本文選題：城鄉(xiāng)　切入點：嬰幼兒　出處：《青島大學》2013年碩士論文

【摘要】：目的：B族維生素對嬰幼兒的生長發(fā)育起到了非常重要的作用,本文通過對比分析城市和農(nóng)村地區(qū)嬰幼兒維生素B1、B2和煙酸的尿液檢測結(jié)果,并調(diào)查分析城鄉(xiāng)地區(qū)嬰幼兒的食物消費情況和膳食營養(yǎng)素攝入狀況,為評價嬰幼兒的合理喂養(yǎng),制定相關(guān)營養(yǎng)干預措施提供依據(jù)。方法：抽取山東省某市0-3歲嬰幼兒117名,農(nóng)村0-3歲嬰幼兒313名,取嬰幼兒晨尿40mml,采用熒光法測定尿液中硫胺素、核黃素和煙酸的含量。通過問卷調(diào)查了解研究對象的一般情況及家庭情況,應(yīng)用食物頻率表收集調(diào)查對象消費的食物情況,使用24小時膳食回顧法收集調(diào)查對象膳食營養(yǎng)素攝入情況。結(jié)果：城市嬰幼兒維生素B1、維生素B2和煙酸偏低和不足的百分比分別為1.9%、8.0%和9.1%,農(nóng)村分別為4.5%、56.7%和27.1%。城鄉(xiāng)嬰幼兒機體維生素B1含量的中位數(shù)分別是495.00ug/g、420.56ug/g,其中12月～和24～月齡組城市高于農(nóng)村(P0.05)。城鄉(xiāng)嬰幼兒機體維生素B2含量的中位數(shù)為303.07ug/g、70.88ug/g,各年齡組嬰幼兒維生素B2城市均高于農(nóng)村(P0.05)。城市及農(nóng)村嬰幼兒機體煙酸含量的中位數(shù)分別為6.31mg/g和4.22mg/g,其中6～月組、12～月組、18月～、24-月組嬰幼兒煙酸含量存在城鄉(xiāng)差異,城市高于農(nóng)村(P0.05)。城鄉(xiāng)嬰幼兒攝入食物種類中均以谷類消費率最高,分別達到了100%和89%。對比分析城鄉(xiāng)各類食物消費情況,除蛋類外,其余各類食物城鄉(xiāng)差異均具有統(tǒng)計學意義,且均為城市高于農(nóng)村(p0.05)。12月～組城市地區(qū)嬰幼兒的每日蛋白質(zhì)攝入量為35.29±18.12g/d,高于農(nóng)村地區(qū)的26.52±14.06g/d(P0.05)。城鄉(xiāng)地區(qū)嬰幼兒硫胺素攝入情況均較好；城市地區(qū)嬰幼兒核黃素和尼克酸攝入情況較好,均達到了推薦攝入量的90%,而農(nóng)村地區(qū)嬰幼兒除6月～組尼克酸的攝入較為充足,其他都沒達到推薦攝入量的80%；城市地區(qū)各組嬰幼兒核黃素、尼克酸的攝入量均顯著高于農(nóng)村地區(qū)(P0.05)。城鄉(xiāng)嬰幼兒的鎂、磷、銅、硒攝入量較好,基本到了推薦攝入量的90%以上,鈣、鋅的攝入較低,均沒達到推薦攝入量的80%。城市地區(qū)12月～和24月～組嬰幼兒鐵的攝入量高于農(nóng)村地區(qū)(P0.05)。結(jié)論：城市和農(nóng)村地區(qū)嬰幼兒維生素B1、B2和煙酸營養(yǎng)狀況差異顯著,且城市均好于農(nóng)村；農(nóng)村地區(qū)維生素B2和煙酸缺乏比例較高。城市地區(qū)嬰幼兒除蛋類外,各類食物消費率均高于農(nóng)村地區(qū)。農(nóng)村地區(qū)嬰幼兒除維生素E、磷、銅、硒攝入較為充足外,其他維生素和礦物質(zhì)攝入量均偏低。建議采取針對性的改善措施,調(diào)整農(nóng)村地區(qū)嬰幼兒的膳食結(jié)構(gòu),以助嬰幼兒的健康成長。
[Abstract]:Objective: vitamin B on infant growth and development plays a very important role in this paper, through the comparative analysis of city and rural areas of infant vitamin B1, urine test results of B2 and niacin, and investigation of food consumption and dietary analysis of infants in urban and rural areas camp nutrition intake status, reasonable evaluation of infant feeding, provide on the basis of formulating relevant nutrition intervention measures. Methods: a total of 0-3 children aged 117 in Shandong Province, 0-3 years old in 313 infants from infant urinary 40mml determination of thiamine in urine by fluorescence method, the content of riboflavin and niacin. To understand the general situation and family study subjects through a questionnaire survey, using food frequency questionnaire collect food consumption survey object, use the 24 hour dietary recall method to collect survey of the dietary intake of infants. Results: the city of Er Weisheng Vitamin B1, vitamin B2 and niacin deficiency and low percentages were 1.9%, 8% and 9.1% in rural areas were 4.5%, 56.7% and 27.1%. and infant body median vitamin B1 content were 495.00ug/g, 420.56ug/g, which in December ~ ~ and 24 month old group is higher than the rural city (P0.05). The median of urban and rural infant vitamin B2 the content of 303.07ug/g, 70.88ug/g, in each age group were higher than that of the rural city of infantile vitamin B2 (P0.05). The median of city and rural infant body nicotinic acid content were 6.31mg/g and 4.22mg/g, the 6 - month group, 12 month group, 18 month, 24- month infants niacin contents have differences between urban and rural areas, the city than in the countryside (P0.05). All kinds of urban and rural infant food intake on cereal consumption rate is highest, respectively 100% and 89%. comparative analysis of various types of urban and rural food consumption, in addition to eggs, all the Food City Township, the differences were statistically significant, and are higher than the rural city (P0.05) daily protein intake to.12 City area group infants was 35.29 + 18.12g/d, 26.52 + 14.06g/d higher than in rural areas (P0.05). Infants in urban and rural areas are in good condition of thiamine intake; infant riboflavin and niacin intake in City area is good, have reached the the recommended intake of 90%, while the rural area in June to infant group niacin intake is sufficient, the other did not reach the recommended intake of 80% City area; each infant riboflavin, niacin intake were significantly higher than those in rural areas. Urban and rural infants (P0.05) magnesium, phosphorus, copper, selenium intake is good, basic to the above 90%, the recommended intake of calcium, zinc intake is low, have not reached the recommended intake of 80%. City area between December and 24 months to infants iron intake Higher than in rural areas (P0.05). Conclusion: the city and rural areas of infant vitamin B1, niacin and B2 significant differences in nutritional status, and the city was better than in rural areas; rural areas lack of vitamin B2 and niacin. A higher proportion of city area in addition to infant eggs, all kinds of food consumption rate were higher than those in rural areas. Rural areas in addition to infant vitamin E, phosphorus, copper, selenium intake is sufficient, other vitamin and mineral intakes were low. Suggestions take appropriate measures, the dietary structure of infants in rural areas to adjust, to help the healthy growth of infants and young children.

【學位授予單位】：青島大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2013
【分類號】：R153.1

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