發(fā)布時間：2018-01-14 05:26

  本文關(guān)鍵詞：我國兒童血鉛水平現(xiàn)狀及對策研究　出處：《南華大學(xué)》2014年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

  更多相關(guān)文章： 鉛中毒事件 兒童 血鉛水平 對策研究

【摘要】：目的分析我國群體性鉛中毒事件發(fā)生的流行趨勢、特征以及我國0~6歲兒童整體血鉛水平，總結(jié)美國、加拿大等發(fā)達國家鉛中毒防控策略的現(xiàn)狀，分析我國鉛中毒防制策略中存在的不足，為降低我國兒童血鉛水平和鉛中毒發(fā)生幾率，改善兒童健康狀況提供參考依據(jù)。 內(nèi)容和方法(1)本文選用“鉛污染”、“鉛中毒”、“鉛超標(biāo)”、“事件”等為檢索詞，分別在知網(wǎng)、萬方數(shù)據(jù)庫及新華網(wǎng)、人民網(wǎng)等影響力較大的網(wǎng)站、刊物進行檢索，搜集2004~2012年間我國發(fā)生的群體性鉛中毒事件并進行描述性統(tǒng)計分析，了解鉛中毒事件流行態(tài)勢及特征。(2)以“兒童血鉛”、“鉛中毒”、“血鉛水平”等為檢索詞，通過計算機檢索中國知網(wǎng)、維普、萬方等數(shù)據(jù)庫收集我國自2008年以來公開發(fā)表的有關(guān)0~6歲兒童血鉛水平的相關(guān)文獻，了解我國最近5年0~6歲兒童血鉛水平及鉛中毒率的整體情況，為進一步開展兒童血鉛防控研究提供基礎(chǔ)數(shù)據(jù)。(3)通過對比分析我國與美國、加拿大等發(fā)達國家兒童鉛中毒防控策略的差異，，了解我國的鉛中毒防控策略的現(xiàn)狀和不足，為完善我國兒童鉛中毒防控策略提供依據(jù)。 結(jié)果(1)研究表明我國自2004年以來發(fā)生了50起群體性鉛中毒事件，其中2009年以后共發(fā)生32起，占64.0%；事件主要發(fā)生在東、中部經(jīng)濟較發(fā)達的地區(qū)，所占比例分別為46.0%和32.0%；事件發(fā)生中鉛冶煉廠和鉛蓄電池企業(yè)約占72.0%，是事件發(fā)生的主要污染源；職業(yè)性鉛中毒有5起，占10.0%，30起鉛中毒人群均為兒童，占60.0%；(2)通過對27個省(市)涉及28萬人所作的系統(tǒng)分析發(fā)現(xiàn)，近5年來我國0~6歲兒童的血鉛水平為63.15μg/L，鉛中毒率為12.31%；總體上血鉛水平隨年齡增加而增高；在27個省(市)中除了陜西、浙江、吉林、重慶4個省兒童血鉛均值較以前有所升高，其他省份均下降，此外陜西和浙江的鉛中毒率較之前有所升高；男童血鉛水平和鉛中毒率均高于女童；(3)我國鉛中毒防控策略與發(fā)達國家相比兒童鉛中毒診斷標(biāo)準(zhǔn)相對滯后，環(huán)境中鉛的相關(guān)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)存在一定的差距；鉛蓄電池行業(yè)法律體系較健全但缺乏有效的監(jiān)管體制；兒童家長鉛中毒預(yù)防相關(guān)知識獲得途徑較少等問題。 結(jié)論 1.我國群體性鉛中毒事件呈多發(fā)狀態(tài)，主要影響職業(yè)人員和兒童，事件發(fā)生呈明顯的地區(qū)分布特征，鉛冶煉廠和鉛蓄電池廠是事件發(fā)生的主要原因； 2.近5年來我國學(xué)齡前兒童血鉛水平和鉛中毒率均持續(xù)下降，但與發(fā)達國家相比仍存在較大的差距； 3.與發(fā)達國家相比我國鉛中毒防控策略缺乏系統(tǒng)性研究，需進一步完善環(huán)境法規(guī)，加強健康教育策略研究，多部門共同合作以逐步降低兒童血鉛水平。
[Abstract]:Objective to analyze the epidemic trend and characteristics of mass lead poisoning in China and to summarize the present situation of prevention and control strategies for lead poisoning in developed countries such as the United States and Canada. The deficiency of prevention and control strategy of lead poisoning in China was analyzed in order to reduce the level of lead in blood and the probability of lead poisoning and to improve the health status of children in China. Content and method 1) this article selects "lead pollution", "lead poisoning", "lead exceeding standard", "event" as the key words, respectively in the network, Wanfang database and Xinhua net, people's net and other influential websites. In order to find out the epidemic situation and characteristics of lead poisoning in children, we collected and analyzed the mass lead poisoning events in China from 2004 to 2012, and analyzed the epidemic situation and characteristics of lead poisoning events in order to "lead in children's blood". "lead poisoning" and "blood lead level" are the key words. Wanfang and other databases collected the relevant literature on the blood lead level of children aged 0 ~ 6 years published since 2008 in China to understand the overall situation of blood lead level and lead poisoning rate of children aged 0 ~ 6 years in our country in the last 5 years. To provide basic data for further research on prevention and control of children's blood lead. (3) by comparing and analyzing the differences of prevention and control strategies of children's lead poisoning between China and developed countries such as the United States and Canada. To understand the present situation and deficiency of lead poisoning prevention and control strategy in China, and to provide the basis for improving the prevention and control strategy of lead poisoning in children in China. Results 1) the study showed that there were 50 cases of group lead poisoning since 2004, of which 32 cases (64.0%) occurred after 2009; The events mainly occurred in the east and the central regions with more developed economy, accounting for 46.0% and 32.0 percent, respectively. The lead smelter and the lead battery enterprise account for about 72.0, which is the main source of pollution. There were 5 cases of occupational lead poisoning, accounting for 10.0% of the 30 cases of lead poisoning were children, accounting for 60.0%; (2) based on the systematic analysis of 280,000 people in 27 provinces (cities), it was found that the blood lead level of children aged 0 ~ 6 years in China was 63.15 渭 g / L, and the lead poisoning rate was 12.31 渭 g / L in the past 5 years. As a whole, the blood lead level increased with age. In 27 provinces (cities), except Shaanxi, Zhejiang, Jilin and Chongqing, the average of children's blood lead increased, and the other provinces decreased. In addition, the lead poisoning rate in Shaanxi and Zhejiang was higher than before. The blood lead level and lead poisoning rate of boys were higher than those of girls. 3) compared with the developed countries, the prevention and control strategy of lead poisoning in China is relatively lagging behind the diagnostic criteria for lead poisoning in children, and there is a certain gap in the related standards of lead in the environment. The legal system of lead-acid battery industry is relatively sound but lack of effective supervision system; There are few ways to acquire knowledge about prevention of lead poisoning among parents of children. Conclusion 1. The occurrence of group lead poisoning in China was frequent, which mainly affected professional personnel and children. The occurrence of the incidents showed obvious regional distribution characteristics. Lead smelter and lead storage battery plant were the main causes of the incident. 2.The blood lead level and lead poisoning rate of preschool children in China have been decreasing in recent five years, but there is still a big gap compared with the developed countries. 3.Compared with the developed countries, the prevention and control strategies of lead poisoning in China are lack of systematic research. It is necessary to further improve the environmental laws and regulations, strengthen the study of health education strategies, and cooperate with other departments to gradually reduce the blood lead level of children.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：南華大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號】：R179

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