本文選題：鈾酰離子　切入點：共振光散射　出處：《南華大學》2012年碩士論文　論文類型：學位論文

【摘要】：鈾是一種具有放射性的重金屬，通過放射毒性與化學毒性對機體造成嚴重的危害，引起腎、腦等器官損傷，并造成消化、免疫、造血和生殖系統(tǒng)紊亂。目前存在的大多數(shù)鈾檢測方法操作繁瑣、樣本需預處理，所需儀器設備昂貴，因此，建立方便、靈敏、選擇性高的鈾檢測新方法，對于環(huán)境中鈾污染的預警、安全評價、環(huán)境治理及減少人群暴露等有著重要的現(xiàn)實意義。 本文第二章建立了基于未標記DNA酶-金納米粒子系統(tǒng)的共振光散射法檢測鈾酰離子的新方法。研究表明：在pH4.5的10mmol·L~(-1)MES緩沖溶液中，鈾特異性DNA酶在鈾作為輔助因子的條件下發(fā)生自身斷鏈反應，釋放出ssDNA，ssDNA呈自由卷曲狀態(tài)，暴露自身堿基，通過范德華力吸附在金納米粒子上，阻止金納米粒子在高濃度鹽下聚集，使體系的共振光散射強度降低，在2.08×10~(-9)~2.00×10~(-8)mol·L~(-1)范圍內(nèi)，散射光強度的改變值與鈾酰離子濃度呈良好線性關(guān)系，回歸方程為ΔI=59.45+14761c (μmol·L~(-1))，r=0.9852，檢出限為6.23×10-10mol·L~(-1)。該方法簡便、快速、選擇性好、靈敏度高。 本文第三章建立了基于標記DNA酶-金納米粒子系統(tǒng)的共振光散射法檢測鈾酰離子的新方法。研究表明：延長的鈾特異性DNA酶通過金硫鍵組裝在金納米粒子上，形成金納米粒子復合物，在pH4.5的10mmol·L~(-1)MES緩沖溶液中，鈾的濃度為1.36×10~(-8)~1.50×10~(-7)mol·L~(-1)時，，復合物在高濃度鹽作用下聚集，使體系的共振光散射強度增強，回歸方程為ΔI=48.83+516.24c (μmol·L~(-1))，r=0.9907，檢出限為4.09×10~(-9)mol·L~(-1)。該方法選擇性高、重復性好、靈敏度高。 本文第四章對鈾特異性DNA酶進行改善，形成一種新的適體，在適體的基礎(chǔ)上建立未修飾金納米粒子的共振光散射法檢測鈾酰離子新方法。研究表明：DNA酶鏈中腺嘌呤核糖核苷酸轉(zhuǎn)變成腺嘌呤脫氧核糖核苷酸仍能特異性識別UO_2~(2+)。鈾濃度為2.3×10~(-8)~4.5×10~(-7)mol·L~(-1)時，共振光散射強度與鈾酰離子濃度呈良好線性關(guān)系，回歸方程為ΔI_(RLS)=70.88+4.100c (×10~(-8)mol·L~(-1))，r=0.9889，檢出限為6.70×10~(-9)mol·L~(-1)。該方法簡便、快速。
[Abstract]:Uranium is a kind of radioactive heavy metal, which causes serious damage to the body through radiotoxicity and chemical toxicity, causing damage to organs such as kidney and brain, and causing digestion and immunity. Disorders of hematopoietic and reproductive systems. Most of the existing uranium detection methods are cumbersome to operate, samples need to be pretreated, and the instruments and equipment required are expensive. Therefore, a new method for the detection of uranium, which is convenient, sensitive and selective, is established. It has important practical significance for early warning, safety assessment, environmental control and reduction of human exposure to uranium pollution in the environment. In chapter 2, a new resonance light scattering method based on unlabeled DNA enzyme gold nanoparticles system for the detection of uranyl ions has been developed. The uranium-specific DNA enzyme reacts with its own chain breaking reaction under the condition of uranium as an auxiliary factor, releasing ssDNA and ssDNA in a free curl state, exposing its own bases, and adsorbing on gold nanoparticles by van der Waals force. In order to prevent gold nanoparticles from aggregating under high concentration of salt, the intensity of resonance light scattering (RLS) of the system decreases. In the range of 2.08 脳 10 ~ (-1) ~ (-9) 脳 10 ~ (10) ~ (-8) mol 路L ~ (-1), there is a good linear relationship between the intensity of scattering light and the concentration of uranyl ion in the range of 2.00 脳 10 ~ (-8) mol 路L ~ (-1). The regression equation was 螖 I _ (鈪

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