think that no smoking will increase business income, and gender, age, level of education, their smoking status, there was no significant difference on the cognitive place credit rating (P0.05).
88.18% of the customers that secondhand smoke can cause serious diseases, 82.73% dining customers have been exposed to secondhand smoke, 89.47% of customers said by others would discourage smoking immediately stop smoking; others found in the survey initiative to discourage smoking behavior, the rate is higher than the male female dissuade (P0.05), non smokers discourage rate higher than smokers (P0.05); different gender, different age and smoking status of the customers in the dining venues intention selection (P0.05); 80.91% of the customers expressed support for the dining place a total ban on smoking, 62.73% of consumers have never heard of the eighteenth rules for the implementation of the smoking bans said public health management Ordinance ", the" rules of recognition non smokers than in smokers (P0.05), and the gender, age, level of education had no significant differences on the cognition of the (P0.05).
The interview results showed that 40% of the staff said that in the past seven days, are exposed to secondhand smoke through.40% service personnel to understand the dangers of secondhand smoke, but the specific organs damage lead to second-hand smoke do not understand. Service staff said not to discourage smoking phenomenon is caused by fear of unhappy customers. The majority of owners to create smoke-free restaurants, but worried that smoking will reduce operating income.
(2) research results of accommodation
We observed 26% places smoke-free, 94% places in the post no smoking places or warning signs; the 4% is provided with an outdoor smoking area; 13% of the locations of the health hazards of smoking propaganda; 13% places selling cigarettes, 97% sites placed in the presence of 58% smoking, cigarette butts, 56% places the phenomenon of smoking during the observation period, which found to discourage behavior accounted for only 8.93%.
Survey results show that 64% of staff are completely unaware of the Ministry of health regulations "public health management rules for the implementation of article eighteenth of the smoking ban, 84% staff with accommodation completely smoke-free, 40% of the staff received the tobacco control training unit; no respondents who think that smoking will increase sales income, and gender, age, level of education, their smoking status, there was no significant difference in cognition of credit rating sites (P0.05).
88.18% of the customers that secondhand smoke can cause serious diseases, 94.55% of customers have been exposed to secondhand smoke, 90.70% of customers said smoking is discouraged will immediately stop smoking; found in the survey initiative to discourage others from smoking, women discourage rate is higher than male (P0.05), non smokers was higher than smokers (P0.05) discouraged there are differences; different gender and smoking status in the customer accommodation choice intention (P0.05); 83.64% of the customers expressed support for accommodation non-smoking, 55.45% of consumers have never heard of article eighteenth of the rules for the implementation of the smoking ban, "said the public health management and gender, age, level of education, their smoking status no statistically significant differences on the cognition on (P0.05).
The interview results showed that 80% of the ground service personnel said that in the past seven days, are exposed to secondhand smoke through.80% service personnel to understand and know the dangers of secondhand smoke, secondhand smoke causes respiratory diseases and lung diseases; service personnel said not to discourage smoking phenomenon is caused by fear of unhappy customers most; the owners are willing to create smoke-free accommodation, but worried that smoking will reduce operating income.
Conclusion:
(1) there is a general lack of effective measures for tobacco control in restaurants, and the proportion of total smoking ban is low.
(2) in view of catering, the coverage rate of tobacco control knowledge training carried out by the staff of the accommodation industry is small.
(3) the problem of exposure of second-hand smoke can not be solved by the policy of self-contained prohibition of smoking in the accommodation industry.
(4) public misunderstanding of the overall smoking ban in restaurants and lodging places;
(5) the public awareness of the specific hazards of secondhand smoke is low in catering and accommodation, and the social atmosphere of refusing second-hand smoke by the service staff has not been formed.
(6) catering, the overall ban on smoking in the accommodation industry is in line with the wishes and needs of most customers.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：蘭州大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號】：R163
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