本文關(guān)鍵詞：云南某貧困地區(qū)留守兒童意外傷害現(xiàn)況及影響因素研究　出處：《昆明醫(yī)科大學(xué)》2015年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

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【摘要】：目的本研究探討留守兒童意外傷害的流行病學(xué)特征,分析留守兒.童意外傷害的主要類型和影響因素,為留守兒童意外傷害的預(yù)防提供科學(xué)依據(jù)。方法本研究綜合使用流行病學(xué)調(diào)查、半結(jié)構(gòu)式訪談和觀察法相結(jié)合的方式。①采用立意抽樣與分層整群隨機(jī)抽樣相結(jié)合的方法,抽取云南省留守兒童眾多的某貧困縣3所中學(xué)和2所小學(xué),對其3-9年級共2924名在校學(xué)生采用自編意外傷害相關(guān)問卷進(jìn)行調(diào)查,了解留守兒童意外傷害的流行現(xiàn)狀；②根據(jù)制定好的訪談提綱,對項(xiàng)目地區(qū)相關(guān)部門人員、留守/非留守兒童及其家長進(jìn)行訪談,了解當(dāng)?shù)亓羰貎和馔鈧τ嘘P(guān)政策和實(shí)施情況以及工作計(jì)劃等；③對項(xiàng)目地區(qū)學(xué)校、學(xué)校周邊環(huán)境、社會(huì)文化等進(jìn)行觀察。結(jié)果1留守情況：本次對云南省某貧困縣5所學(xué)校的調(diào)查,共獲取有效問卷2909份,留守兒童共1630人,占調(diào)查總?cè)藬?shù)的56%。其中留守男生為785人(48.2%),留守女生為845人(51.8%),留守男女性別比為：0.93：1。8-10組有38人(2.3%),10-14歲組有451人(27.7%),14-18歲組有1141人(70%)�？h城有261人(16%),鄉(xiāng)鎮(zhèn)有1369人(84%)。2意外傷害發(fā)生情況：本次調(diào)查2909名兒童,發(fā)生意外傷害的學(xué)生共909人,占調(diào)查學(xué)生總數(shù)的31.2%。其中男生意外傷害發(fā)生人數(shù)為468人(51.5%),女生意外傷害發(fā)生人數(shù)為441人(48.5%)。留守兒童意外傷害發(fā)生人數(shù)有555人(61.1%),非留守兒童有354人(38.9%)�？偟膫Πl(fā)生率為31.2%,男生傷害發(fā)生率(33.1%)高于女生傷害發(fā)生率(29.5%),男女生傷害發(fā)生率差異具有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(χ2=4.278,P=0.039)。留守兒童傷害發(fā)生率(34%)高于非留守兒童(27.7%),其中留守男童的發(fā)生率最高,達(dá)到36.1%,留守女童為32.2%。留守與非留守兒童傷害發(fā)生率差異具有顯著性意義(χ2=13.541,P=0.000)。鄉(xiāng)鎮(zhèn)兒童意外傷害發(fā)生率為34.7%,高于縣城兒童意外傷害發(fā)生率(18.1%),鄉(xiāng)鎮(zhèn)和縣城兒童意外傷害發(fā)生率差異具有顯著意義(χ2=61.515,P=0.000)。其中,鄉(xiāng)鎮(zhèn)留守兒童意外傷害發(fā)生率最高為36%,其次是鄉(xiāng)鎮(zhèn)非留守兒童(32.8%)。3留守兒童與非留守兒童在不同性別、年級、是否獨(dú)生等人口學(xué)特征,不同監(jiān)護(hù)人類型、文化程度情況、職業(yè),父母不同外出打工類型、外出時(shí)間長短情況意外傷害發(fā)生分布情況存在差異。4傷害特征：留守與非留守兒童的前五位傷害類型依次為跌落傷、燒燙傷、銳器傷、咬傷、碰撞傷。究其跌落傷的原因主要是碰撞摔倒、上下樓梯、爬山爬樹,發(fā)生地點(diǎn)以家中、家附近、學(xué)校以及街道居多。而燒燙傷的原因主要是做家務(wù)和玩火,家中是燒燙傷發(fā)生的最主要場所。留守兒童意外傷害發(fā)生的時(shí)間分布上,發(fā)生在父母外出務(wù)工后的比例最高為52.5%,其次是父母外出務(wù)工前,占33.3%,其他的占14.2%。傷害發(fā)生部位主要是下肢,其次是手指。傷害發(fā)生由自己致傷的比例最高。傷害程度以輕中度居多,受傷后到醫(yī)療單位和家人或朋友處理的最多,大多數(shù)學(xué)生傷后恢復(fù)較好,有部分學(xué)生表現(xiàn)為疼痛,僅少數(shù)學(xué)生有殘疾和活動(dòng)受限。5傷害發(fā)生的影響因素：多因素分析結(jié)果顯示,兒童意外傷害的影響因素主要有地區(qū)、年級、年齡、周圍是否有人打架、是否在馬路上騎車帶人或逆行、是否留守等。地區(qū)是兒童意外傷害發(fā)生的重要影響因素,鄉(xiāng)鎮(zhèn)兒童意外傷害的發(fā)生風(fēng)險(xiǎn)明顯高于縣城兒童；年級越低,發(fā)生意外傷害的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)越大；相較于年齡小的兒童,年齡更大的兒童發(fā)生意外傷害的可能性更�。恢車�(jīng)常有人打架、經(jīng)常在馬路上騎車帶人或逆行會(huì)增加意外傷害發(fā)生的風(fēng)險(xiǎn),與非留守兒童相比,留守兒童更易發(fā)生意外傷害。留守與非留守兒童有4項(xiàng)共性的影響因素。而母親外出打工、父母均外出打工、周圍經(jīng)常有人打架、周圍偶爾有人打架、學(xué)校開展戶外活動(dòng)、經(jīng)常上網(wǎng)、父母把刀放在你拿得到的地方7個(gè)因素是留守兒童獨(dú)有的影響因素。提示,與非留守兒童比較,留守兒童面臨更多的傷害風(fēng)險(xiǎn),留守兒童比非留守兒童更易受到來自父母外出打工情況、周圍社會(huì)風(fēng)氣、以及學(xué)校家庭等安全隱患的影響。結(jié)論留守兒童意外傷害發(fā)生率相對較高,且留守兒童意外傷害分布存在差異,跌落和燒燙傷是主要傷害類型。留守兒童意外傷害的發(fā)生是各種因素綜合作用的結(jié)果。家庭、學(xué)校以及家庭和學(xué)校周邊存在的諸多安全隱患,留守兒童的傷害認(rèn)知程度、傷害相關(guān)危險(xiǎn)行為等個(gè)體因素,家庭情況,父母是否外出打工,家長或監(jiān)護(hù)人對留守兒童的監(jiān)護(hù)狀況等都有可能影響留守兒童意外傷害的發(fā)生。應(yīng)針對留守兒童年齡、性別、危險(xiǎn)行為等個(gè)體因素,傷害類型、時(shí)間、空間的分布,環(huán)境安全隱患等采取綜合性干預(yù)措施。政府和社會(huì)應(yīng)加大對留守兒童的支持力度,學(xué)校應(yīng)加快管理機(jī)制的健全和完善,家長或監(jiān)護(hù)人應(yīng)重視孩子的安全問題,盡可能消除家中安全隱患,提高孩子傷害防范意識,構(gòu)建起學(xué)校、社會(huì)和家庭為一體的管理體系,使留守兒童生長在充滿愛心的社會(huì)中。
[Abstract]:Objective to investigate the epidemiological characteristics of unintentional injuries among children left behind in this study, analysis of children left behind. The main factors influence children's type and the accident, to provide scientific basis for the prevention of unintentional injuries among children left behind. This study used comprehensive epidemiological method combining semi-structured interviews and observation methods. Using purposive sampling method and the combination of stratified random sampling, extraction of Yunnan left behind many of the 3 children in a poor county middle schools and 2 primary school, on a total of 2924 grade 3-9 students with the self injury related questionnaire, the epidemic situation of left-behind children accident understanding; according to the interview outline of project in the relevant departments, left behind / non left-behind children and their parents were interviewed to understand the local left-behind children accident related policies and implementation of the work plan The project area; school, school environment, social culture and so on were observed. Results: 1 left behind the survey on a poor county in Yunnan province in 5 schools, a total of 2909 copies of valid questionnaires left-behind children, a total of 1630 people, accounting for the investigation of the total number of 56%. which was 785 (48.2% boys left behind), left behind girls for 845 people (51.8%), left behind sex ratio: 0.93:1.8-10 group of 38 people (2.3%), 10-14 group of 451 people (27.7%), 14-18 group of 1141 people (70%). The county has 261 people (16%), township 1369 people (84%).2 accident occurrence: the survey of 2909 children, the accident occurred a total of 909 students, accounting for the total number of students surveyed the 31.2%. male accident number is 468 people (51.5%), female accident number is 441 people (48.5%). Left-behind children accidents number 555 people (61.1%). Non left-behind children 354 (38. 9%). The total injury incidence rate was 31.2%, the incidence rate of boys is higher than girls (33.1%) injury incidence rate (29.5%), the incidence rate of injury had a statistically significant difference between male and female students (2=4.278, P=0.039). Left-behind children injury incidence rate (34%) was higher than that of non left-behind children (27.7%), which left the boy's place the highest rate reached 36.1%, 32.2%. left behind girls left behind and non left-behind children injury incidence rate difference was significant (2=13.541, P=0.000). The child injury incidence rate was 34.7%, higher than the county child injury incidence rate (18.1%), a significant difference was occurred in the town and county of child injury (x2 2=61.515, P=0.000). Among them, the highest incidence of unintentional injuries among children left behind for 36%, followed by non rural left-behind children (32.8%).3 left-behind children and non left behind children in different gender, grade, whether the one-child and other demographic characteristics, not With the guardian type, educational level, occupation, parents of migrant workers of different types, the length of time the situation out accident distribution difference of.4 damage features: left behind and non left behind the top five types of injuries were fall injured children, burns, injuries, bites, collision injury. The reason of fall injury the collision is mainly fall, up and down the stairs, climbing trees, near the place in the home, family, and school streets mostly. And burn is mainly doing housework and playing with fire, home is the main field of burn injury. The left behind children accident occurred in the time distribution, the parents go out workers after the highest proportion of 52.5%, followed by the parents of migrant workers, accounting for 33.3%, other parts of the damage is mainly accounted for 14.2%. of lower extremity, followed by finger injuries from his injury. The highest percentage of damage process. In mild to moderate majority, after the injury to the medical treatment units and most family members or friends, most of the students better recovery after injury, some students had pain, only a few students have the influence factors of disability and activity limitation.5 injury: multiple factor analysis showed that the influencing factors of children injury are the main area. Grade, age, around whether there was a fight, whether on the road carrying person or retrograde, whether left behind. Area is an important factor affecting the occurrence of child injury, the risk of accidental injury of children of the township is obviously higher than that of the county children; the lower grade, the greater the risk of accidents; compared to the younger age the children are less likely to older children accidents; around people often fight, often ride on the road with the risk of accidental injury or retrograde increases occur, Compared with non left-behind children, left-behind children are more prone to accidental injury. The effect factors of left behind and non left-behind children. There are 4 common and mother were the parents of migrant workers, migrant workers, the surrounding people often fight around occasional fights, the school to carry out outdoor activities, often on the net, put a knife to your parents get a place left behind 7 factors are factors that influence children's unique. That compared with the non left behind children, left-behind children face the risk of more harm, left-behind children than non left-behind children are more susceptible to parents from migrant workers, around the social atmosphere, and the influence of school and family and other security risks. The relatively high rate of conclusion left-behind children accidental injury, and left behind children accident distribution differences, fall and burn is the main type of injury. The occurrence of accidental injury of children left behind is the various factors of the result. Family, school and family there are many security risks and schools around the left-behind children injury awareness, individual factors, injury related risk behaviors such as family, parents are migrant workers, parents or guardians of left-behind children guardianship status are likely to affect the occurrence of accidental injury of children left behind. For left-behind children age. Gender, individual factors, risk behavior and damage types, time, space distribution, environmental security risks and other intervention measures. The government and society should increase the left-behind children support, improve and perfect the management mechanism should speed up the school, parents or guardians should pay attention to children's safety, as far as possible to eliminate safety hazards home, improve child injury prevention awareness, build a school, family and society as a whole management system, make the left-behind children grow in a caring society .

【學(xué)位授予單位】：昆明醫(yī)科大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：R179

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本文編號：1421561