本文關(guān)鍵詞： 焊接作業(yè)勞動(dòng)者 職業(yè)衛(wèi)生 權(quán)利保護(hù)　出處：《吉林大學(xué)》2014年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：【目的】近年來(lái)中國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)穩(wěn)步增長(zhǎng)，在國(guó)有企業(yè)以及民營(yíng)企業(yè)繁榮發(fā)展的同時(shí)，大批外資企業(yè)也進(jìn)駐了中國(guó)市場(chǎng)，隨之而來(lái)的則是各個(gè)企業(yè)的生產(chǎn)工廠。由于行業(yè)的特殊性以及生產(chǎn)工藝、生產(chǎn)流程的不同，部分行業(yè)在生產(chǎn)時(shí)會(huì)對(duì)勞動(dòng)者的身體健康產(chǎn)生影響甚至危害，其中較為嚴(yán)重的危害則是作業(yè)過(guò)程中所產(chǎn)生的職業(yè)病危害。中國(guó)是受職業(yè)病危害較為嚴(yán)重的國(guó)家之一，，雖然有相關(guān)法律法規(guī)對(duì)職業(yè)病防治做出規(guī)定，但在政府監(jiān)管、企業(yè)自律以及勞動(dòng)者自身維權(quán)等方面仍存在一些問(wèn)題，函待解決。 汽車制造業(yè)作為吉林省支柱產(chǎn)業(yè)已形成規(guī)�；漠a(chǎn)業(yè)鏈，并帶動(dòng)其他相應(yīng)行業(yè)蓬勃發(fā)展，其在省內(nèi)的重要性不言而喻。本文旨在對(duì)長(zhǎng)春市汽車制造業(yè)焊接作業(yè)所產(chǎn)生的職業(yè)病危害進(jìn)行調(diào)查，掌握政府對(duì)職業(yè)病監(jiān)管情況、汽車制造企業(yè)對(duì)于《中華人民共和國(guó)職業(yè)病防治法》以及相關(guān)法律法規(guī)執(zhí)行情況、企業(yè)在職業(yè)病防治以及保護(hù)勞動(dòng)者身體健康情況、勞動(dòng)者受職業(yè)病危害情況以及其知情權(quán)、職業(yè)健康權(quán)、損害賠償權(quán)、拒絕危險(xiǎn)作業(yè)權(quán)等權(quán)利保護(hù)情況。并根據(jù)調(diào)查結(jié)果做相應(yīng)分析，最終找出保護(hù)勞動(dòng)者職業(yè)衛(wèi)生安全的有效途徑。 【方法】本研究采用了文獻(xiàn)分析法、訪談法、案例分析法以及問(wèn)卷調(diào)查法。采用隨機(jī)抽樣以及整群抽樣的方法，選取長(zhǎng)春市3個(gè)行政區(qū)汽車制造企業(yè)中焊接作業(yè)勞動(dòng)者進(jìn)行問(wèn)卷調(diào)查。數(shù)據(jù)錄入后，采用Spss13.0進(jìn)行統(tǒng)計(jì)分析，同時(shí)對(duì)調(diào)查對(duì)象、職業(yè)病監(jiān)管部門以及職業(yè)病防治部門的相關(guān)專家進(jìn)行訪談，并對(duì)相應(yīng)職業(yè)病危害案例以及文獻(xiàn)進(jìn)行認(rèn)真分析。 【結(jié)果】經(jīng)調(diào)查和訪談得到結(jié)果如下：知情權(quán)方面，由于從事汽車焊接作業(yè)的勞動(dòng)者學(xué)歷較低者所占比例較大且對(duì)職業(yè)病了解情況明顯低于學(xué)歷較高者，其進(jìn)入企業(yè)時(shí)年齡小、知識(shí)面窄等原因?qū)е聦?duì)職業(yè)病相關(guān)知識(shí)了解較少且企業(yè)宣傳情況也較差。職業(yè)安全衛(wèi)生權(quán)方面，企業(yè)為勞動(dòng)者提供防護(hù)器具情況有待提高且組織勞動(dòng)者定期進(jìn)行職業(yè)健康體檢情況較差。由于企業(yè)性質(zhì)的不同，私有企業(yè)明顯差于國(guó)有企業(yè)以及合資企業(yè)。損害賠償權(quán)方面，由于勞動(dòng)者對(duì)我國(guó)職業(yè)病防治法以及相關(guān)法律知曉率低且處于弱勢(shì)地位，不懂得運(yùn)用法律主張自己的合法權(quán)益，導(dǎo)致勞動(dòng)者行使損害賠償權(quán)的情況較少。拒絕危險(xiǎn)作業(yè)權(quán)方面，我國(guó)《職業(yè)病防治法》明確規(guī)定，當(dāng)企業(yè)沒(méi)有履行告知等義務(wù)時(shí)，勞動(dòng)者有權(quán)拒絕作業(yè)且企業(yè)作為義務(wù)人應(yīng)無(wú)條件接受。但實(shí)際情況中勞動(dòng)者作為個(gè)體受企到業(yè)制約，絕大多數(shù)人選擇放棄行使拒絕危險(xiǎn)作業(yè)的權(quán)利。 【結(jié)論】通過(guò)分析可以看出，在勞動(dòng)者知情權(quán)保護(hù)方面情況整體較好，多數(shù)企業(yè)能在勞動(dòng)者上崗前告知其作業(yè)過(guò)程中可能產(chǎn)生的職業(yè)病危害因素，但在勞動(dòng)者崗中的職業(yè)健康培訓(xùn)工作有待加強(qiáng)，部分企業(yè)從未組織培訓(xùn)工作。由于電焊工塵肺發(fā)病期長(zhǎng)且電焊作業(yè)勞動(dòng)者流動(dòng)性較大，行業(yè)整體職業(yè)病發(fā)病情況較少，所以在勞動(dòng)者損害賠償權(quán)方面整體情況較好。但在勞動(dòng)者職業(yè)安全衛(wèi)生權(quán)以及損害賠償權(quán)方面應(yīng)得到進(jìn)一步保護(hù)。
[Abstract]:In recent years , China ' s economy has steadily increased , while a large number of foreign - funded enterprises have been in the Chinese market while the state - owned enterprises and private enterprises have been booming . As a pillar industry in Jilin Province , the automobile manufacturing industry has formed a large - scale industrial chain , and it drives other industries to flourish . The article aims at investigating the occupational hazards caused by the welding operation of Changchun Automobile Manufacturing Industry . The article aims at protecting workers ' health conditions , protecting workers ' occupational diseases and protecting workers ' health , workers ' right to compensation for damages , refusal of the right to dangerous operation and so on . According to the results of the investigation , the effective ways to protect the occupational health and safety of workers are finally found . The methods of literature analysis , interview , case analysis and questionnaire were used in this study . Using random sampling and cluster sampling method , the author selected welding workers in 3 districts of Changchun to carry out questionnaire survey . After data entry , Spss13.0 was used for statistical analysis , and the investigation object , occupational disease supervision department and relevant experts of occupational disease prevention and control department were interviewed , and the case of occupational disease hazard and literature were analyzed carefully . The result of investigation and interview is as follows : In the aspect of right to know , because of the lower educational background of workers engaged in automobile welding operation , and the knowledge of occupational diseases is obviously lower than those of those with higher education background , in the aspect of occupational safety and health , the workers have the right to refuse the operation and the enterprises should accept them unconditionally because of their low knowledge of occupational diseases . Conclusion Through the analysis , it can be seen that in the protection of workers ' right to know the right to know , most enterprises can inform the workers about the occupational disease risk factors which may arise during their operation . However , the occupational health and training work in the workers is still to be strengthened . Some enterprises have never organized training . Because of the long duration of the electric welder ' s dust and the large fluidity of the workers in the electric welding operation , the overall situation of the occupational diseases in the industry is better . However , further protection should be made in the right to occupational safety and health of the workers and the right to damages .

【學(xué)位授予單位】：吉林大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號(hào)】：R135

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