本文關(guān)鍵詞：景洪市登革熱媒介伊蚊對常用殺蟲劑的抗藥性及機制初步研究　出處：《中國疾病預(yù)防控制中心》2017年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

  更多相關(guān)文章： 登革熱 埃及伊蚊 白紋伊蚊 殺蟲劑抗藥性 代謝抗性 擊倒抗性

【摘要】：云南省西雙版納傣族自治州景洪市位于我國最南端的中緬邊境,有埃及伊蚊和白紋伊蚊分布。近年來,由于境外病例輸入壓力增加和當?shù)孛浇橐廖么罅挎苌?景洪市已成為我國登革熱疫情最為嚴重的地區(qū)之一。2013年,景洪市首次發(fā)生大規(guī)模本地登革熱疫情,導(dǎo)致1269例病例發(fā)生;2015年再次暴發(fā),報告病例1054例。在登革熱疫情防控中,大量使用擬除蟲菊酯類殺蟲劑進行超低容量噴霧(ULV)和滯留噴灑來迅速殺滅成蚊,但效果不理想。為指導(dǎo)當?shù)睾侠碛行У厥褂脷⑾x劑控制媒介伊蚊,在2015年疫情期間,采集了該地區(qū)埃及伊蚊和白紋伊蚊,了解當?shù)孛浇橐廖玫姆植继卣骷版苌攸c;通過生物學(xué)測定的方法全面了解其對幾種常用擬除蟲菊酯類、有機磷類和氨基甲酸酯類及生物理念殺蟲劑的抗藥性,并在酶學(xué)和分子生物學(xué)水平探索其主要抗性機制,為當?shù)氐歉餆嵋咔榉揽靥峁┮罁?jù)�，F(xiàn)將結(jié)果總結(jié)如下:1.埃及伊蚊是景洪市城區(qū)的優(yōu)勢伊蚊種,是近年來景洪市登革熱疫情的重要傳播媒介,主要孳生于住戶室內(nèi)外的花瓶、水桶、水缸、泡菜壇、輪胎、飲水機水槽及其他閑置積水容器;白紋伊蚊數(shù)量相對較少,多在城市周邊地區(qū)孳生;2.景洪市登革熱媒介伊蚊對擬除蟲菊酯類殺蟲劑產(chǎn)生了高度抗性,但對有機磷類和氨基甲酸酷類殺蟲劑及生物理念殺蟲劑相對敏感或抗性水平低。對所測擬除蟲菊酯類殺蟲劑,白紋伊蚊和埃及伊蚊幼蟲的抗性水平分別為參考品系的41.6-1559.7倍和12.2-865.5倍,成蚊的抗性水平為參考品系的5.0-45.2倍和36.4-336.0倍;對所測有機磷、氨基甲酸酯類及生物理念殺蟲劑,景洪市白紋伊蚊和埃及伊蚊幼蟲的抗性水平分別為參考品系的0.8～20.4和0.5～5.3倍,成蚊在診斷劑量下的死亡率分別在(84.44～97.96)%和(51.85～100.00)%之間。3.酶活性測定結(jié)果顯示,景洪市埃及伊蚊幼蟲和成蚊的MFO和GST酶活性均顯著提高,幼蟲這兩種酶活性分別參考品系的89.57和2.56倍,成蚊分別為1.12和1.70倍;景洪市白紋伊蚊幼蟲GST酶活性升高,為參考品系的1.34倍,而成蟲的MFO酶活力升高,為參考品系的12.11倍。增效醚(PBO)與溴氰菊酯復(fù)配對景洪市埃及伊蚊成蚊和幼蟲的增效作用不明顯,但對白紋伊蚊成蚊和幼蟲的增效作用明顯,且隨著PBO劑量的增加,增效作用也增強,提示細胞色素P450s與景洪市白紋伊蚊對擬除蟲菊酯類殺蟲劑的抗性形成有關(guān)。4.擊倒抗性基因檢測發(fā)現(xiàn),景洪市埃及伊蚊種群電壓門控鈉離子通道(VGSC)存在V1016G及F1534C兩種突變類型,等位基因頻率分別為100%和30.4%;白紋伊蚊種群存在I1532T和F1534S/L突變,等位基因頻率分別為23.2%和29.6%。景洪市登革熱媒介埃及伊蚊和白紋伊蚊種群已對擬除蟲菊酯類殺蟲劑產(chǎn)生了嚴重的抗性,不同作用機制的殺蟲劑應(yīng)與擬除蟲菊酯類殺蟲劑輪替使用以改善蚊蟲控制效果并延緩抗性發(fā)展,延長殺蟲劑使用壽命。殺蟲劑代謝酶活性增高引起的代謝抗性和殺蟲劑靶標VGSC突變引起的擊倒抗性是當?shù)氐歉餆崦浇橐廖脭M除蟲菊酯類殺蟲劑抗性產(chǎn)生的主要原因,相關(guān)代謝酶活性和擊倒抗性基因頻率的定期監(jiān)測對當?shù)氐歉餆崦浇橐廖玫木C合防制及抗性治理意義重大。
[Abstract]:Yunnan Province, Jinghong City, Xishuangbanna Dai Autonomous Prefecture is located in China's southernmost border, with Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus distribution. In recent years, due to breeding overseas and local media input cases increased pressure of Aedes large, Jinghong has become China's most severe dengue epidemic area of.2013, Jinghong City, the local large-scale dengue fever epidemic occurred for the first time, resulting in 1269 cases; again in 2015 the outbreak, 1054 cases were reported. The dengue fever epidemic prevention and control, extensive use of pyrethroid insecticides for ultra low volume spraying (ULV) and residual spraying to quickly kill adult mosquitoes, but the effect is not ideal. In order to guide local rational and effective use of insecticides to control the vector, in 2015 were collected in the area during the epidemic, Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus, understand the distribution characteristics and breeding characteristics of the local mosquito; through biology A method for the determination of a comprehensive understanding of the several commonly used pyrethroid, resistance to organophosphate and carbamate pesticides and biological concepts, and explore the main resistant mechanism in Enzymology and molecular biology level, provide the basis for the local epidemic prevention and control of dengue fever. The results are summarized as follows: 1. is the dominant species of Aedes aegypti in Jinghong City, is an important media in recent years the dengue epidemic in Jinghong, the main breeding in indoor outside of the vase, bucket, water tank, pickled cabbage altar, tires, water tank and other idle water container; the number of Aedes albopictus is relatively small, in the city of Jinghong City in surrounding areas; 2. dengue vector had high resistance to pyrethroid insecticides, but for organophosphate and carbamate insecticides and biological pesticides cool idea relatively sensitive or resistant to the low level. Pyrethroid insecticides, the resistance level of Aedes albopictus and Aedes aegypti larvae were reference strains of 41.6-1559.7 times and 12.2-865.5 times, a resistance level of mosquitoes as the reference strains of 5.0-45.2 times and 36.4-336.0 times; the organophosphorus, carbamate pesticides and physical concepts, the resistance level of Jinghong City Aedes albopictus and Aedes aegypti larvae were reference strains of 0.8 ~ 20.4 and 0.5 ~ 5.3 times of adult mosquitoes in the diagnosis of dose mortality in (84.44 ~ 97.96)% (51.85 ~ 100)% between.3. enzyme activity determination showed that the Jinghong city of Aedes aegypti larvae and MFO the activity of GST was significantly improved, the larvae of two kinds of enzyme activity were reference strains of 89.57 and 2.56 times of adult mosquitoes were 1.12 and 1.70 times; increased GST activity in Aedes mosquito larvae in Jinghong City, 1.34 times as the reference strains, and MFO enzyme activity of adult L High, 12.11 times as the reference strains. Piperonyl butoxide (PBO) and deltamethrin compound in Jinghong, Aedes aegypti mosquitoes and larvae into effect is not obvious, but the Aedes albopictus mosquito larvae and a synergistic effect is obvious, and with the increase of PBO dose, synergistic effect was also enhanced, suggesting that cytochrome P450s and Jinghong city of Aedes albopictus in resistance to pyrethroid insecticides is related to the formation of.4. knockdown resistance gene detected in Jinghong populations of Aedes aegypti voltage-gated sodium channel (VGSC) V1016G and F1534C two mutation types, allele frequencies are 100% and 30.4%; Aedes albopictus in the presence of I1532T and F1534S/L mutation and the allele frequencies were 23.2% and 29.6%. in Jinghong city of dengue vector Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus population has produced serious resistance to pyrethroid insecticides, pesticides and different mechanisms Pyrethroid insecticides use rotation to improve mosquito control effect and delaying the development of resistance, prolong the service life of pesticides. Metabolic enzyme activity caused by increased metabolism of insecticide resistance and insecticide targets caused by VGSC mutation is local dengue vector Aedes knockdown resistance in addition to the main causes of insect to pyrethroid resistance, metabolic enzyme activity and frequency. The resistance gene and resistance to regular monitoring of comprehensive prevention and control of dengue vector Aedes local governance is significant.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：中國疾病預(yù)防控制中心
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：R512.8;R184.3

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