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  本文選題：吸煙者　切入點(diǎn)：成年　出處：《復(fù)旦大學(xué)》2012年碩士論文

【摘要】：[研究背景] 吸煙危害是當(dāng)今嚴(yán)重的公共衛(wèi)生問題之一。目前,全球有11億吸煙者,全世界每年因吸煙死亡的人數(shù)高達(dá)600萬,其中吸煙者死亡約540萬,因二手煙暴露所造成的非吸煙者死亡人數(shù)約為60萬。我國是世界上最大的煙草生產(chǎn)國和消費(fèi)國,2007年,我國吸煙者3.5億人,吸煙率為30.3%,7.38億不吸煙的中國人遭受二手煙的危害,每年因吸煙相關(guān)疾病所致死亡人數(shù)超過100萬。2010年,上海市居民的吸煙率為28.6%,被動吸煙率達(dá)26.5%。 多方的科學(xué)證據(jù)已總結(jié)出：世界八大死因中,煙草使用是其中六個死因的危險因素,也是當(dāng)今世界上最可預(yù)防的死因。吸煙者成癮的減除,即戒煙,是21世紀(jì)中葉以前減少吸煙有關(guān)死亡的最有效途徑。然而,吸煙是一種復(fù)雜的藥物濫用行為。在我國的吸煙者中,有戒煙打算的吸煙者占38.8%,但是,最后能夠成功戒煙者的比例僅為10.7%。上海吸煙者的戒煙成功率僅為12.9%。同時,提供戒煙服務(wù)的成本很高,倘若給每一位吸煙者提供戒煙的幫助,將是一筆很大的開支,對于目前極為有限的衛(wèi)生經(jīng)費(fèi)而言,可行性很差。 2009年,美國加州大學(xué)醫(yī)學(xué)院提出了有關(guān)“嘗試戒煙”的相關(guān)理論,即：提高“嘗試戒煙率”比提高“戒煙成功率”,更能提升整體的“戒煙率”,戒煙者在沒有使用任何戒煙協(xié)助的情況下,平均戒煙14次可戒煙成功。因此,倘若能夠以人口層面為基礎(chǔ),增加嘗試戒煙的煙民數(shù)目來改善總體戒煙率,比提供幫助予每一位吸煙者去戒煙更為經(jīng)濟(jì)可行,更具有延續(xù)性。 上海從上世紀(jì)90年代開始重視控?zé)煿ぷ?但是針對嘗試戒煙行為的研究不多。本課題旨在為本市控?zé)煿ぷ魈峁┮粋�新的思路,為本市的控?zé)煕Q策者提供理論基礎(chǔ)。 [目的] 了解上海市市區(qū)成年吸煙者嘗試戒煙的情況,并進(jìn)一步探討上海市市區(qū)成年吸煙者嘗試戒煙行為的影響因素。 [方法] 采用多階段隨機(jī)抽樣的方法,在上海市市區(qū)抽取800名成年吸煙者進(jìn)行調(diào)查,采用入戶調(diào)查的方式,對調(diào)查對象進(jìn)行一對一的問卷調(diào)查。 [結(jié)果] 共737名上海市市區(qū)成年吸煙者參與調(diào)查,其中男性720人,女性17人。成年吸煙者的嘗試戒煙率為13.0%(男性為12.5%,女性為31.0%)。單因素分析結(jié)果顯示,與嘗試戒煙行為有關(guān)的因素為：性別、年齡、尼古丁依賴程度、吸煙知識的掌握情況、個人對吸煙的總體看法、聽說過戒煙產(chǎn)品、戒煙打算、認(rèn)為戒煙對健康有收益、家庭室內(nèi)禁煙規(guī)定、過去一年中朋友的戒煙情況(P0.05)。多因素Logistic回歸分析發(fā)現(xiàn),年齡、戒煙打算、家庭室內(nèi)禁煙規(guī)定、過去一年中朋友的戒煙情況是吸煙者嘗試戒煙行為的影響因素,而性別、尼古丁依賴程度、吸煙知識的掌握情況、個人對吸煙的總體看法、認(rèn)為戒煙對健康有收益未進(jìn)入回歸模型。比較容易嘗試戒煙的成年吸煙者的特征為：年紀(jì)較輕,對6個月的戒煙成功“有信心”,打算在30天內(nèi)戒煙、家中室內(nèi)完全禁煙、過去一年中身邊的朋友中有人戒煙。 [結(jié)論] 上海市市區(qū)成年吸煙者的嘗試戒煙率比較低,應(yīng)采取針對性的措施促進(jìn)吸煙者嘗試戒煙�？梢愿鶕�(jù)嘗試戒煙行為影響因素的特征,對吸煙者進(jìn)行有針對性、有目的性的干預(yù)活動,從而促進(jìn)吸煙者的嘗試戒煙行為以提高總體戒煙率。
[Abstract]:BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY

Smoking is one of the most serious public health problems . At present , there are 1.1 billion smokers worldwide . The number of smokers dying every year is about 6 million . The number of non - smokers killed by smoke exposure is about 600,000 . China is the world ' s largest producer of tobacco - producing countries and consumer countries . In 2007 , the number of smokers killed by smoke - related diseases exceeded 1 million . In 2010 , the number of deaths caused by smoking - related diseases exceeded 1 million . In 2010 , the rate of smoking in Shanghai residents was 28.6 % , and the passive smoking rate was 26.5 % .

Smoking is one of the most preventable causes of smoking in the world . Smoking is the most effective way to reduce smoking in the world today . However , smoking is a complex drug abuse . However , smoking is a complex drug abuse behavior . In our country , smoking cessation is only 10.7 % . In the meantime , smoking cessation services are at a very high cost .

In 2009 , the U . S . University of California School of Medicine put forward the relevant theories about " trying to quit smoking " , that is , to improve the " smoking cessation rate " than to improve the " smoking cessation rate " , and to improve the overall " smoking cessation rate " . Therefore , if you can improve the overall smoking cessation rate by increasing the number of smokers who try to quit smoking on the basis of the population level , it is more economical and feasible to increase the number of smokers who try to quit smoking , which is more economical and feasible than the provision of help to every smoker .

Shanghai has attached great importance to the tobacco control work since the 1990s , but there is not much research on trying to quit smoking . The purpose of this project is to provide a new idea for our city ' s tobacco control work , and to provide theoretical basis for the city ' s tobacco control policy makers .

Purpose of the project

To understand the situation of smoking cessation among adult smokers in urban areas of Shanghai , and further study the influence factors of adult smokers ' attempts to quit smoking .

Methodology

Using multi - stage random sampling method , 800 adult smokers were surveyed in the urban area of Shanghai , and a one - to - one questionnaire survey was conducted to investigate the subjects in the way of household survey .

The result is not valid .

A total of 737 adult smokers participated in the survey , of which 720 men and 17 women were male . The rate of smoking cessation was 13.0 % for adult smokers ( 12.5 % for males and 31.0 % for females ) . The results of single factor analysis showed that the factors related to smoking cessation were sex , age , nicotine dependence , smoking knowledge , smoking knowledge , smoking cessation , smoking cessation , smoking cessation , smoking , smoking , smoking , smoking , smoking , smoking , smoking , smoking , smoking , smoking , smoking , smoking , smoking , smoking , smoking , smoking , smoking , smoking , smoking , smoking , smoking , smoking , smoking , smoking , smoking , smoking , smoking , smoking , smoking , smoking , smoking , smoking , smoking , smoking , smoking , smoking , smoking , smoking , smoking , smoking , smoking , smoking , smoking , smoking , smoking , smoking , smoking , smoking , smoking , smoking , smoking , smoking , smoking , smoking , smoking , smoking , smoking , smoking , smoking , smoking , smoking , smoking , smoking , smoking , smoking , smoking , smoking , smoking , smoking , smoking , smoking , smoking , smoking , smoking , smoking , smoking , smoking , smoking , smoking , smoking , smoking , smoking , smoking , smoking , smoking , smoking , smoking , smoking , smoking , smoking , smoking , smoking , smoking , smoking , smoking , smoking , smoking , smoking , smoking , smoking , smoking , smoking , smoking , smoking , smoking , smoking , smoking , smoking , smoking , smoking , smoking , smoking , smoking , smoking , smoking , smoking , smoking , smoking , smoking , smoking , smoking , smoking , smoking , smoking , smoking , smoking , smoking , smoking , smoking , smoking , smoking , smoking , smoking , smoking , smoking , smoking , smoking , smoking , smoking , smoking , smoking , smoking , smoking , smoking , smoking , smoking , smoking , smoking , smoking , smoking , smoking , smoking , smoking , smoking , smoking , smoking , smoking , smoking , smoking , smoking , smoking , smoking , smoking , smoking , smoking , smoking , smoking , smoking , smoking , smoking , smoking , smoking , smoking , smoking , smoking , smoking , smoking , smoking , smoking , smoking , smoking , smoking , smoking , smoking , smoking , smoking , smoking , smoking , smoking , smoking , smoking , smoking , smoking , smoking , smoking , smoking , smoking , smoking , smoking , smoking , smoking , smoking , smoking , smoking , smoking , smoking , smoking , smoking , smoking , smoking , smoking , smoking , smoking , smoking , smoking , smoking , smoking , smoking , smoking , smoking , smoking , smoking , smoking , smoking , smoking , smoking , smoking , smoking , smoking , smoking , smoking , smoking , smoking , smoking , smoking , smoking , smoking , smoking , smoking , smoking , smoking , smoking , smoking , smoking , smoking , smoking , smoking , smoking , smoking , smoking , smoking , smoking , smoking , smoking , smoking , smoking , smoking , smoking , smoking , smoking , smoking , smoking , smoking , smoking , smoking , smoking , smoking , smoking , smoking , smoking , smoking , smoking , smoking , smoking , smoking , smoking , smoking , smoking , smoking , smoking , smoking , smoking , smoking , smoking , smoking , smoking , smoking , smoking , smoking , smoking , smoking

Conclusion

According to the characteristics of the influencing factors of smoking cessation , targeted and targeted interventions can be carried out to smokers , so as to promote the smokers ' attempts to quit smoking to improve the overall smoking cessation rate .

【學(xué)位授予單位】：復(fù)旦大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2012
【分類號】：R163

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本文編號：1720178