本文選題：大學(xué)新生　切入點(diǎn)：膳食模式　出處：《安徽醫(yī)科大學(xué)》2012年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：目的描述大學(xué)新生膳食模式的類型，探討其膳食模式與相關(guān)影響因素的關(guān)聯(lián)。 方法采用分層整群隨機(jī)抽樣的方法在安徽省合肥市某高校的大學(xué)新生選取研究對(duì)象。由經(jīng)過(guò)專門培訓(xùn)的調(diào)查員對(duì)大學(xué)生進(jìn)行問(wèn)卷調(diào)查，收集大學(xué)新生的基本信息、健康相關(guān)行為的情況和食物攝入情況，食物攝入情況主要使用食物頻率表進(jìn)行調(diào)查。從2010年9月開始，共1414名大學(xué)新生被納入研究，最終收集有效問(wèn)卷1319份。采用因子分析的方法判斷膳食模式類型，再分析各種相關(guān)因素對(duì)每種飲食模式的影響。 結(jié)果大學(xué)新生的膳食模式共分為4種類型。分別為“西方食物”型、“動(dòng)物性食物”型、“鈣類食物”型、“傳統(tǒng)中國(guó)”型�！拔鞣绞澄铩毙褪且詽h堡包/油炸食品、腌制食品、堅(jiān)果類、零食、可樂、雪碧、咖啡、糖類等食物為主；“動(dòng)物性食物”型是以豬肉、羊肉、牛肉、禽肉、動(dòng)物肝臟、魚蝦類、海帶/海魚/紫菜等海制品、堅(jiān)果類等食物為主；“鈣類食物”型是以新鮮水果、雞蛋、魚蝦類、海帶/海魚/紫菜等海制品、奶及奶制品、豆類及豆制品等食物為主；“傳統(tǒng)中國(guó)”型是以糧谷類、新鮮蔬菜、新鮮水果、豬肉等食物為主。每一種膳食模式均與不同的社會(huì)人口統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)特征、生活方式和運(yùn)動(dòng)有關(guān)。并且4種膳食模式均與社會(huì)人口統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)變量有較強(qiáng)的關(guān)聯(lián)。尤其值得指出的是，，“西方食物”型和“動(dòng)物性食物”型這兩種不健康的膳食模式與居住地點(diǎn)、就餐地點(diǎn)和父母親文化程度呈正相關(guān)，與家庭經(jīng)濟(jì)狀況呈負(fù)相關(guān)；而“鈣類食物”型和“傳統(tǒng)中國(guó)”型膳食模式則與這些人口統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)變量呈負(fù)相關(guān)，與家庭經(jīng)濟(jì)狀況呈正相關(guān)。此外，體力活動(dòng)與大學(xué)新生各種膳食模式之間也存在關(guān)聯(lián)。 結(jié)論大學(xué)新生飲食可分為4種主要類型，不同膳食模式有不同的影響因素。確定大學(xué)新生的膳食模式及其影響因素，為進(jìn)一步指導(dǎo)大學(xué)生進(jìn)行合理的飲食提供了堅(jiān)實(shí)的理論基礎(chǔ)。 目的探討大學(xué)新生的膳食模式與其不良結(jié)局（超重/肥胖、中心性肥胖、血壓高值/高血壓、骨量減少/骨質(zhì)疏松）的關(guān)聯(lián)。 方法以“研究之一”的1319名大學(xué)新生為研究對(duì)象，每個(gè)因素按三分位數(shù)分組。分析高三分位數(shù)組（T3）和低三分位數(shù)組（T1）樣本特征值的差異，連續(xù)變量用單因素方差分析，分類變量用卡方檢驗(yàn)。然后用非條件logistic回歸模型，控制混雜因素（家庭經(jīng)濟(jì)情況、被動(dòng)吸煙、飲酒史、運(yùn)動(dòng)、服用含鈣類營(yíng)養(yǎng)補(bǔ)充劑）分別分析每種膳食模式對(duì)不良結(jié)局（超重/肥胖、中心性肥胖、血壓高值/高血壓、骨量減少/骨質(zhì)疏松）的關(guān)聯(lián)。 結(jié)果控制居住地點(diǎn)、就餐地點(diǎn)、經(jīng)濟(jì)狀況、父母親的BMI值、體力活動(dòng)、被動(dòng)吸煙、飲酒和營(yíng)養(yǎng)補(bǔ)充劑等混雜因素后，高程度“西方食物”型膳食模式可以增加超重/肥胖和中心性肥胖的危險(xiǎn)性(OR=2.00,95%CI:1.24~3.22; OR=1.72,95%CI:1.39~3.76)，高程度“動(dòng)物性食物”型膳食模式可以增加血壓高值/高血壓的危險(xiǎn)性(OR=1.41,95%CI:1.06~2.08)，高程度“鈣類食物”型膳食模式可以降低骨量減少/骨質(zhì)疏松危險(xiǎn)性(OR=0.59,95%CI:0.41~0.87)，高程度“傳統(tǒng)中國(guó)”型膳食模式可以降低超重/肥胖、中心性肥胖和骨量減少/骨質(zhì)疏松危險(xiǎn)性(OR=0.65,95%CI:0.53~0.80; OR=0.58,95%CI:0.41~0.84; OR=0.78,95%CI:0.55~0.91). 結(jié)論大學(xué)新生的4種膳食模式與其4種不良結(jié)局關(guān)系密切。確定大學(xué)新生的膳食模式與其不良結(jié)局間的關(guān)系，為進(jìn)一步指導(dǎo)大學(xué)生進(jìn)行合理的飲食提供了堅(jiān)實(shí)的理論基礎(chǔ)。
[Abstract]:Objective to describe the type of dietary pattern of freshmen and to explore the relationship between the dietary patterns and the related factors.
The freshmen method by using stratified random sampling method in a university in Anhui Province, Hefei city were selected. For students to carry out the questionnaire by trained investigators, and collect basic information for university students, health related behaviors and food intake, food intake using food frequency questionnaire survey from. The beginning of September 2010, a total of 1414 freshmen were included in the study, collected 1319 valid questionnaires. Factor analysis method is adopted to determine the dietary patterns, and analysis of various relevant factors for each kind of eating patterns.
4 types of the freshmen's dietary pattern is divided into: "Western food", "animal food", "calcium food", "traditional Chinese". "Western food" is a hamburger / fried foods, preserved foods, nuts, snacks, cola, Sprite coffee, sugar, and other food; "animal food" with pork, mutton, beef, poultry meat, animal liver, fish and shrimp / fish / kelp, seaweed and other marine products, nuts and other foods; "calcium food" is a fresh fruit, egg, fish, shrimp, seaweed / fish / seaweed and other marine products, milk and dairy products, beans and soy products such as food; "traditional China" type is the grain, fresh vegetables, fresh fruit, pork and other food. With the social demographic characteristics of every kind of a different pattern of diet, lifestyle and sports related and 4. All dietary pattern has a strong association with sociodemographic variables. In particular, the "Western food" and "animal food" this two kinds of unhealthy dietary patterns and place of residence, dining places and parents' education level was positively correlated with family economic status was negatively correlated; and calcium types of food "and" traditional Chinese "type of dietary patterns and these demographic variables were negatively correlated, and was positively correlated with the economic situation of the family. In addition, there is also the association between physical activity and dietary patterns of college freshmen.
Conclusion the diet of freshmen can be divided into 4 main types. Different dietary patterns have different influencing factors. Determining the dietary pattern of freshmen and its influencing factors provide a solid theoretical foundation for further guidance of College Students' reasonable diet.
Objective to explore the association between the dietary patterns of freshmen and their adverse outcomes (overweight / obesity, central obesity, high blood pressure / hypertension, osteopenia / osteoporosis).
The method of "1319 freshmen of" as the research object, each factor according to the three percentile group. Third bit array analysis (T3) and low three bit array (T1) differences between the eigenvalues of the sample, one way ANOVA for continuous variables and categorical variables using chi square test. And then the non the conditional logistic regression model, controlling for confounding factors (family economic situation, passive smoking, drinking, exercise, taking calcium containing nutritional supplements) were analyzed for each dietary pattern of adverse outcomes (overweight / obesity, central obesity, high blood pressure / high blood pressure, osteopenia / osteoporosis) association.
The control of the place of residence, dining places, economic status, parental BMI, physical activity, smoking, drinking and nutritional supplements and other confounding factors, the high degree of "Western food" dietary pattern can increase the risk of obesity and overweight / obesity Center (OR =2.00,95%CI:1.24~3.22; OR=1.72,95%CI:1.39~3.76), a high degree of "animal food" dietary pattern can increase the risk of hypertension / high blood pressure value of (OR=1.41,95%CI:1.06~2.08), the high degree of "calcium foods" type of dietary patterns can reduce osteopenia / osteoporosis risk (OR=0.59,95%CI:0.41~0.87), a high degree of "traditional China" dietary pattern can reduce overweight / obesity, central obesity and reduce / bone osteoporosis risk (OR=0.65,95%CI:0.53~0.80; OR=0.58,95%CI:0.41~0.84; OR=0.78,95%CI:0.55~0.91).
Conclusion the 4 dietary patterns of freshmen are closely related to 4 kinds of adverse outcomes. To determine the relationship between the dietary patterns of college freshmen and their adverse outcomes, it provides a solid theoretical basis for further instructing college students to have a reasonable diet.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：安徽醫(yī)科大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2012
【分類號(hào)】：R151

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