本文關(guān)鍵詞： KDF 活性炭 重金屬 食用水 吸附容量 銅鋅析出　出處：《湖南農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)》2013年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：重金屬常通過(guò)水體污染進(jìn)入食物鏈,威脅著人們的飲水安全。一般食品工業(yè)用水量很大,因此一種高效、安全、可靠的凈水系統(tǒng)亟需研究。本文在不同初始濃度、濾層高度、濾速等條件下研究活性炭與KDF聯(lián)用凈水系統(tǒng)對(duì)模擬水樣中Cr6+、As3+、Cd2+的處理效果,篩選出既能夠滿足《生活飲用水衛(wèi)生標(biāo)準(zhǔn)》,又能保證一定處理效率的最優(yōu)凈水條件。并以Cr6+為例,研究了系統(tǒng)在優(yōu)化條件下凈水的飽和吸附量及穩(wěn)定性,通過(guò)試驗(yàn)分析該系統(tǒng)應(yīng)用于輕度污染水體的處理效果,為活性炭與KDF聯(lián)用凈水系統(tǒng)在食品工業(yè)中的應(yīng)用提供了理論依據(jù)和應(yīng)用基礎(chǔ)。主要結(jié)論如下： 以GB5749-2006《生活飲用水衛(wèi)生標(biāo)準(zhǔn)》中的限值為參考,試驗(yàn)條件下,活性炭對(duì)含As3+、Cd2+的模擬水樣凈化處理后,去除率低于50%,出水水質(zhì)均存在超標(biāo)的情況。當(dāng)濾層高度110mm,初始濃度0.125mg/L,濾速25L/h-135L/h時(shí),活性炭對(duì)Cr6+的去除效果較好,去除率在64.8%-84.8%,出水水質(zhì)達(dá)標(biāo)。而在初始濃度為0.25mg/L,濾層高度110mm時(shí),只有濾速25L/h時(shí),Cr6+的去除率達(dá)到82.8%,出水Cr6+濃度在限值范圍內(nèi)。其他條件下,去除率大多在70%以下,出水Cr6+濃度超標(biāo)。因此,單獨(dú)應(yīng)用活性炭對(duì)水中Cr6+、As3+、Cd2+進(jìn)行處理是遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)不能滿足食用安全要求的,存在較大的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。 嘗試構(gòu)建活性炭與KDF聯(lián)用的凈水系統(tǒng),使其既達(dá)到處理效率高、運(yùn)行成本低的目的,又絕對(duì)保證食用水安全,確定了未處理水的污染程度。在凈水裝置濾層高度110mm、濾速135L/h,進(jìn)水Cr6+初始濃度0.25mg/L、Cd2+的初始濃度0.025mg/L時(shí),系統(tǒng)對(duì)Cr6+和Cd2+的去除率分別為93.2%、82.0%；As3+的初始濃度0.025mg/L、裝置濾層高度170mm和濾速135L/h時(shí),去除率可達(dá)96.0%。 固定凈水裝置濾層高度為110mm,濾速135L/h,初始Cr6+濃度0.25mg/L條件下,活性炭與KDF聯(lián)用凈水系統(tǒng)在保證出水Cr6+濃度不超出《生活飲用水衛(wèi)生標(biāo)準(zhǔn)》的前提下,共處理模擬水樣2160L。按系統(tǒng)濾柱的單位濾層高度計(jì)算,可知飽和吸附量為4.87g/m。如食品廠或家庭每天使用該系統(tǒng)凈化10L水樣,可安全使用200天以上。在水質(zhì)情況良好的情況下,再結(jié)合反沖洗,使用壽命將會(huì)遠(yuǎn)大于200天。 活性炭與KDF聯(lián)用凈水系統(tǒng)組成成分Cu2+、Zn2+的溶出是隨著出水中Cr6+的濃度逐漸增大而逐漸減小,成反對(duì)應(yīng)關(guān)系,兩個(gè)濃度均在《生活飲用水衛(wèi)生標(biāo)準(zhǔn)》所規(guī)定的1mg/L標(biāo)準(zhǔn)內(nèi),銅析出量遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)小于鋅析出量。固定濾層為110mm,濾速為135L/h,初始Cr6+濃度為0.25mg/L時(shí),pH越高,銅、鋅析出量越大,溫度越高,銅鋅析出量越大,適量的銅、鋅是對(duì)人體健康有益的元素。 優(yōu)化條件下的活性炭與KDF聯(lián)用凈水系統(tǒng)應(yīng)用于處理受重金屬輕度污染地下水和地表水中,去除效果良好,經(jīng)處理后的水樣水質(zhì)各項(xiàng)指標(biāo)均能夠達(dá)到《生活飲用水衛(wèi)生標(biāo)準(zhǔn)》。
[Abstract]:Heavy metals often enter the food chain through water pollution, threatening the safety of drinking water. General food industry uses a large amount of water, so it is efficient and safe. Under the conditions of different initial concentration, height of filter layer and filtration rate, this paper studies the application of activated carbon and KDF in the treatment of Cr6 as _ 3 in simulated water samples. The treatment effect of Cd2, which can not only meet the sanitary standard of drinking water, but also guarantee the treatment efficiency, is the best condition of clean water. The Cr6 is taken as an example. The saturated adsorption capacity and stability of purified water under optimized conditions were studied and the treatment effect of the system applied to light polluted water was analyzed through experiments. The main conclusions are as follows: (1) this paper provides the theoretical basis and application basis for the application of the combined use of activated carbon and KDF in the food industry. With the reference of the limit of GB5749-2006, the activated carbon purifies the simulated water sample containing As3 and CD 2. When the filter height is 110 mm, the initial concentration is 0.125 mg / L, and the filtration rate is 25 L / h-135L / h. The removal efficiency of activated carbon to Cr6 is better, the removal rate is 64.8-84.8, the effluent quality is up to standard, and when the initial concentration is 0.25 mg / L, the filter height is 110mm. The removal rate of Cr 6 reached 82.8 at the filter rate of 25L / h, and the Cr6 concentration in the effluent was within the limit. Under other conditions, the removal rate was mostly below 70%. The concentration of Cr6 in effluent exceeds the standard. Therefore, the treatment of Cr6 As3 + CD2 in water by using activated carbon alone is far from meeting the requirements of edible safety, and there is a great risk. This paper attempts to construct a water purification system which is combined with activated carbon and KDF to achieve the purpose of high treatment efficiency and low operation cost, and to ensure the safety of edible water. The contamination degree of untreated water was determined. At the filter height of 110mm, filtration rate of 135L / h, the initial concentration of influent Cr6 was 0.25 mg / L. When the initial concentration of Cd2 was 0.025 mg / L, the removal rates of Cr6 and Cd2 were 93.2 mg / L and 82.0, respectively. When the initial concentration of As3 is 0.025 mg / L, the filter height is 170 mm and the filter speed is 135 L / h, the removal rate can reach 96.0%. The filter height of the fixed water purification unit is 110 mm, the filtration rate is 135 L / h, and the initial Cr6 concentration is 0.25 mg / L. The combined use of activated carbon and KDF ensures that the effluent Cr6 concentration does not exceed the sanitary standard of drinking water. According to the unit filter height of the filter column, the saturated adsorption capacity is 4.87 g / m. For example, the food factory or family uses the system to purify 10L water sample every day. Safe use more than 200 days. In the case of good water quality, combined with backwashing, the service life will be much longer than 200 days. The dissolution of Cu2 ~ (2 +) Zn _ (2), a component of water purification system combined with activated carbon and KDF, decreases with the increase of Cr6 concentration in the effluent, which is inversely related. Both concentrations were within the 1mg / L standard of drinking water hygiene standard, and the amount of copper released was much smaller than that of zinc. The fixed filter layer was 110 mm and the filtration rate was 135 L / h. When the initial concentration of Cr6 is 0.25 mg / L, the higher the pH, the higher the amount of copper and zinc, the higher the temperature, the higher the amount of copper and zinc. The proper amount of copper and zinc is beneficial to human health. Under the optimized conditions, the activated carbon combined with KDF water purification system was applied to treat groundwater and surface water polluted by heavy metals, and the removal effect was good. After treatment, all the indexes of water quality can reach the hygienic standard of drinking water.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：湖南農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2013
【分類號(hào)】：R123

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