發(fā)布時(shí)間：2018-02-12 12:45

  本文關(guān)鍵詞： 高速空調(diào)列車 粉塵濃度分布 數(shù)值模擬 計(jì)算流體力學(xué)　出處：《西南交通大學(xué)》2012年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：高速列車為人們出行帶來便利,顯著地縮短了人們的出行時(shí)間。由于生活水平的不斷改善,人們對(duì)健康與舒適的訴求使得對(duì)空氣質(zhì)量的要求越來越高,高速空調(diào)車內(nèi)的空氣質(zhì)量同樣如此。因此,無論是列車的設(shè)計(jì)人員還是乘客都越來越關(guān)注車內(nèi)空氣流場(chǎng)的質(zhì)量。粉塵的危害在近年來倍受關(guān)注,大氣環(huán)境的粉塵狀況令人堪憂,對(duì)于相對(duì)密閉的高速空調(diào)列車,粉塵隨新風(fēng)入口的進(jìn)入會(huì)給客室內(nèi)空氣質(zhì)量帶來影響,所以深入分析研究列車在高速運(yùn)行狀態(tài)下車內(nèi)流場(chǎng)的粉塵分布是相當(dāng)必要的。 本文采用流體力學(xué)中應(yīng)用最廣泛的數(shù)值計(jì)算方法有限體積法,基于三維、可壓縮、粘性流體的N-S流體流動(dòng)控制方程,k-ω兩方程湍流模型以及拉格朗日法離散相模型(DPM),對(duì)高速空調(diào)客車車內(nèi)粉塵的分布情況進(jìn)行分析。首先,研究了列車以350km/h的速度運(yùn)行時(shí)粉塵在車內(nèi)流場(chǎng)的分布狀況以及流場(chǎng)內(nèi)粉塵分布的影響因素；其次,對(duì)不同車外空氣環(huán)境下客室內(nèi)粉塵的濃度進(jìn)行研究,并加入濾網(wǎng)對(duì)其進(jìn)行過濾,對(duì)比室內(nèi)空氣質(zhì)量標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的粉塵濃度參數(shù)給出各外界環(huán)境下列車濾網(wǎng)參數(shù)的推薦值；最后,對(duì)不同標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的粉塵濃度要求做了對(duì)比,探討列車車內(nèi)粉塵控制的方法。 計(jì)算結(jié)果表明：車內(nèi)粉塵分布受車內(nèi)流場(chǎng)的紊流強(qiáng)度影響,紊流擴(kuò)散效應(yīng)使粉塵分布更加均勻。粉塵在送風(fēng)口較多的乘客區(qū)分布較均勻,而在座椅下、車廂邊角處等區(qū)域產(chǎn)生堆積。粉塵平均濃度隨時(shí)間不斷增大,900s后逐漸趨于平緩,加裝濾網(wǎng)后使?jié)舛蕊@著下降,列車在350km/h的速度下運(yùn)行時(shí),外界環(huán)境空氣質(zhì)量為一、二級(jí)時(shí)車內(nèi)空氣的可吸入顆粒物含量達(dá)到室內(nèi)空氣質(zhì)量標(biāo)準(zhǔn),而外界環(huán)境空氣質(zhì)量為三級(jí)時(shí)車內(nèi)可吸入顆粒物含量超標(biāo)。選取篩分粒徑處于粉塵顆粒群分布的質(zhì)量中位徑附近的濾網(wǎng)過濾效率高。為達(dá)到室內(nèi)空氣質(zhì)量標(biāo)準(zhǔn)規(guī)定的粉塵濃度值,外界環(huán)境空氣質(zhì)量一、二級(jí)時(shí)應(yīng)選取目數(shù)為1250的濾網(wǎng)進(jìn)行過濾,三級(jí)時(shí)應(yīng)選取目數(shù)為2500的濾網(wǎng)進(jìn)行過濾,濾網(wǎng)參數(shù)的選取應(yīng)使達(dá)到過濾效果的前提下盡可能的減小濾網(wǎng)壓降對(duì)車內(nèi)流場(chǎng)的影響。為達(dá)到高速空調(diào)列車的乘車舒適性以及乘客的健康需求,可通過對(duì)粉塵進(jìn)行多種過濾方式過濾以及對(duì)送風(fēng)方式進(jìn)行改進(jìn),以到達(dá)對(duì)客室內(nèi)粉塵的控制。
[Abstract]:High-speed trains bring convenience to travel and significantly shorten travel time. Because of the continuous improvement of living standards, people's demands for health and comfort make the demand for air quality higher and higher. The same is true of air quality in high-speed air-conditioned vehicles. Therefore, both train designers and passengers are paying more and more attention to the quality of the air flow field inside the vehicle. Dust hazards have attracted much attention in recent years, and the dust situation in the atmospheric environment is worrying. For a relatively closed high-speed air-conditioned train, dust with the entrance of fresh air will have an impact on the air quality in the passenger room, so it is necessary to analyze and study the dust distribution in the flow field of the train getting off at high speed. In this paper, the finite volume method, which is the most widely used numerical method in fluid mechanics, is based on three-dimensional, compressible, The turbulent model of the N-S fluid flow control equation of viscous fluid and the Lagrange discrete phase model are used to analyze the distribution of dust in high-speed air-conditioned passenger car. The distribution of dust in the flow field and the influencing factors of the dust distribution in the flow field are studied when the train is running at 350 km / h. Secondly, the concentration of dust in the passenger room under different air conditions outside the vehicle is studied. The filter screen is added to filter it, and the recommended values of train filter screen parameters are given by comparing the dust concentration parameters of indoor air quality standards. Finally, the requirements of different standards for dust concentration are compared. The method of dust control in train is discussed. The results show that the dust distribution in the vehicle is affected by the turbulence intensity of the flow field inside the vehicle. The turbulent diffusion effect makes the dust distribution more uniform, and the dust distribution is more uniform in the passenger area with more air outlets, but under the seat. At the corner of the car, and other areas, the dust concentration gradually leveled off with the increase of time, and the concentration decreased significantly after installing the filter. When the train was running at a speed of 350 km / h, the ambient air quality of the outside environment was one. At the second stage, the content of inhalable particulate matter in the air in the vehicle reaches the indoor air quality standard. However, when the ambient air quality is third grade, the content of inhalable particles in the vehicle exceeds the standard. The filter screen with sieve particle size near the median diameter of dust particle group distribution has high filtration efficiency. In order to meet the indoor air quality standard, the filter screen has high filtration efficiency. Determined dust concentration, The air quality in the outside environment should be filtered by the filter screen with 1250 mesh number at the second stage, and the filter screen with 2500 mesh number should be selected for filtering at the third level. The selection of filter screen parameters should minimize the influence of filter pressure drop on the flow field of vehicle on the premise of filter effect. In order to achieve the ride comfort of high-speed air-conditioned train and the health needs of passengers, In order to control the dust in the guest room, we can filter the dust by many kinds of filter and improve the way of air supply.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：西南交通大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2012
【分類號(hào)】：R128

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